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The rising challenges of high water cuts and fluid production costs in mature oil reservoirs necessitate efficient interventions to optimize reservoir productivity. This study addresses these challenges by investigating the adsorption behavior of hydroquinone (HQ), a highly effective crosslinker in in-situ gel applications, on carbonate rocks across varying temperatures. Adsorption batch experiments revealed that the HQ adsorption capacity, following the Langmuir model, decreased from 45.2 mg/g-rock at 25 °C to 34.2 mg/g-rock at 90 °C. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the exothermic (enthalpy = -6494 J/mol) and spontaneous (entropy = 6.47 J/mol·K, ΔG ranging from − 8335 J/mol to -8737 J/mol across 25–90 °C) nature of the process. These findings demonstrate the temperature-dependent nature of HQ adsorption, which reduces at higher temperatures due to increased molecular motion and solubility. Furthermore, core flooding experiments in porous carbonate matrices showed lower adsorption capacities, ranging from 31.2 mg/g-rock at 25 °C to 17.3 mg/g-rock at 90 °C, highlighting the distinct behavior in porous media environments. These results provide a pathway to optimize operational conditions for chemical injection processes in petroleum formations, ensuring reduced crosslinker loss and enhanced gel performance in situ. Insights from this study contribute to the development of cost-effective and efficient reservoir management strategies.

This study examines the adsorption behavior of hydroquinone (HQ) on quartz and sandstone surfaces under various thermal conditions. Adsorption isotherms, including the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and linear models, were applied to experimental data to predict adsorption capacity and understand underlying mechanisms. Among these, the Langmuir model, characterized by high R 2 (0.999), demonstrated superior accuracy, confirming monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface, with a maximum adsorption capacity (q o ) of 47.1 mg/g at 25 °C. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the exothermic nature of adsorption, with negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values across all tested temperatures, indicating spontaneous behavior. However, the adsorption capacity decreased significantly with temperature, from 47.1 mg/g at 25 °C to 27.1 mg/g at 80 °C, due to increased molecular motion and reduced HQ-quartz surface interactions. Furthermore, adsorption experiments in porous sandstone media showed lower adsorption capacities, attributed to the heterogeneity of the sandstone structure and restricted accessibility of active sites, with values decreasing from 24 mg/g at 25 °C to 14 mg/g at 95 °C. Thermodynamic constants such as enthalpy (ΔH = − 8,018 J/mol) and entropy (ΔS = 6.12 J/mol·K) emphasize the temperature dependence of the process. These findings provide crucial insights for designing efficient chemical injection strategies in subsurface environments, bridging the gap between laboratory conditions and real-world applications in reservoir engineering.

Our study examined whether bupivacaine and steroid injections followed by Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation (RFT) improved symptoms among coccydynia patients. The Ganglion Impar Block (GIB) treatment of eight patients with coccydynia in our neurosurgery clinic was reviewed. A retrospective analysis of demographics, pain causes, X-ray results, types of invasive procedures, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores was performed. VAS and ODI scores were recorded before the procedure, the first day after the procedure, and three months after the procedure. The study included five females (62.5%) and three males (27.5%). The mean age of the patients was 40.5 + 10.6 years, and the mean BMI was 26.21 + 4.2 kg/m\". Two patients had idiopathic neuralgia, two had trauma-related neuralgia, two had post-herpetic neuralgia, and one patient had persistent pain following previous anorectal surgery and S2 perineural cystrelated pain. There was a significant improvement in both VAS [2.5 (range: 1-4)] and ODI scores [4 (range: 0-34)] on the first day after the procedure (p<0.001). These low scores were maintained at the third month [VAS: 1.5 (range: 1-10) and ODI: 1 (range: 0-78)]. In only one patient, excision of the coccyx was planned due to inadequate pain relief. In patients with coccydynia, bupivacaine and steroid injections followed by RFT provide satisfactory long-term analgesia, as evidenced by decreased VAS and ODI scores.

In Gas Insulated Substations (GIS), a free conducting particle can approximate any shape. If the conductor surface is not smooth and rough, then dielectric strength will be lost. So, to regain the dielectric strength, which was lost, the conductor inner surface is coated with a dielectric material of epoxy resin for which the dielectric strength can be regained. In this paper, work of simulation is done forvoltage class 132kV, 145kV,220KV and 245KVin a 1-ϕGIB for Al & Cu particles and peak radial movement was found. All the simulation analysis was carried out and resultsare shown in detail.

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), which includes both upper GIB (variceal and non-variceal) and lower GIB, represents a significant cause of emergency department referrals. Given the potential risks of blood transfusion, re-bleeding, and mortality in these patients, it is essential to establish a system for prioritizing critical patients. Several risk stratification scoring systems have been developed based on patients' clinical characteristics and/or endoscopic findings. However, the optimal scoring system for each clinical scenario remains uncertain. In this study, we design the first comprehensive review and compare almost all of the upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), as well as lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) risk stratification scoring systems individually regarding their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations.

Adjusting antiplatelet strategies after antiplatelet-associated gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a complex clinical challenge. To assess the risk of outcomes at different times of resumption of antiplatelet therapy in an attempt to find the optimal time to resume therapy. The study analyzed consecutive patients with antiplatelet-associated GIB from Beijing Friendship Hospital Information System between October 2019 and June 2022. The primary outcomes were recurrent bleeding, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACE), and all-cause death. Multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the risks of these outcomes. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to find the optimal time to resume treatment. Of the 617 patients with GIB after antiplatelet therapy successfully followed up, the median follow‐up was 246 (interquartile range: 120–466) days, most patients (87.36%) interrupted therapy after GIB and 45.22% resumed within 90 days, of which 35.13% resumed within 7 days and 64.87% resumed after 7 days. Resumption therapy had a low risk of recurrent bleeding (uninterrupted as a reference: HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15–0.67, p = 0.003), MACE (no resumption as a reference: HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.98, p = 0.037), and all-cause death (no resumption as a reference: HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.08–0.40, p < 0.001). And resuming therapy within 7 days had a lower risk of MACE (HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.08–0.44, p < 0.001) than after 7 days without a significantly higher risk of re-bleeding. The optimal time point for resuming therapy in this study was 8.5 days. Resuming antiplatelet therapy after GIB provides better clinical benefits compared to discontinued and uninterrupted therapy, especially compared with resuming after 7 days, resuming within 7 days is associated with a lower risk of MACE and a less significant increased risk of recurrent bleeding, leading to a higher net clinical benefit. China Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR2200064063.

The cladoceran fauna is well studied across the Palaearctic, but remains poorly known in the Republic of Tyva, Russia. Our database represents the results of the faunistic survey of the cladocerans in this region performed during almost 30 years (1993–2022). A total of 902 sites were investigated, most of them being located in mountain areas (49°45' – 53°46' North latitude and 88°49' – 98°56' East longitude). The dataset includes the cladocerans sampled from permanent and temporary waterbodies with varying depths, altitudes and salinity levels. Sampling was conducted using plankton nets and then samples were transported to the Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources of the Siberian Branch of RAS for identification and further examined at the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Ecology RAS. Species were identified, based on recent monographs and juvenile specimens (sometimes indeterminable, based on morphological methods) were excluded from the dataset. The dataset was published as a Darwin Core Archive in GBIF. For each sampling event, the coordinates of the location, date and collector are recorded. The dataset contains information on zooplankton and microzoobenthos from numerous permanent and temporary waterbodies in the Republic of Tyva, Russian Federation. Previously, the region’s cladoceran fauna was poorly studied. Our core data table includes 3,599 records representing 76 species from 902 locations. The most species-rich families are Chydoridae (30 species from 17 genera) and Daphniidae (26 species from 5 genera). No invasive species were detected. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the plankton and microzoobenthos communities in the Central Asian mountain regions.

High-precision underwater positioning must eliminate the influence of refraction artefacts. Since a Time Of Arrival - Global Navigation Satellite System Intelligent Buoys (TOA-GIB) system does not measure incident beam angles, common refraction correction methods cannot be directly used for refraction artefacts. An Equivalent Sound Speed (ESS) iteration method is proposed and is based on the transformation relations between depth, the ESS gradient and the incident beam angle. On this basis, a TOA/AOA-GIB system without a real-time Sound Speed Profile (SSP) is proposed to estimate the target position and the ESS gradient as unknown parameters. The results from a simulation experiment show that the positioning accuracy of a TOA/AOA-GIB system is better than 0·07% of water depth when the accuracy of the incident beam angle is 0·1°.

Introduction Literature on influenza focuses on influenza A, despite influenza B having a large public health impact. The Global Influenza B Study aims to collect information on global epidemiology and burden of disease of influenza B since 2000. Methods Twenty‐six countries in the Southern (n = 5) and Northern (n = 7) hemispheres and intertropical belt (n = 14) provided virological and epidemiological data. We calculated the proportion of influenza cases due to type B and Victoria and Yamagata lineages in each country and season; tested the correlation between proportion of influenza B and maximum weekly influenza‐like illness (ILI) rate during the same season; determined the frequency of vaccine mismatches; and described the age distribution of cases by virus type. Results The database included 935 673 influenza cases (2000–2013). Overall median proportion of influenza B was 22·6%, with no statistically significant differences across seasons. During seasons where influenza B was dominant or co‐circulated (>20% of total detections), Victoria and Yamagata lineages predominated during 64% and 36% of seasons, respectively, and a vaccine mismatch was observed in ≈25% of seasons. Proportion of influenza B was inversely correlated with maximum ILI rate in the same season in the Northern and (with borderline significance) Southern hemispheres. Patients infected with influenza B were usually younger (5–17 years) than patients infected with influenza A. Conclusion Influenza B is a common disease with some epidemiological differences from influenza A. This should be considered when optimizing control/prevention strategies in different regions and reducing the global burden of disease due to influenza.

Background Given that prioritization for liver transplantation (LT) is based primarily on the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores, patients with lower MELD scores, who experience chronic anemia and recurrent hypotension due to gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), tend to be marginalized. Methods A total of 581 patients with no evidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease 2 months before LT constituted a retrospective cohort. Within this cohort, a nested case–control study was conducted that included 134 patients with preoperative GIB (GIB(+)) and 246 matched patients without preoperative GIB (GIB(−)). A subgroup analysis was conducted based on the occurrence of AKI (AKI(− /+)) within 2 months prior to LT. Results The incidence of preoperative AKI was significantly higher in patients with GIB(+) compared with patients with GIB(−) (14.9% vs 8.1%, P =0.039), along with higher rates of postoperative complications and prolonged hospital stay; however, long-term survival rates were similar between the two groups. Subgroup analysis also revealed that the postoperative incidence of AKI and mortality rates at 60 days were elevated in patients with preoperative GIB(+) AKI(+) compared with patients with GIB(+) AKI(−). Furthermore, 5-year survival rates were significantly lower for patients with GIB(+) AKI(+) (65.0% vs 82.5%, P  = 0.040). However, no significant difference was observed between the two subgroups of AKI(+) (GIB(+) versus GIB(−)) and the two subgroups of AKI(−) in relation to postoperative complications, short-term mortality, and long-term survival rates. Conclusions Patients who experience preoperative GIB face an elevated risk of developing AKI, which is significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis for LT. A more proactive approach is needed to assess the transplant priority of patients with GIB on the waiting list.