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This study examines the future orientation regarding higher education mothers wish for their children and four of its antecedents. The antecedents are: mothers’ educational attainment, mothers’ educational expectations, and mothers’ supported children’s motivation applying to two types: autonomous and controlled. Review of earlier research led to the construction of a multiple-step model indicating that mothers’ educational attainment impacts mothers’ educational expectations which in turn impacts the education-related future orientation mothers wish their children to develop indirectly, via mothers’ wish to differentially transmit to their children motivational autonomy and control. Employing Structural Equation Model (Amos 26), the mothers’ constructed model was examined with data collected from 179 mothers of Israeli Jewish children and youths, which resulted in a good fit of the multiple step model to the data. Specifically, analysis supported the impact of mothers’ wish to transmit motivational autonomy --but not of mothers’ wish to transmit motivational control -- on mothers’ wished-for education-related future orientation. Discussion addresses the importance of future thinking for impacting present ideas applying to mother-constructed higher education future orientation for their children academic achievement, and calls for further empirical analysis of its impact on mother’ behavior prompting academic achievement and its impact on children’s academic achievement, and for further testing of the model on diverse samples.

Search interest in the upcoming year compared with the past has been proposed as the Future Orientation Index (FOI) to assess forward-looking tendencies. Our study aimed to replicate and extend correlations between the FOI and key development indicators, such as GDP and Human Development Index (HDI), across countries with different dominant search engines (from Google to Baidu), time periods (from 2012 to 2021), and measurement levels (inter-country, intra-country, and individual). Our results successfully replicated the correlation between the Baidu-based FOI and province-level GDP (r = .719–.860, ps < .001) and HDI (r = .635–.867, ps < .001) from 2012 to 2021 in China. However, the FOI could not predict patience (β = −.038, p = .402) measured at an individual level. Our findings provide an easily accessible index to investigate intra-cultural differences in future orientation and underscored two prerequisites for the FOI: 1) the selection of a locally dominant search engine and unambiguous keywords and 2) the application of the FOI within a group-level context.

Previous research has linked higher levels of hopelessness about one’s future to violent behavior during adolescence; however, little is known about this relationship over time for adolescents. Using growth curve modeling, we tested the association between future orientation and violent behavior across the high school years of adolescence in a sample of African American youth ( n  = 681). Variation based on demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, SES, previous violence) was explored. At baseline, differences in violent behavior varied by demographic characteristics. Overall, violent behavior decreased with age. Higher levels of future orientation were associated with greater decreases in violent behavior over time. Demographic characteristics were not associated with change in violent behavior overtime. Our findings suggest that future orientation can act as a promotive factor for at risk African American youth. Interventions that help support the development of future goals and aspirations could play a vital role in violence prevention efforts.

Building on the future oriented and regulated nature of instrumental goals, Lens and colleagues developed a 2 (proximal-distal) x 2 (internal-external) motivational framework. The current study aimed to test this framework from a person-centred perspective, while equally taking into account students' lack of motivation as to extend the empirical and theoretical borders of the model. Latent Profile Analyses were used to test the viability of two to five motivational profiles among Japanese second-year students ( = 781). A solution with three latent subgroups fitted the sample best, explaining 6% to 62% of the variance in the measured variables. The profiles were labelled \"low future oriented motivational profile\", \"average motivated profile\", and \"highly motivated profile\". The highly motivated subgroup reported the most adaptive pattern of motivation and highest levels of deep level learning, while few differences were found for surface learning and GPA. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

We examine how international variation in corporate future-oriented behavior, such as corporate social responsibility and research and development investment, could partially stem from characteristics of the languages spoken at firms. We develop a future-time framing perspective rooted in the literatures on organizational categorization and framing. Our theory and hypotheses focus on how companies with working languages that obligatorily separate the future tense and the present tense engage less in future-oriented behaviors, and this effect is attenuated by exposure to multilingual environments. The results based on a large global sample of firms from 39 countries support our theory, highlighting the importance of language in affecting organizational behavior around the world. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1217 .

Planning and preparing for life after high school is a central developmental task of American adolescents, and may be even more critical for low-income youth who are less likely to attend a four year college. This study investigates factors that led to the effects of the New Hope Project, a work-based, anti-poverty program directed at parents on youths’ career-related thoughts and planning. The New Hope project was implemented in Milwaukee, WI, during the mid-1990s. 745 families participated (52 % male children; 56 % African American; 30 % Latino, and 15 % White non-Hispanic) and half were randomly selected to receive New Hope benefits, which included earnings supplements, job search assistance, and child and health care subsidies for 3 years. Importantly, effects on youths’ future orientation were found 8 years after the program began (5 years after benefits ended). The present study investigates what factors sustained these positive impacts over time. Results indicate that parental perceptions of reading performance mediate the effects of New Hope on youths’ cynicism about work. Additionally, parental perceptions of reading performance and youths’ educational expectations mediate the effects of New Hope on boys’ pessimism about future employment. These findings highlight the importance of youths’ educational development to their career-related thoughts and planning.

Age differences in future orientation are examined in a sample of 935 individuals between 10 and 30 years using a delay discounting task as well as a new self-report measure. Younger adolescents consistently demonstrate a weaker orientation to the future than do individuals aged 16 and older, as reflected in their greater willingness to accept a smaller reward delivered sooner than a larger one that is delayed, and in their characterizations of themselves as less concerned about the future and less likely to anticipate the consequences of their decisions. Planning ahead, in contrast, continues to develop into young adulthood. Future studies should distinguish between future orientation and impulse control, which may have different neural underpinnings and follow different developmental timetables.

In a recent article in Sociology, Anderson et al. (2005) explore the plans Scottish young adults formulated for their future lives, drawing largely on survey evidence. They do so in the context of taking issue with qualitative research conducted by Brannen and Nilsen (2002) concerning how British young people and young Norwegians think about the future. This article compares the respective studies in greater depth. First, it examines the different aims of the respective studies and their conceptualizations. Second, it looks at issues of methodological difference.

This article presents a theoretical approach for studying the coordination of futures. Building off theories of temporality and action, the authors map three different modes of future making-protentions, trajectories, and temporal landscapes-that actors need to coordinate in order to make sense of action together. Using a wide range of empirical evidence, they then show that these modes of future-coordination are autonomous from each other, so that although they are connected, they can clash or move in disjointed directions in interaction. By focusing on the coordination and disjunctures of those three modes, the authors argue that sociologists can provide a methodological axis of comparison between cases; depict mechanisms through which other theoretical or empirical constructs-such as racism or late modernity-operate; and open a window into the ways in which people organize and coordinate their futures, a topic of inquiry in its own right. Adapted from the source document.

Sustainable entrepreneurship focuses on finding ways to monetize future products, nature conservation, life support, and communities. Therefore, the intention has been identified as one of the key drivers to perceive business opportunities and ultimately leverage them, which increases interest in investigating it, especially from a sustainability perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intention of sustainable entrepreneurship through a modified version of the theory of planned behavior based on survey data of 520 university students studying in Punjab, Pakistan and using structural equation modeling for quantitative analysis. The study sought to incorporate three additional constructs (environmental values, social values, and consideration of future consequences) to explain the relationship between the antecedents of sustainable entrepreneurial intention. This study shows that sustainable entrepreneurship, social norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control praise students’ sustainable intentions. Environmental values, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, and consideration of future consequences (CFC-F and CFC-I) indirectly influence sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. The study also highlights the contradictory roles of CFC-I in reversing the pursuit of sustainable entrepreneurship. Indeed, the finding proposed that educational and other practitioners can improve attitudes and behaviors by promoting sustainable entrepreneurship through value creation and forward-looking activation strategies.