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"GASOLINE"
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Research Results of the Process of Cooling the Gasoline Fraction with Dry and Wet Air
The article presents the results and conclusions of experiments on the effect of dry and wet air on the cooling efficiency in an air cooler in order to improve the processes of cooling gasoline fractions at oil and gas processing enterprises.
Journal Article
Experimental study on Ag-modified CeO.sub.2 as the catalyst for soot oxidation
Ag/CeO.sub.2 catalyst is synthesized by hydrothermal method, which has been studied under the effects of different catalyst content, ash and Ag load through activity and characterization tests. Ag loading increases the catalytic activity of CeO.sub.2, and the peak combustion temperature of soot decreases by 74 °C. The catalytic effect of Ag/CeO.sub.2 is affected by catalyst content, Ag load and ash content. The optimum mass ratio of soot/catalyst is 1/10, and 10 mass% is the saturation value of Ag loading at CeO.sub.2. Ash inhibits the promoting effect of Ag/CeO.sub.2 in the oxidation process of soot. This study provides a theoretical basis for the industrial application of Ag/CeO.sub.2 catalyst in gasoline engine and also provides a research idea for the low-temperature oxidation of soot.
Journal Article
PROTECȚIA MEDIULUI MARIN ȘI RĂSPUNDEREA JURIDICĂ ÎN CAZUL POLUĂRII MARINE
Poluarea marină reprezintă o ameninţare semnificativă pentru oceanele lumii şi pentru ecosistemele lor fragile. Această lucrare explorează cadrul legal şi principiile care guvernează protecţia mediului marin şi răspunderea juridică în cazurile de poluare marină. Ea investighează diversele tipuri şi cauze ale poluării marine, examinând impactul lor negativ asupra ecosistemelor marine şi a sănătăţii umane. Lucrarea analizează mecanismele de răspundere juridică în cazurile de poluare marină, inclusiv modul în care autorităţile şi organizaţiile internaţionale urmăresc şi sancţionează entităţile sau indivizii responsabili de daunele aduse mediului marin. Având în vedere natura transfrontalieră a poluării marine, cooperarea internaţională şi aplicarea eficientă a legilor devin esenţiale pentru protejarea mărilor şi oceanelor.
Journal Article
The socio-economic and business relationships between Turkish and Nigeria
Nigeria is a country colonized by Britain in 19th century and got its independence in 1960 with the condition of remaining as one of the Commonwealth of Nations. Nigeria is a West African Nation with apopulation of 200 million people. Is a country endowed with many natural resources and at the same time the highest petrol exporter among African countries. Nigeria has also huge amount of Natural Gas. The country has 910.802 km2 of land mass. %49.9 of Nigerians live in urban centres while %51.1 live in village areas. As a result of the fall of petrol prices in 2014 Nigeria’s economy has decreased by -%6.3 and later appreciated a litle bit by %2.7. In 2016 the economy has decreased by -%2.2. The inflation rate in 2015 was %9 while it doubled to %18.8 in 2016. The major challenges of Nigeria’s economic growth are the lack of enough investors, energy bottleneck, bad leadership and inadequate Access to fund for private sector. Another problem faced by the economy of Nigeria is bribery and corruption. Additionally, the Boko Haram crises make foreign investors to run away from the country. The attacks on oil companies, wells and installation in the oil-rich Niger Delta region together with the abduction of foreign nationals have negatively affected Nigeria’s economy. As a result of these poverty and joblessness become the order of the day. Nigeria being rich in petrol and natural gas resources can be said to become Turkey’s strategic business partner. Turkey Nigeria relationship dated back to 1960s. Since this period to date, Turkey and Nigeria cooperated in the areas of economic development, education and defence. There are almost 3 thousand Nigerian studentsstudying in different Universities across Turkey. In 2015 25 thousand Nigerian tourists visited Turkey. In the last years due to the ability of 19 Turkish Universities to be among the best Universities in the world, Turkey has experinced great flood of foreign students. Due to this the review of the economic resources of the two countries will benefit both. In this work Turkey-Nigeria economic relationships would be examined and analysed.
Journal Article
Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NO x emissions in 11 major vehicle markets
Vehicle emissions contribute to fine particulate matter (PM
) and tropospheric ozone air pollution, affecting human health, crop yields and climate worldwide. On-road diesel vehicles produce approximately 20 per cent of global anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO
), which are key PM
and ozone precursors. Regulated NO
emission limits in leading markets have been progressively tightened, but current diesel vehicles emit far more NO
under real-world operating conditions than during laboratory certification testing. Here we show that across 11 markets, representing approximately 80 per cent of global diesel vehicle sales, nearly one-third of on-road heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions and over half of on-road light-duty diesel vehicle emissions are in excess of certification limits. These excess emissions (totalling 4.6 million tons) are associated with about 38,000 PM
- and ozone-related premature deaths globally in 2015, including about 10 per cent of all ozone-related premature deaths in the 28 European Union member states. Heavy-duty vehicles are the dominant contributor to excess diesel NO
emissions and associated health impacts in almost all regions. Adopting and enforcing next-generation standards (more stringent than Euro 6/VI) could nearly eliminate real-world diesel-related NO
emissions in these markets, avoiding approximately 174,000 global PM
- and ozone-related premature deaths in 2040. Most of these benefits can be achieved by implementing Euro VI standards where they have not yet been adopted for heavy-duty vehicles.
Journal Article
Surface-Modified Insub.2Osub.3 for High-Throughput Screening of Volatile Gas Sensors in Diesel and Gasoline
In this paper, with the help of the method of composite materials science, parallel synthesis and high-throughput screening were used to prepare gas sensors with different molar ratios of rare earths and precious metals modified In[sub.2]O[sub.3], which could be used to monitor and warn the early leakage of gasoline and diesel. Through high-throughput screening, it is found that the effect of rare earth metal modification on gas sensitivity improvement is better than other metals, especially 0.5 mol% Gd modified In[sub.2]O[sub.3] (Gd[sub.0.5]In) gas sensor has a high response to 100 ppm gasoline (Ra/Rg = 6.1) and diesel (Ra/Rg = 5) volatiles at 250 °C. Compared with the existing literature, the sensor has low detection concentration and suitable stability. This is mainly due to the alteration of surface chemisorption oxygen caused by the catalysis and modification of rare earth itself.
Journal Article
