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"Fountains."
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Bulgaristan Lom Şehrinde Bilinmeyen Bir Osmanlı Eseri: İsmail Ağa Çeşmesi – Kuyulu Çeşme
by
BİLECİK, Gülberk
in
Fountains
2017
Makalenin konusunu oluşturan İsmail Ağa Çeşmesi veya diğer adıyla Kuyulu Çeşme, Bulgaristan’ın Lom şehrinde yer almaktadır. Traklar döneminde kurulan şehir, daha sonra Bizans’ın hakimiyetine girmiştir. Lom 14. yüzyılın sonlarında Osmanlı topraklarına katılmış ve Tuna Vilayeti’ne bağlanmıştır. Tuna Nehri kıyısında bulunması ve elverişli konumu itibariyle Vidin’le birlikte uzun yıllar Osmanlı donanmasının iskelesi vazifesini üstelenmiştir. Osmanlı topraklarına katılmasıyla birlikte şehirde îmar ve inşâ faaliyetlerine başlanmış, bu sırada pek çok cami, tekke ve medrese yapılmıştır. 1878 Berlin Antlaşması’yla Bulgaristan’ın elimizden çıkmasından sonra, bölgede sistematik olarak Osmanlı eserlerinin yıkımına başlanmıştır. Lom şehri de bu yıkımlardan nasibini almıştır. 1885 senesinde hazırlanan şehir tanzim planı ile mevcut olan eserler yok edilmiştir. Günümüzde Lom şehrinde yazımıza konu olan çeşmeden başka Osmanlı eseri bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada İsmail Ağa Çeşmesi detaylı bir şekilde tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Konumu ve planı verilmiş, mimarî çizimleri yapılmıştır. Çeşmenin kitabesinden faydalanılarak tarihi, yaptıranı, ihyâ edeni, ihyâ tarihi ve suyunun getirildiği yer tespit edilmiştir. Günümüzdeki durumu belirtilmiş, ayrıca Bulgaristan ve Anadolu’daki benzer örnekleri gösterilerek çeşmeler içindeki yeri de incelenmiştir. Bu makale ile 19. yüzyıla tarihlenen, varlığı dahi bilinmeyen İsmail Ağa Çeşmesi tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çeşme günümüzde Lom şehrinde kalan tek Osmanlı eseri olarak zamana direnmeye ve mevcudiyetini sürdürmeye devam etmektedir.
Journal Article
Goldfish on vacation
by
Lloyd-Jones, Sally, 1960- author
,
Espinosa, Leo, illustrator
in
Goldfish Juvenile fiction.
,
Vacations Juvenile fiction.
,
Fountains Juvenile fiction.
2017
Three goldfish live in a small bowl, in an apartment building, in the middle of a big city, until one summer they get to go on vacation--in a fountain, with lily pads, and reeds, and other neighborhood goldfish.
A New Approach for Real‐Time Erupted Volume Estimation From High‐Precision Strain Detection Validated by Satellite Topographic Monitoring
by
Bonaccorso, Alessandro
,
Bilotta, Giuseppe
,
Ganci, Gaetana
in
Boreholes
,
Data processing
,
Digital imaging
2023
Timely estimations of magma volumes emitted during an eruption or a sequence of explosive events are vital for investigating the eruptive activity and evaluating the associated hazard. A reliable method for estimating erupted volumes is based on the analysis of digital surface models that nowadays can be obtained subsequently using stereo or tri‐stereo optical satellite imagery. However, the real‐time estimation of the erupted volumes is still an open challenge. Here, we explore the capacity of extracting volume estimates from continuous measurements of volumetric strain changes recorded by borehole dilatometers. We compare the volumes derived from numerous high spatial resolution satellite images with high precision strain records at Etna during 2020–2022, when more than 60 lava fountains occurred. The good correlation between the two data sets shows that strain changes can be used as a proxy to estimate the emitted volumes both over time and in real‐time. Plain Language Summary Quantifying erupted volumes is fundamental in volcanology to provide a robust characterization of eruptions. To date, estimates of erupted volumes have been calculated after the eruptions have ended and the real‐time estimation of the erupted volumes is still an on‐going challenge. In recent decades, the sequences of lava fountain‐type eruptions at Etna, with dozens of episodes close in time and more than 100 episodes occurring since 2011, has made the task of estimating the volumes in real‐time during each single eruption ever more essential. This would enable providing precise information to Civil Protection authorities and contribute toward hazard evaluation. In this study, we took on this new challenge by exploring the potential to extract erupted volume estimates from continuous measurements of strain changes, recorded by high‐precision borehole instruments installed on the volcano's flanks. We compared and validated the volumes deriving from numerous high spatial resolution satellite images with high‐precision strain records at Etna during 2020–2022, when more than 60 lava fountains occurred. The good correlation between the two data sets shows that strain changes can be used effectively as a proxy to estimate the emitted volumes, both over time and, more importantly, in real‐time. Key Points Detection of strain changes during sequences of lava fountain eruptions from continuous recording high‐precision borehole instruments Quantifying erupted volumes from strain changes, comparison and validation with the volumes calculated from high spatial resolution satellite measurements New method to estimate the erupted volumes in real‐time by using the continuous strain recording
Journal Article