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Abstract Abe Fortas (1910-1982) has been best known for service during his legal career as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States for four years from 1965 to 1969. His supporters have characterized his life as a lawyer who supported and defended the American Civil Rights Movement during the tumultuous periods of the 1950s and 1960s in the United States. However, observers of his career have paid little attention to the fact that Fortas was one of the few American bureaucrats who took the stand in defense of those of Japanese ancestry in the official hearings in the 1980sinvestigating the internment of Japanese Americans during World War ii. Fortas, as undersecretary in the Department of the Interior from 1942 to 1946, had a close relationship to key U.S. policies dealing with people of Japanese ancestry during the Asia-Pacific War, including the establishment of martial law in Hawai'i and the ending of the Japanese internment. Fortas's responses to and critiques of U.S. policy regarding the Japanese American question reveal the intertwined dynamics of how white racism developed and challenges against it at the governmental level.

Like Gerald Gault, many of these youth are committed to long-term state custody or even waived to adult court, despite having been denied this most crucial of constitutional protections. Since 2012, the DOJ's Civil Rights Division has conducted extensive investigations and issued reports documenting due process violations in three juvenile courts: the city of Meridian, Mississippi (2012); Shelby County, Tennessee (2012); and St. Louis County, Missouri (2015). According to the DOJ statement, \"children are denied their right to counsel not only when an attorney is entirely absent, but also when an attorney is available in name only.\" * NJDC, too, has conducted assessments of juvenile indigent defense delivery systems around the country. [...]public defender offices should establish specialized children's defense units, hire and train attorneys specifically for those units (rather than using them as a training ground for adult defenders), and advocate vigorously for adequate funding to ensure every child charged with delinquency has a skilled, well-trained, free defender with sufficient time and resources throughout the course of his or her juvenile justice system involvement.

Debates on postcolonialism and neocolonialism in Latin American musicology and ethnomusicology are embryonic, reflecting socioeconomic asymmetries and an imbalance in academic contributions. This article contributes to the nascent literature by providing a musicological case study of the development of prominent Puerto Rican musical institutions (the Festival Casals, Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra, and Puerto Rico Conservatory) as expressions of US neocolonialism. Although Casals's legacy may arguably be praiseworthy in some respects, Festival Casals Inc., tethered to Operación Serenidad, embodies developmental policies that express US values along political, economic, and cultural lines and are best appraised through postcolonial history. Los debates sobre el poscolonialismo y el neocolonialismo en la musicología latinoamericana y la etnomusicología siguen siendo embrionarios, reflejando asimetrías socioeconómicas y un desequilibrio en las contribuciones académicas. En este artículo contribuyo a la naciente literatura proporcionando un estudio de estudio musicológico sobre el desarrollo de destacadas instituciones musicales puertorriqueñas (el Festival Casals, la Orquesta Sinfónica de Puerto Rico y el Conservatorio de Puerto Rico) como expresiones del neocolonialismo estadounidense. Mientras que el legado de Casals puede ser digno de elogio en algunos aspectos, el Festival Casals Inc., atado a la Operación Serenidad, encarna políticas de desarrollo que expresan los valores estadounidenses a lo largo de líneas políticas, económicas y culturales y son mejor valoradas atraves de la historia postcolonial.

McMahon presents an obituary for Mathilde Krim, a founding chairman of The Foundation for AIDS Research, or amfAR, who died Jan 15, 2018 at her home on Long Island NY at the age of 91. Identified her as an AIDS activist: The New York Times, for example, described her as a \"Mobilizing Force in an AIDS Crusade,\" while The Washington Post deemed her a \"Scientist Turned Activist Who Helped Strip AIDS of Its Stigma.\"

Some revere Luis Muñoz Marín (1898–1980); others condemn him. The author lived years of her childhood and adolescence in Puerto Rico, when prosperity—to a great extent the result of Luis Muñoz Marín’s leadership—promised a socioeconomic reality different from the current one. To understand his life and legacy, she interviewed in San Juan his daughter Senator Victoria Muñoz Mendoza (1940– ), spoke with professors, authors, and a spectrum of other individuals, and spent time at the archives of the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation. The Foundation is a welcome oasis in an island where, despite its natural beauties, 21st century quandaries and traffic jams abound. Landing in the international airport named in Muñoz Marín’s honor, she heard a Puerto Rican airline employee say that today Muñoz Marín is a fish out of water.