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A granddaughter explores the story of her Ukrainian grandmother's survival of Hitler's forced labor camps Irina Nikifortchuk was 19 years old and a Ukrainian schoolteacher when she was abducted to be a forced laborer in the Leica camera factory in Nazi Germany. Eventually pulled from the camp hospital to work as a domestic in the Leica owners' household, Irina survived the war and eventually found her way to Canada. Decades later Sasha Colby, Irina's granddaughter, seeks out her grandmother's story over a series of summer visits and gradually begins to interweave the as-told-to story with historical research. As she delves deeper into the history of the Leica factory and World War II forced labor, she discovers the parallel story of Elsie Kühn-Leitz, Irina's rescuer and the factory heiress, later imprisoned and interrogated by the Gestapo on charges of \"excessive humanity.\" This is creative nonfiction at its best as the mystery of Irina's life unspools skillfully and arrestingly. Despite the horrors that the story must tell, it is full of life, humor, food, and the joy of ordinary safety in Canada. The Matryoshka Memoirs takes us into a forgotten corner of history, weaving a rich and satisfying tapestry of survival and family ties and asking what we owe those who aid us.

Empathy, which involves supporting the client, is a mandatory component of doctor-client communication. Sticking to the tactics of consolation in communication allows achieving greater effectiveness of the clinical activity of a medical worker. Since medical discourse as a sample of institutional discourse is characterized by a certain constant pattern, it has been proven that in the context of learning a foreign language it is appropriate to use a genre approach. The involvement of the genre approach in linguistic didactics is also explained by the dependence of the number of speech genres mastered by a foreigner and his level of formation of the secondary language personality. It is proved that consolation is a speech genre. The choice of film discourse for the study is justified by the specificity of the genre and the fact that it is a sample of authentic texts, the effectiveness of the auditory and visual channels of information perception. The \"signals\" of the use of the consolation genre, vocabulary and grammatical features are described. The verbal means of the main tactics within the secondary genre of consolation are listed. Methods of organizing the teaching of the Ukrainian language according to the genre approach are proposed.

The topic of an education-occupation mismatch of tertiary educated migrant workers in receiving countries is an important issue in contemporary research in international migration, especially in the context of growing international economic competition. In this article, we analyse the level of mismatch of tertiary educated migrant workers in the Czech labour market, with a particular focus on Ukrainian workers. Using a unique set of statistical data, several conclusions can be drawn from a longitudinal approach, as well as multiple regression analysis in order to identify possible determinants of the mismatch at a district level. First, the mismatch of tertiary educated migrants does exist and is growing over time. Second, it seems that the level of mismatch is higher in economically progressive districts with higher numbers of qualified domestic and foreign workers, which creates a higher level of competition in the labour market. As a result, a relatively higher share of tertiary educated migrant workers end up over-educated in professions they find in the secondary labour market in these districts. Using the example of Ukrainians, the progression of tertiary educated migrants into the Czech labour market over time faces rather limited vertical mobility, with a slight progression to more skilled occupations. This can be related to the complexity of factors from individual to institutional levels of analysis.

The article is devoted to substantiating the necessity of using existing tools and means of labor law science in certain aspects of labor migration, particularly, concerning the provision of labor freedom for Ukrainian workers - labor emigrants. The integrated approach to the development of methodological foundations for such provision and the development of relevant legal provisions at various stages of realization of a person's right to labor, as well as in part of ensuring the prohibition of compulsory labor, can qualitatively raise the level of legal regulation of labor migration through the inclusion of labor law science. In support of its argument the article provides a wide range of statistical data on Ukrainian labor emigration. It is determined that the existing problems of Ukrainian labor emigration in the context of ensuring freedom of work can be systematized at the stages of their occurrence in the following way: 1) before the emergence of labor relations with a foreign employer, that is, as long as a Ukrainian citizen is still in Ukraine and acts for the purpose of employment abroad; 2) the emergence of labor relations with a foreign employer, that is, the legal registration of such relationships; 3) the actual beginning of labor relations outside Ukraine, the course of labor relations and the presence of a Ukrainian labor emigrant in them; 4) termination of labor relations of the Ukrainian labor emigrant and return to the territory of Ukraine. The emergence of labor disputes is the optional stage.

With the stroke of a pen at the Potsdam Conference following the Allied victory in 1945, Breslau, the largest German city east of Berlin, became the Polish city of Wroclaw. Its more than six hundred thousand inhabitants--almost all of them ethnic Germans--were expelled and replaced by Polish settlers from all parts of prewar Poland.Uprootedexamines the long-term psychological and cultural consequences of forced migration in twentieth-century Europe through the experiences of Wroclaw's Polish inhabitants. In this pioneering work, Gregor Thum tells the story of how the city's new Polish settlers found themselves in a place that was not only unfamiliar to them but outright repellent given Wroclaw's Prussian-German appearance and the enormous scope of wartime destruction. The immediate consequences were an unstable society, an extremely high crime rate, rapid dilapidation of the building stock, and economic stagnation. This changed only after the city's authorities and a new intellectual elite provided Wroclaw with a Polish founding myth and reshaped the city's appearance to fit the postwar legend that it was an age-old Polish city. Thum also shows how the end of the Cold War and Poland's democratization triggered a public debate about Wroclaw's \"amputated memory.\" Rediscovering the German past, Wroclaw's Poles reinvented their city for the second time since World War II. Uprootedtraces the complex historical process by which Wroclaw's new inhabitants revitalized their city and made it their own.

Міжнародна міграція є глобальним явищем, складність, обсяг і вплив якого на економічний розвиток країн постійно зростають. Метою статті є дослідження особливостей зовнішніх міграційних процесів в Україні і світі, аналіз факторів та основних тенденцій, визначення причин зовнішньої трудової міграції населення та їх наслідків для соціально-економічного розвитку нашої країни, розкриття існуючих загроз та негативних наслідків міжнародної трудової міграції для мігрантів та економіки України. Методологія дослідження обсягів і динаміки міграційних процесів, особливостей розвитку міграційної політики в Україні і світі ґрунтуєтьсь на застосуванні загальнонаукових та спеціальних методів наукового пізнання: діалектичного, системного підходів, соціологічного опитування, порівняння, статистичного аналізу. Особливу увагу приділено визначенню соціально-економічних причин та наслідків міжнародної міграції робочої сили з України. Проаналізовано напрями української трудової міграції, з урахуванням вікових груп та секторів зайнятості вітчизняних трудових мігрантів. Запропоновано основні підходи щодо вдосконалення державної міграційної політики на основі регулювання трудоміграційних процесів в Україні, уповільнення динаміки міграції населення, утримання чисельності та структури населення на рівні, що забезпечує підтримку господарської освоєності територій, удосконалення національного міжнародного законодавства, призупинення міграційних витрат, створення умов для зворотної міграції когорти українських громадян, які працюють за кордоном тощо.

As an exploration of the childhood memories of working-class Ukrainians who grew up in Depression-era boarding houses (or houses with a few boarders) in Sudbury, Ontario, this paper treats the oral histories as the subject, not merely the method, of analysis and highlights, in particular, the gendered differences that emerge in the narratives of the men and women interviewed for this project. Moreover, this article argues that even within a politically polarized immigrant group such as the Ukrainians, where left/right, progressive/nationalist, and secular/religious splits were so pronounced, and thus central to shaping the histories and historiographies of both camps, it was the influence of dominant gender roles rather than politics, religion, or ideology that most directly informed the differing memories of experience that men and women had of growing up Ukrainian and working class in Sudbury. In particular, this article focuses on informants' recollections regarding three areas of activity that were part of everyday boarding house life: children's relationships with male boarders, their domestic chores, and leisure activities. /// Comme un des souvenirs d'enfance des Ukrainiens de la classe ouvrière qui ont grandi dans les pensions de famille (ou dans des maisons avec quelques pensionnaires) à l'époque de la Dépression à Sudbury, Ontario, cet article traite les histories orales comme le sujet, non seulement la méthode, de l'analyse et souligne, en particulier, les différences de genre qui émergent dans les narrations des femmes et des hommes interviewés pour ce projet. De plus, cet article prétend que même dans un groupe d'immigrants politiquement polarisé tel que les Ukrainiens, où les séparations entre la gauche et la droite, le progressiste et le nationaliste, et le séculaire et le religieux étaient si prononcées, et par conséquent d'une importance primordiale aux histoires et historiographies des deux camps, c'était l'influence des rôles de genre dominant plutôt que la politique, la religion, ou l'idéologie qui transmettait le plus directement les souvenirs de l'expérience des hommes et des femmes qui avaient grandi dans le milieu de la classe ouvrière ukrainienne à Sudbury. En particulier, cet article se concentre sur les souvenirs des personnes interrogées en ce qui concerne trois secteurs d'activités faisant partie de la vie quotidienne dans les pensions de famille: les relations des enfants avec les pensionnaires, leurs travaux domestiques ainsi que leurs activités de loisirs.

Tato kniha se točí kolem peněz – remitencí, které migranti vydělají v zahraničí a poté posílají svým rodinám do mateřské země. Pojednává zejména o tom, kde se tyto remitence berou/rodí, jakou mají váhu ve srovnání s příjmy a ostatními výdaji, za jakých podmínek, v jakém prostředí a v jakém životním stylu migranta jsou vydělávány, co samotný pracovní pobyt pro migranty v zahraničí znamená, jaké faktory ovlivňují to, zda někdo remitence vůbec posílá, a když ano, tak v jaké výši a za co jsou potom také remitence ve zdrojové zemi migrace utraceny. Kniha je ale i o politikách a opatřeních, která migraci a remitování usměrňují, a je i o statistikách, které o migrantech a remitencích přinášejí podrobnější informace. Částečně se také dotýká rozvoje, jehož jsou migrace a remitence nedílnou součástí. Autoři realitu mapují na příkladu analýzy chování ukrajinských pracovních migrantů v Česku, především v prostředí hlavního města Prahy a jeho okolí, nicméně vše je rámováno přehledem obecnějších podmíněností na globální úrovni i konkrétním představením relevantních aspektů reality Ukrajiny a Česka.

This book is about migration as a form of risk-taking. Based on Ukrainian women's experiences in the Polish domestic work sector, it presents a new approach to analyse movements of female migrants responding to the demand for household labour around the world. Risks involved in migration and in migrant domestic work are accounted for in detail alongside an analysis of the migration decision-making processes. This study shows how social ties and migrant institutions effectively reduce the otherwise radical asymmetry of power between an individual migrant, the state and an employer. A Risky Business? brings to light the complex risk structures of migrants' activities and their sophisticated responses to them. With their innovative strategies, migrants challenge government-imposed constraints and thus reduce the risks of migration. A Risky Business? geeft een gedetailleerde analyse van de besluitvormingsprocessen van vrouwelijke oekraïense migranten die naar Polen emigreren om daar als huishoudelijke hulp te gaan werken. Deze studie laat zien hoe de sociale banden en migrantenorganisaties de machtsongelijkheid tussen een migrant, de staat en een werkgever effectief verkleinen. A Risky Business? belicht de complexheid aan risico's enerwaar arbeidsmigranten mee te maken hebben en hun behendige reactie daarop.