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The effects of eutrophication on the growth and phenotypic performance of macrophytes have been widely studied. Experimental evidence suggests that an increase in the water nutrient level would promote the performance of several invasive free-floating macrophytes. However, few studies have focused on how a shift in water nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) stoichiometric regimes may influence the performance of invasive free-floating macrophytes. In the present study, two exotic invasive plant species, free-floating Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes , were subjected to different water nutrient stoichiometric regimes, and their phenotypic performance was studied. We found that the two species converged in several resource use traits and diverged in lateral root length. This implied that their similarities in fitness-correlated traits and their underwater niche differentiation probably contribute to their stable coexistence in the field. Additionally, the eutrophic conditions in the different N:P regimes scarcely altered the performance of both species compared to their performance in the oligotrophic condition. Based on previous studies, we predicted that moderate eutrophication with slight overloading of nitrogen and phosphorus would not improve the performance of several invasive free-floating plants and thus would scarcely alter the invasive status of these species. However, moderate eutrophication may cause other problems, such as the growth of phytoplankton and algae and increased pollution in the water.

Objectives The aim of the present study was to assess head‐position management for intractable idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) when lying down. We hypothesized that head‐up sleep (HUS) could prevent free‐floating otoliths from entering the semicircular canals. Study Design A prospective two‐arm multicenter randomized controlled trial. Methods BPPV was diagnosed in 611 patients (611/1,520; 40.2%) according to the 2015 diagnostic guidelines issued by the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders. Among them, 201 patients were intractable (201/611; 32.9%), 88 of whom were idiopathic and subsequently enrolled in the study. Patients randomly received intervention with HUS at greater than 45° (n = 44) or head‐down sleep (HDS; n = 44) when lying down. Before treatment, they completed several examinations, including subjective visual vertical (SVV). The specific diagnoses for the 88 patients with BPPV included horizontal type cupula (n = 40), horizontal type canal (n = 13), posterior type (n = 26), and probable and/or atypical BPPV (n = 9). Results Patient backgrounds did not differ significantly between the HUS and HDS groups. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores of vertiginous sensation were significantly lower in the HUS group than in the HDS group at both the third month and sixth month post‐treatment. Positional/positioning nystagmus observed just before treatment disappeared significantly more often in the HUS group than in the HDS group until the sixth post‐treatment month. Further, especially in HUS group, VAS scores in SVV− group (n = 24) were significantly lower than those in the SVV+ group (n = 20) sixth month post‐treatment. Conclusions Controlling free‐floating otoliths is not easy due to aging of the otolith organs. Repeatedly returning the endless free‐floating debris from the canals to the utricle through physical means is not a good strategy. Therefore, HUS when lying down at home could be recommended as an initial treatment for patients with intractable idiopathic BPPV. Level of Evidence 1b

Free-floating thrombus (FFT) of the cervicocranial arteries is a rare neurovascular condition. Up to now, there is no standardized definition for FFT. Therefore, FFT is occasionally mistaken for intraluminal thrombus (ILT) or smooth mural thrombus. The most precise and ideal definition of FFT would be a long-extended intraarterial thrombus that is attached to the arterial wall with its one end, while its other end is surrounded by blood flow and moves freely with the cardiac cycle. FFT usually manifests as an ischemic stroke, thus it is considered as an emergency case. Herein, we report a rare case of symptomatic FFT in the left vertebral artery extending from V0 to V2 segments in a middle-aged smoker, who presented with multiple embolic strokes in different territories of posterior circulation and was successfully treated medically. This case sheds light on the challenges of the clinical approach of FFT in the vertebral artery and it is an attempt to draw attention to the necessity of conducting a large-scale study to find out the ideal approach to manage such conditions. Keywords: stroke, free-floating thrombus, FFT, secondary polycythemia vera, PV, dual antithrombotic

Three‐terminal synaptic transistor has drawn significant research interests for neuromorphic computation due to its advantage of facile device integrability. Lately, bulk‐heterojunction‐based synaptic transistors with bipolar modulation are proposed to exempt the use of an additional floating gate. However, the actual correlation between the channel's ambipolarity, memory characteristic, and synaptic behavior for a floating‐gate free transistor has not been investigated yet. Herein, by studying five diketopyrrolopyrrole–benzotriazole dual‐acceptor random conjugated polymers, a clear correlation among the hole/electron ratio, the memory retention characteristic, and the synaptic behavior for the polymer channel layer in a floating‐gate free transistor is described. It reveals that the polymers with balanced ambipolarity possess better charge trapping capabilities and larger memory windows; however, the high ambipolarity results in higher volatility of the memory characteristics, namely poor memory retention capability. In contrast, the polymer with a reduced ambipolarity possesses an enhanced memory retention capability despite showing a reduced memory window. It is further manifested that this enhanced charge retention capability enables the device to present artificial synaptic characteristics. The results highlight the importance of the channel's ambipolarity of floating‐gate free transistors on the resultant volatile memory characteristics and synaptic behaviors. A clear correlation among the hole/electron mobility (µh/µe) ratio, the memory retention characteristic, and the synaptic behavior for the polymer channel layer in a floating‐gate free transistor is demonstrated. It shows that, compared to the device with a high ambipolarity (µh/µe ratio: 1), the device with a low ambipolarity (µh/µe ratio: 10) can exhibit an enhanced charge retention capability but possessing a reduced memory window. However, such enhanced charge retention capability enables the device to present the artificial synaptic characteristics.

This data paper describes the native vascular aquatic plant floras of 268 Japanese lakes recorded from 1899–2011. The data were compiled from 201 literature sources, most of which were written in Japanese and published in local journals or individual reports rather than in major scientific journals. The literature was searched using web-based services (i.e., Google Scholar, http://scholar.google.com/ ; CiNii, http://ci.nii.ac.jp/en ; JDreamII, http://pr.jst.go.jp/jdream2/ ; and ISI, http://apps.webofknowledge.com ) and by private communication with experts or local governments. Scientific names were consolidated under currently-accepted nomenclature. Four datasets, FloraDB, LakeDB, SpeciesDB, and LiteratureDB, were created to include records of the flora of each lake in each year, the names and locations of the lakes, the scientific names and synonyms of the aquatic vascular plants, and a literature list, respectively. These data can be used to study long-term changes in the species composition and/or richness of aquatic plants in Japanese lakes.

Improved understanding of pathogen survival in the stream environment is needed to enhance existing predictive models of stream pathogen populations. Further, the increasing use of thermal springs for bathing necessitates additional studies focused on not only typical streams but also thermal spring conditions, where water temperature is relatively higher than typical streams. This study was conducted to assess the survival of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in stream water under free floating and particle-attached conditions at a range of temperature. A series of microcosm studies were conducted to determine pathogen decay rates. In bench-scale experiments, water circulation and sediment resuspension mimicked natural stream and thermal spring conditions, with continuous air flow providing aeration, constant mixing and turbulent conditions, and improved water circulation. Data on E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella survival were subsequently used to determine first-order decay equations for calculating the rate constant and decimal reduction time for the modeled experimental conditions. Results showed that at 40 °C, the survival of particle attached E. coli O157:H7 was longer than that of particle attached Salmonella. Under free floating condition, Salmonella survived longer than E. coli O157:H7. At 50 °C, survival of particle attached E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella was longer than that of free floating E. coli and Salmonella. At 60 °C, survival of particle attached Salmonella was longer than that of free floating Salmonella. Similarly at 60 °C, the survival of E. coli O157:H7 under particle attached condition was longer than that of the free floating condition. The findings of this study suggest that the survival of E. coli O157:H7 differs than the survival of Salmonella in stream water and thermal spring conditions, and the assumption used in previous studies to estimate survival of bacteria in stream environment could result in over/underestimation if the impact of particle attachment on pathogen survival is not accounted for.

Free-floating aquatic plants Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes are well-known invasive species in the tropics and subtropics. The aim of this study was to utilize the plants as cost-effective and environmentally friendly oil sorbents. Multilevel wrinkle structure of P. stratiotes leaf (PL), rough surface of E. crassipes leaf (EL), and box structure of E. crassipes stalk (ES) were observed using the scanning electron microscope. The natural hydrophobic structures and capillary rise tests supported the idea to use P. stratiotes and E. crassipes as oil sorbents. Experiments indicated that the oil sorption by the plants was a fast process. The maximum sorption capacities for different oils reached 5.1–7.6, 3.1–4.8, and 10.6–11.7 g of oil per gram of sorbent for PL, EL, and ES, respectively. In the range of 5–35 °C, the sorption capacities of the plants were not significantly different. These results suggest that the plants can be used as efficient oil sorbents.

The analytic setting exists not only externally but also internally as a structure in the mind of the analyst. The internal analytic setting constitutes an area of the analyst's mind where reality is defined by unconscious symbolic meaning. Clinical examples illustrate how a secure internal setting allows flexibility in the external setting without sacrifice of its analytic quality. The internal setting can help analysts listen inwardly to themselves in a way that is free-floating with regard to their internal processes. This points beyond usual ideas of countertransference. An analytic encounter may stir up elements that belong to the analyst's psyche which, rather than impeding the analysis, can actively enrich it. Seamus Heaney's writings evoke comparisons between listening to poems and listening to patients, and a week in a patient's analysis is described in relation to these themes.

We present the design and implementation of a medium-band near-IR filter tailored for detecting low-mass stars and brown dwarfs from the summit of Maunakea. The W-band filter is centered at 1.45 m with a bandpass width of 6%, designed to measure the depth of the H2O water absorption prominent in objects with spectral types of M6 and later. When combined with standard J and H photometry, the W-band filter is designed to determine spectral types to 1.4 subtypes for late-M and L dwarfs, largely independent of surface gravity and reddening. This filter's primary application is completing the census of young substellar objects in star-forming regions, using W-band selection to greatly reduce contamination by reddened background stars that impede broad-band imaging surveys. We deployed the filter on the UH 88 inch telescope to survey ∼3 degree2 of the NGC 1333, IC 348, and Ophiuchus star-forming regions. Our spectroscopic followup of W-band selected candidates resulted in the confirmation of 48 ultracool dwarfs with a success rate of 89%, demonstrating the efficacy of this new filter and selection method.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1654601.].