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"Forest ecology East (U.S.)"
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The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America
Over the last decade, the field of plant ecology has significantly developed and expanded, especially in research concerning the herb layer and ground vegetation of forests. This revised second edition accounts for that growth, presenting research that approaches the ecology of the herb layer of forests from a variety of disciplines and perspectives. The book synthesizes the research of top ecologists and biologists on herbaceous layer structure, composition, and dynamics of a variety of forest ecosystem types in eastern North America. The 2003 first edition of this book was praised for containing the most extensive listing of herb-layer literature in existence. This second edition brings this material up to date, revised to include current research and data. The book incorporates quantitative data to support analyses that was previously unavailable during the publication of the first edition. Also featured are six entirely new chapters, focused on the response of the herbaceous layer to a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic disturbances.
eBook
Teaching the Trees
In these natural-history essays, biologist Joan Maloof embarks on a series of lively, fact-filled expeditions into forests of the eastern United States. Through her engaging, conversational style, each essay offers a lesson in stewardship as it explores the connections between a tree species and the animals and insects whose lives depend on it.
eBook
Eastern Deciduous Forest
This new edition includes the most up-to-date information on the forest and its wildlife, with special attention given to contemporary conservation issues. The result is a timely and useful tool for anyone who wants to know or hopes to help one of North America’s great natural resources.
eBook
Numerical and Behavioral Effects Within a Pulse-driven System: Consequences for Shared Prey
Some of the clearest examples of the ramifying effects of resource pulses exist in deciduous forests dominated by mast-producing trees, such as oaks, beech, and hornbeam. Seed production in these forests represents only the first of several pulsed events. Secondary pulses emerge as mast-consuming small rodents numerically respond to seed production and tertiary pulses emerge as generalist predators numerically respond to rodents. Raptors may also respond behaviorally (i.e., diet shifts) to subsequent crashes in small rodents following the crash phase in seed production. In oak-dominated forest in the Hudson Valley, New York, these various pulse and crash phases act synergistically, although not simultaneously, to influence thrush population dynamics through predation on nests, juveniles, and adults. As a consequence, factors limiting population growth rate and their age-specific action vary as a function of past acorn production. We highlight these interactions based on our eight-year study of thrush demography, acorn production, and small mammal abundance coupled with information on regional adult thrush population trends from the Breeding Bird Survey. We use these data sets to demonstrate the sequence of primary to tertiary pulses and how they influence breeding thrush populations. To extend our discussion beyond masting phenomena in the eastern United States, we briefly review the literature of alternative avian prey within pulsed systems to show (1) numerical and behavioral responses by generalist predators are ubiquitous in pulsed systems, and this contributes to (2) variability in reproduction and survivorship of avian prey linked to the underlying dynamics of the pulse. We conclude by exploring the broad consequences of cascading resource pulses for alternative prey based upon the indirect interaction of apparent competition among shared prey and the nature of temporal variability on populations.
Journal Article
Forests for the people : the story of America's eastern national forests
\"Forests for the People tells one of the most extraordinary stories of environmental protection in our nation's history: how a diverse coalition of citizens, organizations, and business and political leaders worked to create a system of national forests in the Eastern United States. It offers an insightful and wide-ranging look at the actions leading to the passage of the Weeks Act in 1911--landmark legislation that established a system of well-managed forests in the East, the South, and the Great Lakes region--along with case studies that consider some of the key challenges facing eastern forests today.The book begins by looking at destructive practices widely used by the timber industry in the late 1800s and early 1900s, including extensive clearcutting followed by forest fire that devastated entire landscapes. The authors explain how this led to the birth of a new conservation movement that began simultaneously in the Southern Appalachians and New England, and describe the subsequent protection of forests in New England (New Hampshire and the White Mountains); the Great Lakes region (Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota), and the Southern Appalachians.Following this historical background, the authors offer eight case studies that examine critical issues facing the eastern national forests today, including timber harvesting, the use of fire, wilderness protection, endangered wildlife, oil shale drilling, invasive species, and development surrounding national park borders.Forests for the People is the only book to fully describe the history of the Weeks Act and the creation of the eastern national forests and to use case studies to illustrate current management issues facing these treasured landscapes. It is an important new work for anyone interested in the past or future of forests and forestry in the United States.\".
eBook
Twilight of the Hemlocks and Beeches
In this magnificently illustrated book, conservationist and
celebrated outdoors photographer Tim Palmer launches us on a
revealing journey among the hemlock and beech trees that have for
millennia towered over America's eastern woodlands.
The eastern hemlock and North American beech once thrived from
Maine to Georgia, casting shade on trout streams, nourishing
wildlife large and small, and gracing uncounted valleys,
mountainsides, parks, and backyards. These trees now face tragic
decimation by exotic insects and pathogens. Palmer's photos record
the splendor of the cherished hemlock and beech in the same way
that pictures of iconic, historic buildings commemorate classic
landmarks gone the way of the wrecking ball. And yet, as Palmer
underscores in his final chapter, the lessons learned as we address
the fate of these trees can help us chart a better course for all
wooded landscapes in the years ahead. This story of loss,
scientific inquiry, and prospective recovery is vital to
understanding nature in our time.
As an act of artistic preservation, a report on the science
vital to the survival of these trees, and a call to action,
Twilight of the Hemlocks and Beeches assures a lasting
legacy for this irreplaceable forest community. With more than one
hundred exquisite full-color photographs, this book is a must-have
for outdoor enthusiasts, natural historians, ecologists, and all
lovers of nature.
eBook
Temporal and spatial patterns in fire occurrence during the establishment of mixed-oak forests in eastern North America
Question: What was the role of fire during the establishment of the current overstory (ca. 1870-1940) in mixed-oak forests of eastern North America? Location: Nine sites representing a 240-km latitudinal gradient on the Allegheny and Cumberland Plateaus of eastern North America. Methods: Basal cross-sections were collected from 225 trees. Samples were surfaced, and fire scars were dated. Fire history diagrams were constructed and fire return intervals were calculated for each site. Geographic patterns of fire occurrence, and fire-climate relationships were assessed. Results: Fire was a frequent and widespread occurrence during the formation of mixed-oak forests, which initiated after large-scale land clearing in the region ca. 1870. Fire return ranged from 1.7 to 11.1 years during a period of frequent burning from 1875 to 1936. Fires were widespread during this period, sometimes occurring across the study region in the same year. Fires occurred in a variety of climate conditions, including both drought and non-drought years. Fires were rare from 1936 to the present. Conclusions: A variety of fire regime characteristics were discerned. First, a period of frequent fire lasted approximately 60 years during the establishment of the current oak overstory. Second, fire occurred during a variety of climate conditions, including wet climates and extreme drought. Finally, there was within-site temporal variability in fire occurrence. These reference conditions could be mimicked in ongoing oak restoration activities, improving the likelihood of restoration success. Nomenclature: Gleason & Cronquist (1991).
Journal Article
