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All fourteen major peacebuilding missions launched between 1989 and 1999 shared a common strategy for consolidating peace after internal conflicts: immediate democratization and marketization. Transforming war-shattered states into market democracies is basically sound, but pushing this process too quickly can have damaging and destabilizing effects. The process of liberalization is inherently tumultuous, and can undermine the prospects for stable peace. A more sensible approach to post-conflict peacebuilding would seek, first, to establish a system of domestic institutions that are capable of managing the destabilizing effects of democratization and marketization within peaceful bounds and only then phase in political and economic reforms slowly, as conditions warrant. Peacebuilders should establish the foundations of effective governmental institutions prior to launching wholesale liberalization programs. Avoiding the problems that marred many peacebuilding operations in the 1990s will require longer-lasting and, ultimately, more intrusive forms of intervention in the domestic affairs of these states. This book was first published in 2004.

Attempts to introduce democracy in the wake of civil war face a critical problem: how can war-torn societies move towards peace and democracy when competitive politics and hard-fought elections exacerbate social and political conflict? Through a study of six themes (peacekeeping, management of violence, power sharing, political party transformation, elections, civil society and international reactions to democratization crises) this volume considers the dilemmas that arise in pursuing peace after civil war through processes of democratization. The contributors' research highlights the complex relationship between democratization, which is competitive, and peacebuilding or efforts to achieve reconciliation. The book offers insights into more effective action in peacebuilding in light of the short-term negative effects that democratization can introduce. It is a thought-provoking work that seeks both to advance theory and to provide policy-relevant findings to facilitate more effective and durable transitions from war to democracy.

After suffering years of war, Bosnia is now the target of international efforts to reconstruct and democratize a culturally divided society. The global community's strategy has focused on reforming political institutions, influencing the behavior of elite populations, and cultivating nongovernmental organizations. But expensive efforts to promote a stable peace and a multiethnic democracy can be successful only if they resonate among ordinary people. Otherwise, such projects will produce fragile institutions and alienated citizens who will be susceptible to extremists eager to send them back into war. Paula M. Pickering challenges the conventional wisdom that common people are merely passive recipients of peacebuilding projects. Instead, in Peacebuilding in the Balkans , she shows how ordinary people, particularly minorities in Bosnia, understand elite rhetoric and actively shape reconstruction. Pickering's years of fieldwork-direct observation, interviews, and analysis of many surveys-has yielded a precise understanding of how ordinary citizens react to and influence peacebuilding programs in their neighborhoods, workplaces, municipal agencies, and other real-life social settings. The evidence suggests that international efforts to rebuild an inclusive Bosnia will be futile unless they pay sufficient attention to citizens' varying ties to ethnic groups, indigenous forms of civic activity, and the development of nondiscriminatory employment and responsive political institutions. Pickering's insights from reconstruction in the Balkans have important implications for peacebuilding elsewhere in Eurasia.

When political opponents Ian Paisley and Martin McGuiness were confirmed as First Minister and Deputy First Minister of a new Northern Ireland executive in May 2007, a chapter was closed on Northern Ireland's troubled past. A dramatic realignment of politics had brought these irreconcilable enemies together - and the media played a significant role in persuading the public to accept this startling change. The Propaganda of Peace analyses this incident and others in a wider study on the role of the media in conflict resolution and transformation. With analysis of factual and fictional media forms, The Propaganda of Peace proposes a radically different theoretical and methodological approach to the media's role in reporting and representing.

Veteran scholar and peace activist David Cortright offers a definitive history of the human striving for peace and an analysis of its religious and intellectual roots. This authoritative, balanced, and highly readable volume traces the rise of peace advocacy and internationalism from their origins in earlier centuries through the mass movements of recent decades: the pacifist campaigns of the 1930s, the Vietnam antiwar movement, and the waves of disarmament activism that peaked in the 1980s. Also explored are the underlying principles of peace - nonviolence, democracy, social justice, and human rights - all placed within a framework of 'realistic pacifism'. Peace brings the story up-to-date by examining opposition to the Iraq War and responses to the so-called 'war on terror'. This is history with a modern twist, set in the context of current debates about 'the responsibility to protect', nuclear proliferation, Darfur, and conflict transformation.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the most prominent issues in world politics today. Few other issues have dominated the world’s headlines and have attracted such attention from policy makers, the academic community, political analysts, and the world’s media. The Routledge Handbook on the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict offers a comprehensive　and accessible overview of the most contentious and protracted political issue in the Middle East. Bringing together a range of top experts from Israel, Palestine, Europe and North America the Handbook tackles a range of topics including: The historical background to the conflict peace efforts domestic politics critical issues such as displacement, Jerusalem and settler movements the role of outside players such as the Arab states, the US and the EU This Handbook provides the reader with　an understanding of the complexity of the issues that need to be addressed in order to resolve the conflict, and　a detailed examination of the varied interests of the actors involved. In-depth analysis of the conflict is supplemented by a chronology of the conflict, key documents and a range of maps. The contributors are all leading authorities in their field and have published extensively on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict/peace process. Many have played a leading role in various Track II initiatives accompanying the peace process. 'For a quick and authoritative grounding on Israeli demography, or Israeli theater, or the refugee issue, or Hamas, or any of sixty other aspects of Israel or the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, [this is] the reference work of choice. There is nothing else quite like it... a valuable reference work that should be in the library of all academics in the field, or, in fact, anyone with more than a passing interest in Israel or the Israeli–Palestinian conflict... Perfect for that “quick fix,” especially for particular issues that will not go away any time soon.' - Alan Dowty, University of Notre Dame; The Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 2013. Part 1: Competing Nationalisms 1. The Origins of Zionism Colin Schindler 2. The Palestinian National Movement: from self-rule to statehood Ahmad Samih Khalidi Part 2: Narratives and Key Moments 3. Competing Israeli and Palestinan Narratives Paul Scham 4. The 1948 War: The Battle over History Kirsten E. Schulze 5. The First and Second Palestinian Intifadas Rami Nasrallah 6. The Camp David Summit: a Tale of Two Narratives Joel Peters Part 3: Seeking Peace 7.The Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: 1967-1993 Laura Zittrain Eisenberg 8. Peace Plans: 1993-2012 Galia Golan Part 4: Issues 9.Palestinian Refugees Rex Brynen 10. Jerusalem Michael Dumper 11. Territory and Borders David Newman 12. Water Julie Trottier 13. Terrorism Magnus Norell 14. Religion Yehezkel Landau 15. Economics Arie Arnon 16. Unilaterlaism and Separation Gerald M. Steinberg 17. Gaza Joel Peters Part 5: Domestic Actors 18.The Palestine Liberation Organization Nigel Parsons 19. The Palestinian Authority Nigel Parsons 20. Hamas Khaled Hroub 21. Palestinian Civil Society Michael Schulz 22. Gush Emunim and the Israeli Settler Movement David Newman 23. The Israeli Peace Movements Naomi Chazan Part 6: International Engagement 24. Palestinian Citizens of Israel Amal Jamal 25. The United States: 1948- 1993 Steven L. Spiegel 26. The United States: 1993-2010 Steven L. Spiegel 27. Russia Robert O. Freedman 28. Europe Rosemary Hollis 29. The Arab World P. R. Kumaraswamy 30. The Jewish Diaspora and the Pro-Israel Lobby Dov Waxman Chronology Steve Lutes Joel Peters is Professor of Government and International Affairs in the School of Public and International Affairs at Virginia Tech. His research interests cover Israeli security and foreign policy and the Israeli-Palestinian process. He is the co-author (with Sharon Pardo) of Uneasy Neighbors: Israel and the European Union. David Newman is Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Ben Gurion University in Israel. Originally a geographer, Newman founded the Department of Politics and Government at that University. He is chief editor of the peer reviewed journal, Geopolitics . His work focuses on territorial dimensions of ethnic conflict with a particular focus on the contemporary significance and functions of borders.

The 1998 Belfast Agreement promised to release citizens of Northern Ireland from the grip of paramilitarism. However, almost a decade later, Loyalist paramilitaries were still on the battlefield. After the Peace examines the delayed business of Loyalist demilitarization and explains why it included more fits than starts in the decade since formal peace and how Loyalist paramilitary recalcitrance has affected everyday Loyalists. Drawing on interviews with current and former Loyalist paramilitary men, community workers, and government officials, Carolyn Gallaher charts the trenchant divisions that emerged during the run-up to peace and thwart demilitarization today. After the Peace demonstrates that some Loyalist paramilitary men want to rebuild their communities and join the political process. They pledge a break with violence and the criminality that sustained their struggle. Others vow not to surrender and refuse to set aside their guns. These units operate under a Loyalist banner but increasingly resemble criminal fiefdoms. In the wake of this internecine power struggle, demilitarization has all but stalled. Gallaher documents the battle for the heart of Loyalism in varied settings, from the attempt to define Ulster Scots as a language to deadly feuds between UVF, UDA, and LVF contingents. After the Peace brings the story of Loyalist paramilitaries up to date and sheds light on the residual violence that persists in the post-accord era.

What kind of peace is possible in the post-9/11 world? Is sustainable peace an illusion in a world where foreign military interventions are replacing peace negotiations as starting points for postwar reconstruction? Grappling with these questions, this book presents six provocative case studies authored by respected peacebuilding practitioners in their own societies.

‘Peace Without Consensus’ demonstrates that the rise of Sinn Féin and the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) was not ‘inevitable’. Rather, it argues that critics who blame Northern Ireland's power-sharing institutions for the electoral triumph of the political ‘extremes’ in 2003 have not fully considered how the US, British and Irish governments contributed to this outcome. Through interviews with key US, British and Irish officials this groundbreaking analysis, which represents the first examination of the Bush administration's vital role in the peace process, demonstrates that Washington and Dublin were considering a deal between the DUP and Sinn Féin as early as 2002. Profiled in the Guardian, the Observer, BBC Radio Four, the Irish Independent and in Henry McDonald's ‘Gunsmoke and Mirrors’, Mary-Alice C. Clancy's theoretically informed and empirically grounded book presents new and salient lessons for other regions embroiled in conflict and should be read by all those interested in Northern Ireland's peace process and US foreign policy.