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\"During the First World War, more than 80,000 Chinese labourers were secretly transported from China across Canada to the Western Front where they built bridges and roads, repaired tanks, unloaded supplies, and then, after the war, cleaned up the grisly battlefields. Though the use of Chinese labourers for the war has been known, the story of their journey and their work, and the role of Canadians in recruiting and transporting them, has not been fully told--until now. In Canadians and the Chinese Labour Corps in the First World War, Dan Black, co-author of Old Enough to Fight, describes the perilous journey taken by the Chinese labourers from their remote villages in China, across the North Pacific, the vast country of Canada from Vancouver to Halifax, and across the North Atlantic to the battlefields of Europe, and then back again. For political reasons--it was a time of deep discrimination against the Chinese in Canada-- and to prevent them from escaping, the Chinese labourers were locked into cattle cars and forbidden to disembark during the journey. The Canadian public, too, was kept in the dark about the trains. But their experience is indelibly evident--in graves across the country from Vancouver Island to Thunder Bay, and Petawawa to Halifax. One Canadian in particular plays a central role in this story--Captain Harry Livingstone, a small-town doctor from Listowel, Ontario. Livingstone joined the Canadian Army Medical Corps in 1917, at the age of 28. His first assignment was to go to northeast China to a recruitment depot, where he examined poor, young Chinese men to ensure they were fit for service. He later joined them on their journey across the North Pacific to a quarantine station on Canada's West Coast. Drawing on the diaries written by Livingstone, and the letters of the Canadian missionaries who served as temporary officers with the corps in Europe, Dan Black traces the experience of the Chinese Labour Corps and sheds new light on the mistreatment and racism they faced in Canada and in wartime Europe.\"-- Provided by publisher.

A pioneering study of Canadian labour leaders' approach to immigration from the 1870s to the Great Depression.

Intro -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- PART 1: ISSUES AND ARGUMENTS -- 1 Guarding the Gates -- 2 Setting the Stage: Labour, Industry, and Immigration in Canada, 1872-1934 -- PART 2: LABOUR'S ANTI-ASIAN AGITATION -- 3 The Bounds of Unity: Opposition to Chinese Immigration, 1880-87 -- 4 The \"Old Time Question\": The Campaign for Exclusion, 1888-1934 -- PART 3: LABOUR AND ATLANTIC IMMIGRATION -- 5 Superfluous People: Labour's Construction of Immigrants from Europe and the British Isles -- 6 Importing Victims: The Assault on the Commerce of Immigration -- PART 4: IMMIGRATION, IDEOLOGY, AND POLITICS -- 7 Immigration, Joseph Arch, and the Producer Ideology, 1872-79 -- 8 Imported Labour, the Tariff, and Land Reform, 1880-1902 -- 9 Retreat, Corporatism, and Responsible Management, 1903-34 -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X.

In a developing nation like the Philippines, many mothers provide for their families by traveling to a foreign country to care for someone else’s. Families Apart focuses on Filipino overseas workers in Canada to reveal what such arrangements mean for families, documenting the difficulties of family separation and the problems that children have when reuniting with their mothers in Vancouver.

In exploring an array of intimacies between global migrants Nayan Shah illuminates a stunning, transient world of heterogeneous social relations—dignified, collaborative, and illicit. At the same time he demonstrates how the United States and Canada, in collusion with each other, actively sought to exclude and dispossess nonwhite races. Stranger Intimacy reveals the intersections between capitalism, the state's treatment of immigrants, sexual citizenship, and racism in the first half of the twentieth century.

We use 130 years of data on historical migrations to the U.S. to show a causal effect of the ancestry composition of U.S. counties on foreign direct investment (FDI) sent and received by local firms. To isolate the causal effect of ancestry on FDI, we build a simple reduced-form model of migrations: Migrations from a foreign country to a U.S. county at a given time depend on (1) a push factor, causing emigration from that foreign country to the entire U.S., and (2) a pull factor, causing immigration from all origins into that U.S. county. The interaction between time-series variation in origin-specific push factors and destination-specific pull factors generates quasi-random variation in the allocation of migrants across U.S. counties. We find that doubling the number of residents with ancestry from a given foreign country relative to the mean increases the probability that at least one local firm engages in FDI with that country by 4 percentage points. We present evidence that this effect is primarily driven by a reduction in information frictions, and not by better contract enforcement, taste similarities, or a convergence in factor endowments.

Across Canada and the United States, immigrant workers face important obstacles at work and in the broader society, whether their immigration status is temporary, permanent, or nonexistent. Hyper-precarious workers of all status groups, and their allies in unions and worker centers, are organizing to improve their conditions. In this book, Jorge Frozzini and Alexandra Law, two longtime volunteers with a Canadian worker center, draw on their own experience, in-depth interviews, and academic work from the fields of law, communication studies, and social movement theory, to produce a tactically focused, theoretically informed introduction to immigrant worker organizing in a neoliberal era. Frozzini and Law describe the phenomenon of employment precarity in the context of U.S. and Canadian labor history, explaining how union certification and collective bargaining function under the law. Without directing activists toward any single best strategy, they cover tactical and ethical questions raised when organizers offer casework as a recruitment and research tool. The royalties from this book will go to the Immigrant Workers Centre, Montreal.

We estimate the effect of age at arrival for immigrant outcomes with a new dataset of arrivals linked to the 1940 U.S. Census. Using within-family variation, we find that arriving at an older age, or having more childhood exposure to the European environment, led to a more negative wage gap relative to the native born. Infant arrivals had a positive wage gap relative to natives, in contrast to a negative gap for teenage arrivals. Therefore, a key determinant of immigrant outcomes during the Age of Mass Migration was the country of residence during critical periods of childhood development.

This study explores the ways Indigenous social workers experience and learn about colonization and provides suggestions for educators who are tasked with teaching that material. Nine First Nations and Métis social workers in British Columbia were interviewed. Data collection and analysis took place using the research praxis métissage as a theoretical framework and involved semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: colonization as an unnamed lived experience; colonization as academic, cognitive knowledge; and colonization as a personal and professional reality.

According to Edmund Heery, some of the most common types of contingent employer relationships in the sector include short-term contracts, in which workers are laid off after the completion of a job (most common in the industrial and institutional sectors); self-employment or misclassified self-employment (common in the residential sector); and agency models, in which union or non-union hiring halls facilitate the movement of workers from job to job.5 The precarity resulting from a lack of permanence or security of employment is accentuated by spatial instability; workers do not know where they will be working next.[...]Alberta's 2016 budget allocated $34.8 billion in infrastructure spending as part of its Job Plan to mitigate job losses from the declining oil and gas sector.32 Additionally, unlike other blue-collar sectors, which have been declining over the past half century, construction employment tends to follow patterns of economic growth.Because the product of labour is spatially fixed and the work itself requires constant troubleshooting, construction employment is more immune to offshoring and technical displacement than are other goods-producing sectors.33 From 2001 to 2016, the proportion of the workforce employed in construction increased from 5.5 to 7.7 per cent, while the share of employment in manufacturing declined from 15.2 to 9.4 per cent over the same period.34 Construction is also attractive as a path to poverty alleviation for two reasons.[...]although scholars studying employment programs have documented some success, these programs have largely been limited by the highly fragmented organization of the industry, the tight-knit informal relationships among contractors and unions, and the perpetual gender and racial bias in the concept of the skilled worker.The drastic changes occurring in construction, including the weakening strength of traditional unions, the rising dominance of non-unionized work and classcollaborationist unions, and the degradation of working conditions alongside the increased use of foreign workers, are occurring in other sectors as well.[...]it is critical that we understand how the maintenance of racialized job hierarchies and the exclusion of women are connected to labour relations and economic conditions in the sector.