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"French language Variation."
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Variation and Change in Mainland and Insular Norman
In this book, Mari C. Jones examines how contact with its two typologically different superstrates has led the Norman dialect to diverge linguistically within mainland Normandy and the Channel Islands.
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A Sociolinguistic History of Parisian French
Paris mushroomed in the thirteenth century to become the largest city in the Western world, largely through in-migration from rural areas. The resulting dialect-mixture led to the formation of new, specifically urban modes of speech. From the time of the Renaissance social stratification became sharper as the elites distanced themselves from the Parisian 'Cockney' of the masses. Nineteenth-century urbanisation transformed the situation yet again with the arrival of huge numbers of immigrants from far-flung corners of France, levelling dialect-differences and exposing ever larger sections of the population to standardising influences. At the same time, a working-class vernacular emerged which was distinguished from the upper-class standard not only in grammar and pronunciation but most markedly in vocabulary (slang). This book examines the interlinked history of Parisian speech and the Parisian population through these various phases of in-migration, dialect-mixing and social stratification from medieval times to the present day.
eBook
Manuel des francophonies
Diffusé dans le monde entier, implanté dans des environnements nouveaux, le français s’est trouvé en contact avec d’autres langues qui l’ont influencé à différents degrés dans son évolution et son épanouissement. Cet ouvrage propose un panorama des modalités d'existence diverses auxquelles ces interactions ont donné naissance dans l'Hexagone et en dehors. Après deux exposés généraux, vingt-neuf contributions présentent chacune une zone spécifique pour en décrire la situation sociolinguistique historique et actuelle, les politiques d’aménagement linguistique externe et interne, ainsi que les particularités du français qui y est pratiqué. Il en résulte la première description systématique des aires francophones réalisée selon des critères homogènes, qui ouvre ainsi la voie vers une typologie pluridimensionnelle des francophonies.
The French language is spoken and used in a number of different countries and regions worldwide. It thus finds itself in contact, and sometimes in competition, with numerous other languages which have taken influence on the various local varieties of French and continue to do so today. This handbook provides an overview of the different linguistic situations and constellations the French language has been part of, both in the past and today.
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Sociolinguistic variation in contemporary French
This chapter examines the semantic development of fortuné in Modern French, charting its sociostylistic variation from the 18th to the 21st century. It focuses particularly on the increasing use of fortuné in its current sense of 'rich/wealthy', and the negative reception of this new sense in most lexicographical works up until the 20th century. The study aims to show how this semantic innovation produced a lexical stylistic division, opposing a traditional usage (considered standard) to a 'neological' one (considered non-standard). Having undergone a shift of meaning from 'lucky/happy' to 'wealthy', fortuné is currently most commonly understood as a euphemism for 'rich'.
eBook
Phonological variation in French : illustrations from three continents
This volume presents a selection of French varieties representing the great diversity of this language along geographical, social, and stylistic dimensions. Twelve illustrations from regions as far removed as Western Canada and Central Africa represent widely divergent social contexts of language use. Each chapter is based on original surveys conducted within the framework of the Phonology of Contemporary French project, described in the Introduction. These surveys constitute an invaluable source of new data for researchers, as many of the varieties included are otherwise undocumented in any systematic way. The chapters follow a similar format: presentation of the survey(s) and the sociolinguistic dimensions of the variety studied; description of the phonological inventory of the system(s), principal allophonic realizations, phonotactic constraints, behavior of schwa, behavior of liaison consonants, and other notable characteristics. The book opens with an informative introduction and closes with a chapter providing a synthesis of the major findings by continent.
eBook
Social and stylistic variation in spoken French : a comparative approach
Many of the assumptions of Labovian sociolinguistics are based on results drawn from US and UK English, Latin American Spanish and Canadian French. Sociolinguistic variation in the French of France has been rather little studied compared to these languages. This volume is the first examination and exploration of variation in French that studies in a unified way the levels of phonology, grammar and lexis using quantitative methods. One of its aims is to establish whether the patterns of variation that have been reported in French conform to those reported in other languages. A second important theme of this volume is the study of variation across speech styles in French, through a comparison with some of the best-known English results. The book is therefore also the first to examine current theories of social-stylistic variation by using fresh quantitative data. These data throw new light on the influence of methodology on results, on why certain linguistic variables have more stylistic value, and on how the strong normative tradition in France moulds interactions between social and stylistic variation.
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Topic, Antitopic and Verb Agreement in Non-Standard French
The author describes and explains the syntactic and pragmatic properties of the nominal and pronominal elements in sentences of the types Ces Romains ils sont fous and Ils sont fous, ces Romains, which, in spite of their frequent occurrence, have so far received little attention among linguists and grammarians. He argues that far from having the marginal status of a linguistic anomaly, the cooccurrence in the same clause of coreferential nouns and pronouns is one formal manifestation of an important functional principle in modern French: the encoding of a topic-comment relationship in the surface structure of the sentence. The pronouns in sentences such as the ones mentioned are interpreted as agreement markers. The syntactic and semantic differences between topics and anti-topics are analyzed.
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Manuel des Francophonies
The series Manuals of Romance Linguistics (MRL) aims to present a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of Romance linguistics. It will comprise approximately 60 volumes that can either be consulted individually or used as a series of books providing a detailed overall picture of the current state of research in Romance linguistics. A special focus will be placed on the presentation and analysis of the smaller languages, the linguae minores.
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