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This paper models the dynamics of long-term Chinese government bond (CGB) yields based on an autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach. It examines whether the current short-term interest rate has a decisive influence on long-term CGB yields, after controlling for various macroeconomic variables. The estimated models all show that the current short-term interest rate has an economically and statistically significant effect on the long-term CGB yields of various maturity tenors. John Maynard Keynes claimed that a central bank’s policy rate exerts an important influence over long-term government bond yields through the current short-term interest rate. The paper’s findings evince that Keynes’s claim holds for China, implying that the actions of the People’s Bank of China(PBoC) are a key driver of the long-term CGB yields.

According to the preferred-habitat view, there are investor clienteles with preferences for specific maturities, and the interest rate for a given maturity is influenced by the demand of the corresponding clientele and the supply of bonds with that maturity. In this paper, we argue for the relevance of the preferred-habitat view by presenting two recent episodes that strongly support it: the UK pension reform of 2004, and the US Treasury's buyback program of 2000-2001, then explain how these episodes can be understood within a modern theory of preferred habitat. We conclude by discussing the relevance of preferred habitat for central bank policies during the 2007-2009 financial crisis.

By analysing the development and operation of local government bonds (LGBs), a new tool fashioned by the Chinese government to finance infrastructure projects, this article improves the understanding of the political economy of China's local debt. We find that the central government uses LGBs to intervene in local debt and pursue policy objectives, and designs a quota system to decide the bond issuing amount and the project selection. When calculating quotas, the central government prioritizes limiting financial risk and achieving national development goals. Local debt should match the fiscal capacity of local governments, and the projects should contribute to the sectors emphasized by the central government as important for national development, reflecting the centralization of central–local relations. However, LGBs hardly fix the problem of local debt, and the pressure to maintain economic growth by expanding infrastructure investment has pushed local debt to an alarming level.

This paper uses time series data to analyze the impact of climate risk and other factors on the yields of government bonds and non-govemment bonds. The results show that the impact of climate risk on government bond yields is much greater than that on non-govemment bond yields. Issuance has an effect on both government bond yields and non-govemment bond yields, but has a smaller effect on government bond yields and a larger effect on non-govemment bond yields. Duration has a bigger effect on government bond yields than on non-govemment bonds. The main reason is that the maturity of non-government bonds is generally shorter, while the maturity of government bonds is relatively longer. Credit risk has a much bigger impact on non-government bond yields. Because government bonds have little credit risk, default rates are low. Non-government bond's credit risk is relatively large with high default risk. Whether government bonds are traded across markets or not has a big impact on government bonds.

This paper introduces a new dataset on the composition of the investor base for government securities in the G20 advanced economies and the euro area. During the last decades, investors from abroad have increased their presence in government bond markets. The financial crisis broke this trend. Domestic financial institutions allocated a larger share of government securities in their portfolios, as Japan has done since its crisis in the 1990s. Increases in the share held by institutional investors or non-residents by 10 percentage points are associated with a reduction in yields by about 25 or 40 basis points, respectively. The data show a varied lead-lag relationship between bond yields and investor holdings. Portfolio balance estimates suggest that a change in statutory or regulatory holdings of government securities to the tune of 10 percent of the outstanding stock causes expected returns to decline by 7 to 25 basis points.

ABSTRACT This paper econometrically models the dynamics of Chilean government bond (CLGB) yields from a Keynesian perspective. It applies a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) approach to monthly macroeconomic and financial data to examine whether the current short-term interest rate has a decisive influence on long-term CLGB yields, after controlling for key variables, such as inflation, the growth of industrial production, and the percentage changes in the equity price index, the Chilean peso’s (CLP) exchange rate, and the Banco Central de Chile’s (BCCH) total assets.

The paper analyses the importance of government bonds as the key instrument on the capital market and their effect on interest rates on deposits in Croatia. February 2023 saw the first government bonds issued in Croatia, which provided citizens with safe investment opportunities, especially following low interest rates periods across Europe that continued several months into Croatia's accession to the euro area. The authors define two hypotheses regarding the effect of government bonds and the European Central Bank (ECB) on interest rates, trying to determine whose relative effect was greater of the two. Combining principal component analysis and regression analysis, the authors determine that government bonds have a limited effect on interest rates, whereas ECB $ effect is much more significant. The results suggest a complex dynamic between fiscal and monetary policy, highlighting proactive government measures for stimulating investments and development of the Croatian capital market.

In recent years, China’s local governments have issued numerous bonds to support the country’s economic development. However, as total debt accumulates, the pressure on debt repayments is gradually increasing. To increase the sustainability of local government debt, we propose a multi-period stochastic optimization-based approach to determining the portfolio composition of issued bonds, with the goal of minimizing the expected cost under the constraints of liquidity risk and cost deviation risk. Liquidity risk is measured by conditional payment-at-risk (CPaR), and cost deviation risk is measured by conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). By bounding CVaR and CPaR, local governments can control the levels of cost deviation risk and liquidity risk. To alleviate future liquidity risk, which is caused by the issuance of a large number of long-term bonds to deliberately reduce repayment pressure within a debt planning horizon, we consider an extended liquidity planning horizon to manage both current and future liquidity risk. Based on this, we analyze the efficient frontier and portfolio compositions of issued bond under the constraints of different CVaR and CPaR levels. Compared with actual Chinese local government bond portfolios, the efficient frontier performs better for different issuance strategies.

Britain’s decision to exit the EU lead to disruptions in global markets. This study investigates the change in the return and volatility spillover pattern due to the repercussions of the Brexit vote between the US, France, the UK, Germany, and India’s 10-year government bond yields by applying the VAR and GARCH-BEKK models. The findings demonstrate a substantial rise in the return spillover to India and USA 10-year government bond yields following the Brexit vote compared to the pre-Brexit vote era. In addition, the results showed evidence of unidirectional volatility spillover from India to France, bidirectional volatility spillover between the USA and India, and unidirectional volatility spillover from the UK to India 10-year government bond market post-Brexit vote. However, there was no interconnection between these markets before the Brexit vote. Therefore, the Brexit vote did affect and significantly increased the linkage between the US, France, the UK, and India’s 10-year government bond market. The increase in correlation in India-US, India-UK, and India-France’s 10-year government bond markets will help predict and have an important implication for hedgers, decision-makers, and portfolio managers if similar political events occur in the future.

This paper analyzes recent developments in the British and European government bond markets with reference to the UK’s decision to leave the European Union. The two main goals of the study are, firstly, to examine whether the Brexit referendum result has affected the risk premium and, secondly, whether there are any changes in risk pricing following the referendum. The paper finds a significant impact of the Brexit referendum on the risk premium in selected economies. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is a considerable change in risk pricing after the announcement of the referendum result. Credit default risk and the risk aversion play a much important role in the post-referendum period than they did prior to the vote, particularly in the UK.