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The global practice of forensic science
\"The Global Practice of Forensic Science presents histories, issues, patterns, and diversity in the applications of international forensic science. Written by 64 experienced and internationally recognized forensic scientists, the volume documents the practice of forensic science in 28 countries from Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia and Europe. Each country's chapter explores factors of political history, academic linkages, the influence of individual cases, facility development, types of cases examined, integration within forensic science, recruitment, training, funding, certification, accreditation, quality control, technology, disaster preparedness, legal issues, research and future directions. Aimed at all scholars interested in international forensic science, the volume provides detail on the diverse fields within forensic science and their applications around the world\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Geoscientists at crime scenes : a companion to forensic geoscience
After the publication of the first Italian book on Forensic Geoscience: \"Geologia Forense\" (Di Maggio, Barone, et al. 2013, Flaccovio Ed.), the international demand to have an international version (in English language) about the new applications of this topic carried out in Italy and the possibility to apply them in international contexts encouraged us to create a new English book based on this. If forensic science is the application of technical and scientific methodologies applied to traditional categories of judicial investigations, in connection with the investigation of a crime or a social behavior, within them a special role is held by forensic geoscience, or the application of different disciplines of Earth Sciences in judicial contexts. Forensic geoscience encompasses some branches of the earth sciences such as geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, geophysics, remote sensing, soil science and archaeology, whose applications may provide a suitable or appropriate environmental interpretation of the surroundings, in the context of numerous types of offences, both criminal and civil. The environmental context can become part of the crime narrative in diverse situations: it can be the place where to hide a body or precious objects, or it may be a witness to a crime. Given the nature of many crime narratives carried out in outdoor areas, the environment, as it is not a closed system, plays a dual role, passive and active. Passive in the sense that it may be the principal repository of clues and evidence that both the victim and/or offender may have been present in a given location. Active since it can be the protagonist of the crime narrative, where, for example, it may have been abused in the design and construction phases of landfill or architectural structures, but also when it leaves proof marks on clothing and objects, such as the soil found on footwear. -- from back cover.
BOOK
African Forensic Sciences Academy (AFSA): An emerging movement in Africa
Forensic science bodies their respective regions and form the foundation for best practice. Until recently, no officially registered body existed that represented all forensic science practitioners across Africa. The African Forensic Sciences Academy (AFSA) was founded in December 2022 for this reason to serve African forensic science practitioners. This article details the progress of AFSA to date, highlights its core values and mission, and outlines the way forward for this newly established Academy.
•Diversity of practice, frameworks and structures in Africa called for a representative body for all forensic scientists.•AFSA is the first formally registered body with independent oversight in Africa for forensic science.•AFSA promotes excellence and integrity in forensic science in Africa.
Journal Article
Computer evidence
\"A crime has occurred. Investigators have not yet found evidence. But when digital analysts arrive, they take a computer from the scene and find their first clue. Find out about the techniques and tools digital forensic investigators use to help bring even the toughest cases to a close\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Are Forensic Experts Biased by the Side That Retained Them?
How objective are forensic experts when they are retained by one of the opposing sides in an adversarial legal proceeding? Despite long-standing concerns from within the legal system, little is known about whether experts can provide opinions unbiased by the side that retained them. In this experiment, we paid 108 forensic psychologists and psychiatrists to review the same offender case files, but deceived some to believe that they were consulting for the defense and some to believe that they were consulting for the prosecution. Participants scored each offender on two commonly used, well-researched risk-assessment instruments. Those who believed they were working for the prosecution tended to assign higher risk scores to offenders, whereas those who believed they were working for the defense tended to assign lower risk scores to the same offenders; the effect sizes (d) ranged up to 0.85. The results provide strong evidence of an allegiance effect among some forensic experts in adversarial legal proceedings.
Journal Article
Microbiome Tools for Forensic Science
Microbes are present at every crime scene and have been used as physical evidence for over a century. Advances in DNA sequencing and computational approaches have led to recent breakthroughs in the use of microbiome approaches for forensic science, particularly in the areas of estimating postmortem intervals (PMIs), locating clandestine graves, and obtaining soil and skin trace evidence. Low-cost, high-throughput technologies allow us to accumulate molecular data quickly and to apply sophisticated machine-learning algorithms, building generalizable predictive models that will be useful in the criminal justice system. In particular, integrating microbiome and metabolomic data has excellent potential to advance microbial forensics.
Microbes have been used as physical evidence for over a century. With recent advances in microbiome science, new opportunities exist for microbiome technologies in forensic science, particularly in the areas of estimating PMIs, location of clandestine graves, and soil and skin trace evidence.
Integrating microbiome and metabolomic data sets has the potential to improve our predictive ability, thereby lowering error rates, which is key to establishing new methods for the criminal justice system.
Low-cost, high-throughput technologies allow us to accumulate data quickly and to apply sophisticated machine-learning algorithms, building generalizable predictive models.
Journal Article
Security, privacy, and digital forensics in the Cloud
This title explains both Cloud security and privacy, and digital forensics in a unique, systematical way. It discusses both security and privacy of Cloud and digital forensics in a systematic way.
Book
A call for more science in forensic science
Forensic science is critical to the administration of justice. The discipline of forensic science is remarkably complex and includes methodologies ranging from DNA analysis to chemical composition to pattern recognition. Many forensic practices developed under the auspices of law enforcement and were vetted primarily by the legal system rather than being subjected to scientific scrutiny and empirical testing. Beginning in the 1990s, exonerations based on DNA-related methods revealed problems with some forensic disciplines, leading to calls for major reforms. This process generated a National Academy of Science report in 2009 that was highly critical of many forensic practices and eventually led to the establishment of the National Commission for Forensic Science (NCFS) in 2013. The NCFS was a deliberative body that catalyzed communication between nonforensic scientists, forensic scientists, and other stakeholders in the legal community. In 2017, despite continuing problems with forensic science, the Department of Justice terminated the NCFS. Just when forensic science needs the most support, it is getting the least. We urge the larger scientific community to come to the aid of our forensic colleagues by advocating for urgently needed research, testing, and financial support.
Journal Article