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To solve the problem that the traditional empirical method is not universal, the regional multivariable settlement prediction model is constructed and applied to the settlement prediction of high-rise residential buildings in Liaocheng. The regional multivariable settlement prediction model is constructed as follows: Based on the measured data of the settlement of high-rise residential buildings in the region, the regional foundation settlement law is fitted with the BNGM (1,1) model. Then, the final settlement value of the building is fitted by multiple nonlinear regression model. Finally, the regional multivariable settlement prediction model is obtained by combining the regional foundation settlement law and the final settlement of buildings. The case study results show that, compared with the Logistic models, the regional multivariable settlement prediction model has higher accuracy and reliability; the comparative analysis of the measured settlement of high-rise residential buildings shows that the actual foundation settlement of high-rise residential buildings under similar conditions in the region can be accurately demonstrated by the regional foundation settlement law. The regional multivariable settlement prediction model has high accuracy and good universality.

The superstructure of the metro depot is not only convenient for traffic but also solves the land-use problem. However, the construction of the superstructure comes after the metro depot has been put into normal operation. The foundation of the depot is bound to produce secondary settlement. Based on the calculation method of the friction-end bearing pile of Mindlin’s solution in the specification, the superstructure construction project above the Beijing Guogongzhuang metro depot is taken as the basis. Under certain conditions, the settlement of the pile foundation under the action of secondary load and the influence on the track structure are calculated. Moreover, the finite element analysis software ANSYS 18.0 is used to establish the analysis model of the construction of the superstructure of the applied depot. The results show that the influence of the pile foundation settlement produces a certain additional influence on the surrounding tracks, and the maximum value locates at the center of the bearing platform and gradually decreases outward. Under the conditions of informative construction, uniform loading of the structure and control of the construction process, local bias loads and uneven settlements are avoided. The impact of the construction on the track can be effectively controlled, and the impact on the structure can be kept within the allowable limits. By comparing this instance with a number of similar superstructure projects in Beijing, this study shows that the overall risk of this type of project can be controlled and can provide a technical reference for similar superstructure projects on top of a metro depot construction in the future.

Dynamic loading causes (1) a substantial change in the strength and deformation parameters of sandy soil and (2) excessive viscoplastic deformation. The goal of this study is to create a new analytical solution to the problem of the settlement of (1) the foundation that is the source of dynamic loading, and (2) a nearby foundation, taking into account the rheological properties of sandy soil subjected to vibration, given that these rheological properties depend on shear stresses. The proposed solution allows the progress of deformation over time to be described. The present paper states and provides an analytical solution for the problem of evaluating the settlement of a single foundation that transmits static and dynamic harmonic pressure to the base. The authors also analyze the settlement of another foundation located at some distance from the transmitting foundation. The second foundation transmits static pressure to the base. The dependence of the viscosity coefficient on the shear stress intensity and vibration intensity, as well as the vibrocreep decay over time, are based on the exponential and homographic dependencies previously identified by two of the authors (A.Z. Ter-Martirosyan and E.S. Sobolev). The solution to the problem is obtained by numerical integration in the Mathcad program of an analytical expression for nonlinear viscoplastic deformations. As a result of the research, the authors have found that the dynamic viscoplastic component makes the greatest contribution to foundation settlement. The settlement of the transmitting foundation increases along with increasing static and dynamic pressure transmitted to the base. The settlement of the nearby foundation increases when the pressure increases under the foundation, but it reduces when static pressure from the transmitting foundation, the depth of the foundation, and the distance between the foundations increase. General analytical dependencies obtained by the authors comply with the results of laboratory and field experiments performed by other researchers. These dependencies can be used to predict the settlement of foundations in whose unsaturated sandy bases mechanical vibrations propagate.

The timely identification of differential settlement of track foundations is of great significance for the safety of train operation and the maintenance of track structures. However, traditional monitoring techniques cannot meet the requirements of efficient, real-time, and automatic monitoring of track foundation settlement. In order to solve these problems, a real-time identification method based on a gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network is proposed for the differential settlement of track foundations monitoring. According to parameter sensitivity analysis, the vertical acceleration of the vehicle is selected as the known data fed into the GRU network for differential settlement identification. Then the GRU network is employed to establish the nonlinear relationship between the vertical acceleration of the vehicle and the differential settlement of the track foundation. The results indicate that the longitudinal continuous differential settlement distribution curve of track foundations could be accurately identified with GRU neural network through the real-time vibration response of the vehicle–track. The current method may provide a new means for the real-time and efficient identification of the differential settlement of track foundations.

For the vacuum preloading foundation treatment project, water covering construction is often carried out during vacuum pumping. It is very inconvenient for the monitoring personnel to measure the readings in the water with layered settlement instruments and equipment. This paper introduces an assembly method of foundation layered settlement monitoring device, including the assembly process of the monitoring device itself and the assembly process of embedding the monitoring device in the foundation. It has the advantages of simple structure, simple installation and stable data. It can realize the in-situ monitoring of different foundations, save manpower and material resources, and greatly improve the monitoring efficiency and accuracy.

With the rapid development of the tourism industry, the visual value of ancient buildings gradually increases. And the prediction and protection of ancient building foundation settlement based on neural networks have been developed. When traditional methods are used to monitor and predict the settlement and deformation of ancient building foundations, complex factors such as water environment and geological conditions can bring noise to the experimental results. Deep belief was introduced into grey artificial neural networks to effectively denoise the corresponding model and enhance its ability to process data. And stress analysis was conducted on the ancient building foundation in the experiment to generate a composite model. Experiments were conducted on the Abfound dataset and three models were comparedto verify the predictive ability for ancient buildings, including random forest, to verify the superiority of the model. The dimensionality reduction capabilities of four models for building data were 4.6, 3.6, 3.2, and 3.9, respectively, indicating that the optimized model could effectively handle a large amount of data. The composite model had the highest accuracy in predicting the settlement of ancient building foundations, with an experimental data of 99.2%. These experiments confirmed that the proposed composite algorithm performed best in terms of noise reduction and prediction ability, and was suitable for predicting the settlement deformation of ancient building foundations.

In concrete bridge widening projects, it is a common practice to provide a monolithic connection between the existing and new decks by casting an in situ concrete stitching slab. As a result, the differential foundation settlement between the two decks has a considerable effect on the concrete stitching slab and the widened bridge. The widened bridge noted as multi-girder bridge is a simple-supported, precast, voided-slab bridge, located on the Beijing–Shanghai Expressway in east of China. When using a grillage Finite Element Model (FEM) to model the mechanical behavior of the multi-girder bridge after it has been widened, the general approach to account for the effect of differential foundation settlement is to load a calculated forced vertical displacement to the bearing of each precast slab of the new bridge. However, there is no suitable mathematical model to be used for calculating the forced displacement for all new slab beams, which requires the ability to describe the transverse distribution mode of these forced displacement under a given differential foundation settlement. Under this background, an experimental study and finite element analysis are conducted to find this suitable mathematical model in this paper. Based on a comprehensive research results, a quadratic curve model was considered to be a suitable mathematical model to meet the design need of such type of widened multi-girder bridge, and its quadratic equation was also derived in the paper. This finding is the key assumption for accurately analyzing the mechanical behavior of a widened multi-girder bridge, with a grillage finite element model.

The official date of the Novosibirsk (Novo-Nikolaevsk) city foundation, established in the early 1990s, was the result of an opportunistic ideological agreement between Soviet party and economic bodies, representatives of science and the public. The city formation was considered both in the event and in the legal aspect. The article is based on the terms, accepted in science: \"foundation of a settlement\" and \"transformation of a settlement into a city\". In chronological order, based on archival sources, the main foundation stages of the settlement and its transformation into the city of Novo-Nikolaevsk are highlighted. The report contains irrefutable evidence regarding 1904, as the date of the Novo-Nikolaevsk city formation, the key role of Emperor Nicholas II and the heterogeneous population, in the process of the city formation and development. The restoration of historical truth by returning true dates, names and events should become the norm for other Russian cities, the return of its true history.

The paper takes the deep foundation pit project of Xiaoshan Qunxian Road West Extension Project as an example and analyses the problem of surrounding surface settlement caused by deep foundation pit excavation. The project foundation pit is about 30 meters deep, the surrounding environment is complex, and the settlement control requirements are strict. The study shows that soil stress release, groundwater change, deformation of supporting structures, and construction disturbance are the main factors leading to settlement. To effectively control settlement, the project has adopted multi-dimensional prevention and control measures such as a diaphragm wall plus an internal support system, layered precipitation and intelligent monitoring, and refined construction. The monitoring results show that the maximum settlement at the pit side is lower than the design limit, which verifies the effectiveness of the measures. Future research can further explore the application of soil improvement technology under complex geological conditions to enhance the settlement control capability of ultra-deep foundation pits.

The theory of elasticity is used in geotechnical engineering for the calculation of foundation settlement. The equation used in the evaluation of consolidation settlement uses the soil compressibility parameters which usually are determined on cylindrical soil specimens with ϕ 71.4 mm. Laboratory tests performed on soil specimens showed that the parameters that are used in foundation settlement analysis are influenced by the dimensions of the tested soil specimens and the shape of that specimen. The paper presents the influence of specimen size, shape and method used for the coefficient of consolidation evaluation on the final value of the foundation settlement. The analysis was performed using the Settle3 software from Rocsience, considering the case of an elastic foundation flexible square foundation (1.5 m × 1.5 m) which transmits to the ground a pressure of 100 kPa.