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Childhood obesity is a worldwide issue, and effective methods encouraging children to adopt healthy diet and physical activity behaviors are needed. This viewpoint addresses the promise of serious video games, and why they may offer one method for helping children eat healthier and become more physically active. Lessons learned are provided, as well as examples gleaned from personal experiences.

In many universities, training research is applied in courses as a basic element of research and fundamental in the professional training of every student, which result in strengthening and increasing knowledge about certain areas, as well as to achieve skills, competence, abilities and attitudes. The present work shows the formal application experience of the Project Based Learning (ABPr) methodology in Database Course (BD) at the Professional School of Systems Engineering (EPIS) of the National University of San Agustín (UNSA), Arequipa-Peru, accommodating the nature of the course being the theory taught by a teacher and laboratory practices by another teacher. The goal is to apply an active teaching strategy to an engineering training course. The methodology used is Project-Based Learning for a research project training for a real problem in an organization to be developed by each team in the semester, with deliverables that will be evaluated by grade scale and the formative research report assessed through the rubric; the input and feedback that the teacher makes of them serves for the improvement and experience in the training of the student. The results obtained show that the objectives in the training of students were achieved, as well as the development of the competencies related to the course, in addition that the application of ABPr gives good results for courses of an engineering career serving as feedback for the continuous improvement of this course and experience for the implementation of ABPr in other curriculum courses. Concluding that formative research as a pillar of a basic level of research initiation is given in a cross-cutting way in the curriculum courses, that the active teaching strategies properly planned and properly applied to each reality allow to achieve the desired results such as: increase knowledge of the area, strengthen skills, abilities, attitudes as the case of the present.

The Cholera-Hospital-Based-Intervention-for-7-Days (CHoBI7) is a handwashing with soap and water treatment intervention program delivered by a health promoter bedside in a health facility and through home visits to diarrhea patients and their household members during the 7 days after admission to a health facility. In a randomized controlled trial among cholera patient households in Bangladesh, the 7-day CHoBI7 program resulted in a significant reduction in cholera among household members of cholera patients and sustained improvements in drinking water quality and handwashing with soap practices 12 months post-intervention. In an effort to take this intervention to scale across Bangladesh in partnership with the Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, this study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of mobile health (mHealth) programs as a low-cost, scalable approach for CHoBI7 program delivery. Formative research for the development of the CHoBI7 mHealth intervention included 40 semi-structured interviews, 4 mHealth workshops, 2 group discussions, and a pilot study of 52 households to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the developed mHealth program. Thematic analysis of the interviews and group discussions was conducted by two individuals separately based on emergent themes, and then themes were compared and discussed. A theory- and evidence-based approach using qualitative research methods was implemented to design the CHoBI7 mHealth program. Semi-structured interviews with government stakeholders identified perceptions and preferences for scaling the CHoBI7 mHealth program. Group discussions and semi-structured interviews with diarrhea patients and their family members identified beneficiary perceptions of mHealth and preferences for CHoBI7 mHealth program delivery. mHealth workshops were conducted as an interactive approach to draft and refine mobile message content based on stakeholder preferences. The pilot findings indicate that the CHoBI7 mHealth program has high user acceptability and is feasible to deliver to diarrhea patients that present at health facilities for treatment in Bangladesh. Both text and voice messages were recommended for program delivery. Dr. Chobi, the sender of mHealth messages, was viewed as a credible source of information that could be shared with others. This study presents a theory- and evidence-based approach that can be implemented for the development of future water, sanitation, and hygiene mHealth programs in low-resource settings.

Background Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of global maternal deaths, accounting for 30–50% of maternal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Most PPH-related deaths are preventable with timely detection and initiation of care, which may be facilitated by using a clinical care bundle. We explore influences on current PPH detection and management and on the future implementation of a new PPH bundle (E-MOTIVE) in low-resource, high-burden settings. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework were conducted with 45 healthcare providers across nine hospitals in Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa, to identify barriers and enablers to current PPH detection and management and future implementation of a new PPH care bundle. Data were analysed using thematic and framework analysis. The Behaviour Change Wheel was used to identify potential interventions to address identified barriers and enablers. Results Influences on current PPH detection and management fell under 12 domains: Environmental Context and Resources (drug and staff shortages), Skills (limited in-service training), Knowledge (variable understanding of the recommended practice), Behaviour Regulation (limited quality improvement culture), Beliefs about Consequences (drawbacks from inaccurate detection), Emotion (stress from the unpredictability of PPH), Social Influence (teamwork), Memory, Attention and Decision-making (limited guideline use), Social/Professional Role and Identity (role clarity), Beliefs about Capabilities (confidence in managing PPH), Reinforcement (disciplinary procedures) and Goals (PPH as a priority). Influences on bundle uptake included: Beliefs about Consequences (perceived benefits of new blood loss measurement tool), Environmental Context and Resources (high cost of drugs and new tools), Memory, Attention and Decision-making (concerns about whether bundle fits current practice), Knowledge (not understanding ‘bundled’ approach), Social Influence (acceptance by women and staff) and Intention (limited acceptance of ‘bundled' approach over existing practice). These influences were consistent across countries. Proposed interventions included: Education, Training, Modelling (core and new skills), Enablement (monitoring uptake), Persuasion (leadership role) and Environmental Restructuring (PPH emergency trolley/kit). Conclusions A wide range of individual, socio-cultural and environmental barriers and enablers to improving PPH detection and management exist in these settings. We identified a range of interventions that could improve PPH care and the implementation of new care bundles in this context. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT04341662

Objective: The objective of this study is communicating the strategies based on two active methodologies in order to contribute to finish undergraduate studies in a computer science degree in the face of the universal problem called All but Dissertation (ABD).   Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts concerning to ABD and active methodologies: challenge-based learning and formative research are synthesized. These theoretical references were chosen for their significant contribution.   Method: The methodology descriptive, adopted for this research comprises the Evidence-based software engineering. Data collection is based on observations and analysis of the defended productions.   Results and Discussion: The results revealed the importance of capitalizing on students' knowledge, experiences and practices to solve problems of the context, in articulation with final degree productions. As a limitation, the data correspond to the 2022 year.   Research Implications: Contribution of new evidence to previous findings, incorporating other active strategies to mitigate the prolongation of studies in Computer Science careers, given its great labor demand. Articulation between the university and the software industry, to influence other similar professional fields without spatio-temporal limitations.   Originality/Value: The findings provide evidence to contribute to the study the ABD syndrome. The ICT products belonged to these graduation projects are highlighted, representing knowledge, practices and artifacts aimed at proposing real solutions to problems identified in the context.

Plain language summary Despite the implementation of various interventions to prevent female genital mutilation (FGM), it is still widely practiced in Guinea, and health care providers are increasingly being implicated in the practice. We conducted research in three regions of Guinea, namely, Faranah, Labe and Conakry, to understand factors that might be addressed to strengthen the role of the health sector in prevention and care of women and girls who have undergone FGM. Our findings highlight the need to strengthen the capacity of health care providers to be able to identify cases of FGM and manage complications. The study also highlights the importance of engaging health care providers in efforts to prevent FGM, which will require that any trainings include an opportunity to discuss their own values and beliefs around FGM so that they are better equipped to communicate with their clients and patients in a sensitive and non-judgmental manner, whether during consultation visits or community health outreach activities. The results of this research have informed the development of a health system strengthening intervention package for the prevention and care of FGM, which is being tested in Kenya, Somalia, and Guinea.

When developing behavior change interventions in a systematic way, it is important to select determinants relevant to the target behavior. Data is needed to gain insight into the determinant structures (the relative strengths of associations between determinants and behavior) and their univariate distributions. This insight is crucial to select the most relevant determinants, but at the same time institutions tasked with behavior change (e.g. prevention organizations, municipal health services) often operate under prohibitive resource constraints, which also extend to how easily they can collect data from a sample. This paper introduces CIBERlite - an approach that furnishes the intervention developer with an idea of the relevance of a limited number of determinants using short measurements informed by theory. The first study (N = 401) in a series of three explores the convergent validity of short and full measurements of determinants derived from the Reasoned Action Approach. The short measurements are used in the main study (N = 415) that serves as a proof-of-concept for the CIBERlite plot, an efficient visualization combining data of determinant structures and their univariate distributions for eight behaviors. The unexpected patterns detected in the main study led to an expert estimation study (N = 45), which shows that individual experts have difficulty in predicting how people score on determinants. This stresses the importance of conducting determinant studies and CIBERlite is a valuable alternative to do so if resources are limited.

Background The vaccination of the Rohingya refugees and host communities against COVID-19 in Cox’s Bazar started in August 2021. Government authorities and Non-Government Organisation partners implemented a project around the initial period of vaccination to improve awareness and access to target beneficiaries. We conducted formative research to understand the programmatic approach of this project and identify potential challenges and community perceptions regarding immunisation against COVID-19. Methodology This was formative research in which we used a qualitative method of data collection. Purposively chosen 12 key-informant interviews and conveniently chosen 20 in-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview guidelines from August to September 2022 in the Rohingya camp and host communities of Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh. Ethical approval was obtained from the North South University Institutional Review Board, and written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. We used a thematic analysis approach to analyse the data. Results The project neither provided any promotional or tailored messages regarding the COVID-19 vaccine nor conducted any vaccine hesitancy surveys before implementing the project. The project did not provide any storage facilities for the vaccines’ cold chain management but provided transport support to carry the vaccines from the district to the sub-district level. Community leaders were included in the decision-making process during local-level planning of the vaccination programme. The project supported the reporting of any adverse effects following immunisation from community members to the government health authorities. Vaccine hesitancy among participants was high in the early stages, but mass campaigns and vaccination of frontline health workers increased their acceptance. The major challenges reported by the informants were low budget and lower salaries of field staff, stacking of the registration process at the beginning, reluctance of participants, inadequate transportation and manpower, and inadequate baby feeding corners at vaccination centers. Conclusion The findings from our study will help policymakers from the Government, the UN, and other humanitarian agencies to adapt and better address the issue of vaccine acceptance and strengthen the vaccination programme.

Background To explore acceptable strategies and feasibility of intimate partner violence (IPV) screening at assisted reproductive technology (ART) hospitals, from the perspective of healthcare providers. Methods Drawing on programmatic qualitative research design, this study used in-depth interviews to elicit experiences and opinions of clinicians who provided ART services in selected hospitals in Beijing, Anhui Province, Guangdong Province, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Reigion. Results A total of 14 ART doctors and nurses joined our study. We found that clinicians encountered suspected cases of IPV victimization and that several reported having applied strategies to identify IPV in medical practice. Acceptable strategies mentioned by clinicians include identifying key patients of concern during ART service delivery, and thereafter following up with case management. Most healthcare providers mentioned that challenges to IPV screening at ART clinics would include its incompatibility between clinical workflow, clinic venue-specific disadvantages for routinized IPV screening, and limited capacity of the healthcare workforce to respond to IPV. Conclusions Healthcare providers at ART clinics have commonly encountered infertility patients who fell victim to IPV. Screening for IPV is deemed possible only if risk stratification is implemented. Several health system-level challenges should be addressed to mobilize and incentive healthcare providers to engage more with IPV screening.

We conducted formative research to inform the creation of innovative new tools and strategies to engage professionals in communicating with youth with intellectual disabilities about sexual health. The research was guided by a multidisciplinary network of experts and an advisory board of self-advocates with intellectual disabilities and caregivers that make up Project SHINE: the Sexual Health Innovation Network for Equitable Education. A cross-sectional mixed-methods study utilized survey data from 632 disability support professionals who provide services to youth ages 16–24 with intellectual disabilities (ID). We then conducted focus groups with 36 professionals to obtain more in-depth information related to organizational support needs and suitable contexts, methods, and tools for sexuality education. Participants included licensed/credentialed direct service professionals (social workers, nurses, teachers), non-licensed direct service providers (case managers, supportive care specialists, residential care line staff), and program administrators. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses triangulated the findings across four content areas: attitudes about providing sexual health information to youth with ID, preparedness to communicate about sexuality, current communication practices, and professional needs in the field for new teaching tools and methods. We discuss how findings can be used to guide the creation and successful implementation of innovative new sexual health learning tools for youth with intellectual disabilities.