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"Forest protection"
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Spatial Model of Fire Vulnerability Distribution Based on Multicriteria in Tropical Forest Areas, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
The problem of fire always threatens the existence of forests in Indonesia, repeatedly occurring every year, so it becomes one of the national and regional issues, both occurring naturally and caused by human actions. This study aims to develop a spatial analysis model of the multi-criteria-based fire vulnerability distribution in tropical forest areas. Modeling using GIS and spatial correlation analysis. In a tropical forest area of 7,042.29 Ha in the Tepo Asa Aroa KPH area, North Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi, a spatial model of the distribution of fire vulnerability based on multi-criteria was produced, which could support rapid mapping of fire-prone forest areas. The results of the analysis of variables on land use/vegetation cover, rainfall, slope, distance from roads and settlements, business permits, forest protection, and security simultaneously made it possible to lower the fire vulnerability rating from ‘very high’ and ‘high’ to a ‘medium’ vulnerability rating. ‘ to ‘low’ and ‘very low’. All parameters tested statistically have a spatial correlation with fire vulnerability
Journal Article
The lonely giant
\"In the middle of a vast forest lives a giant who spends his days hurling and heaving, smashing and bashing. Over time, the animals flee as their homes vanish, the birdsong dwindles away to silence, and, finally, the forest itself disappears. Now the lonely giant misses the crackling warmth of a fire and the sweet songs of the yellow bird--but will he realize it's up to him to restore what he loves?\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Deforestation trends in the congo basin
The Congo Basin represents 70 percent of the African continent's forest cover and constitutes a large portion of Africa's biodiversity. The objective of the two-year exercise was to analyze and get a better grasp of the deforestation dynamics in the Basin. The primary goal of the exercise was to give stakeholders (and particularly policy makers) a thorough understanding of how economic activities (agriculture, transport, mining, energy, and logging) could impact the region's forest cover through an in-depth analysis of the connections between economic developments and forest loss. Historically, the Congo Basin forest has been under comparatively little pressure, but there are signs that this situation is likely to change as pressure on the forest and other ecosystems increases. Until very recently, low population density, unrest and war, and low levels of development hampered conversion of forests into other land uses; however, satellite-based monitoring data now show that the annual rates of gross deforestation in the Basin have doubled since 1990. There is indeed some evidence that the Basin forests may be at a turning point of heading to higher deforestation and forest degradation rates. The forest ecosystems have not yet suffered the damage observed in other tropical regions (Amazonia, Southeast Asia) and are quite well preserved. The low deforestation rates mainly result from a combination of such factors as poor infrastructure, low population densities, and political instability that have led to the so-called passive protection. However, signs that the Congo Basin forests could be under increasing pressure from a variety of forces-both internal and external range from mineral extraction, road development, agribusiness, and biofuels to agriculture expansion for subsistence and population growth. All of these factors could drastically amplify the pressure on natural forests in the coming decades and trigger the transition from the 'high forest/low deforestation' profile into a more intense pace of deforestation.
eBook
RNA Interference-Based Forest Protection Products (FPPs) Against Wood-Boring Coleopterans: Hope or Hype?
Three-tier impact of forest protection products (FPPs). Forest insects are emerging in large extension in response to ongoing climatic changes, penetrating geographic barriers, utilizing novel hosts, and influencing many hectares of conifer forests worldwide. Current management strategies have been unable to keep pace with forest insect population outbreaks, and therefore novel and aggressive management strategies are urgently required to manage forest insects. RNA interference (RNAi), a Noble Prize-winning discovery, is an emerging approach that can be used for forest protection. The RNAi pathway is triggered by dsRNA molecules, which, in turn, silences genes and disrupts protein function, ultimately causing the death of the targeted insect. RNAi is very effective against pest insects; however, its proficiency varies significantly among insect species, tissues, and genes. The coleopteran forest insects are susceptible to RNAi and can be the initial target, but we lack practical means of delivery, particularly in systems with long-lived, endophagous insects such as the Emerald ash borer, Asian longhorn beetles, and bark beetles. The widespread use of RNAi in forest pest management has major challenges, including its efficiency, target gene selection, dsRNA design, lack of reliable dsRNA delivery methods, non-target and off-target effects, and potential resistance development in wood-boring pest populations. This review focuses on recent innovations in RNAi delivery that can be deployed against forest pests, such as cationic liposome-assisted (lipids), nanoparticle-enabled (polymers or peptides), symbiont-mediated (fungi, bacteria, and viruses), and plant-mediated deliveries (trunk injection, root absorption). Our findings guide future risk analysis of dsRNA-based forest protection products (FPPs) and risk assessment frameworks incorporating sequence complementarity-based analysis for off-target predictions. This review also points out barriers to further developing RNAi for forest pest management and suggests future directions of research that will build the future use of RNAi against wood-boring coleopterans.
Journal Article
The overstory : a novel
A novel of activism and natural-world power presents interlocking fables about nine remarkable strangers who are summoned in different ways by trees for an ultimate, brutal stand to save the continent's few remaining acres of virgin forest.
Book
Ecological programs changed the forest landscape pattern in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020
Context
The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is a key ecological barrier in China. The Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and Grain for Green Program (GGP) are ecological restoration programs implemented in response to the deterioration of China’s ecological environment. It is essential to understand how the NFPP and GGP protect forest resources to appreciate how they support the restoration of the forest ecosystem in the YRB.
Objectives
Evaluating the effects of the two ecological programs on forest resources provides a solid scientific basis for maintaining the forest ecosystem’s stability in the YRB.
Methods
Based on the 30 m resolution land cover products in 2000, 2010, and 2020, this study analyzed the dynamic changes of landscape patterns in the YRB from 2000 to 2020 through GuidosToolbox spatial analysis software.
Results
In the past 20 years, the area of cropland in the YRB decreased by 4.13%, while the area of forest and grassland increased by 1.34% and 0.56%, respectively. The core area, which is important for maintaining the stability of the forest ecosystem, increased by 0.55%. The area with low fragmentation increased by 0.91%. In the natural forest, the core area increased by 1.20%. In the range of the GGP, 28.20% of cropland area was transferred out, of which over 80% was converted to forest and grassland.
Conclusions
These findings demonstrated an improvement in forest area and quality of the YRB between 2000 and 2020. The NFPP and GGP have greatly aided in the restoration of the forest ecosystem, which will support the ecosystem’s high-quality development in the YRB.
Journal Article
Protecting land
Presents twelve tips for protecting land, including composting and supporting conservation groups, and explains how each action positively impacts the environment.
Book
Coordinated Development of Forests and Society: Insights and Lessons from Natural Forest Restoration and Regional Development in China
Mitigating and avoiding social unrest caused by ecological forest restoration is a key factor in the coordinated development of forests and society. Forests, which are intricately linked with society, serve as a vital source of timber, non-timber forest products, and ecosystem services. Ecological forest restoration projects must carefully consider the relationship between forests and society to promote their coordinated development. As a key implementation area for the Natural Forest Resource Protection Project, the state-owned forest regions in Northeast China have experienced a crisis regarding harvestable resources and social unrest caused by protection policies and are currently innovating in policies and practices to mitigate social unrest. This study focuses on the history of natural forest resource conservation projects in China’s state-owned forest areas as a case study for empirical research, aiming to provide insights into ecological restoration models that foster harmony between forests and society. The empirical analyses reveal the following findings: (1) As a result of strict protection, natural forest resources on state-owned land have transitioned from providing timber to ecosystem services and non-timber products. (2) The strict logging ban policy has led to severe resource shortages; from 2000 to 2020, for every 10,000 cubic meter decrease in timber harvest, the per capita output in state-owned forest areas has dropped by more than CNY 500 (approximately USD 70). (3) Proactive ecological restoration can effectively alleviate social unrest; from 2000 to 2020, for every additional 10,000 hectares of forest tending, the average wage increased by more than CNY 900 (approximately USD 127). (4) Regional transformation can effectively generate a buffer effect to mitigate social unrest caused by strict forest protection policies and leverage the beneficial resources produced by ecological forest restoration to develop new drivers of economic growth. By systematically reviewing the comprehensive implementation of the NFPP, this paper’s findings provide insights into ecological restoration strategies that promote the harmonious development of forests and society.
Journal Article