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"GRASSES"
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Watch grass grow = ¡Mira cómo crece el césped!
Learn about the many different types of grasses.
Book
Distribution patterns of rDNA loci in the Schedonorus-Lolium complex
 The Schedonorus-Lolium complex of the subtribe Loliinae (Poaceae) includes several economically important forage and turf grasses. This complex encompasses Lolium Linnaeus, 1753, Festuca Linnaeus, 1753 subgenus Schedonorus (P. Beauvois, 1824) Petermann, 1849 and Micropyropsis Romero Zarco et Cabezudo, 1983. New FISH results of 5S and 18S-26S rDNA sequences are presented for three species and the results are interpreted in a review of distribution patterns of 5S and 18S-26S rDNA sequences among other species in the complex. Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero Zarco et Cabezudo, 1983 (2n = 2x = 14) displayed a distribution pattern of rDNA sequences identical to that of F. pratensis Hudson, 1762, supporting a close phylogenetic relationship at the bottom of the phylogenetic tree. \"Lolium multiflorum\" Lamarck, 1779 accessions sourced from Morocco showed a different pattern from European L. multiflorum and could be a unique and previously uncharacterised taxon. North African Festuca simensis Hochstetter ex A. Richard, 1851 had a marker pattern consistent with allotetraploidy and uniparental loss of one 18S-26S rDNA locus. This allotetraploid has previously been suggested to have originated from a hybrid with Festuca glaucescens (Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens Boissier, 1844). However, the distribution patterns of the two rDNA sequences in this allotetraploid do not align with F. glaucescens, suggesting that its origin from this species is unlikely. Furthermore, comparisons with other higher alloploids in the complex indicate that F. simensis was a potential donor of two sub-genomes of allohexaploid Festuca gigantea (Linnaeus) Villars, 1787. In the overall complex, the proximal locations of both rDNA markers were conserved among the diploid species. Two types of synteny of the two markers could, to a considerable extent, distinguish allo- and autogamous Lolium species. The ancestral parentage of the three Festuca allotetraploids has not yet been determined, but all three appear to have been sub-genome donors to the higher allopolypoids of sub-genus Schedonorus. Terminal locations of both the markers were absent from the diploids but were very frequently observed in the polyploids. Keywords: Festuca , FISH, karyotype evolution, Lolium , rDNA locus evolution, species diversification
Journal Article
Grasses
Grasses explains the history of our relationship with these humble yet vital plants from the end of the last Ice Age to the present day, exploring how these staple crops bear the mark of human influence more visibly than any other plant and how we, in turn, are motivated to protect green space such as public parks. This symbolic connection must be understood against the background of climate change, since humans will need to find a way to balance their need for grass as food, as living space and potentially even as fuel. Mixing biology, sociology and cultural history, and featuring numerous botanical images as well as many fine examples from art and culture, Grasses is a must-have for gardeners, food lovers and environmentalists alike.
Book
Biological productivity of the landscapes of the Republic of Tyva
The article considers the results of research on the biological productivity of the ecosystems of the Republic of Tuva, in particular, the dynamics of phytomass reserves, pure primary products were carried out in various landscapes of Tuva from 1996 to 2021. It was revealed that the landscape zones of Tuva differ in area, climate and biome structure, where the main producers are grass ecosystems that form 48% of the NPP, the contribution of forests reaches 46%, agrocenoses 1.5%, i.e. more than 90% of products are created in almost equal quantities by forest and grass biomes.
Journal Article
Responses of legumes and grasses to non-, moderate, and dense shade in Missouri, USA. I. Forage yield and its species-level plasticity
Annual screenings of forage grasses and legumes for shade tolerance were conducted from 1996 to 2001 in the outdoor Shade Tolerance Screening Laboratory at the Horticulture and Agroforestry Research Center, University of Missouri. Forty-three forages were grown under non-shade (100% of full sunlight), moderate shade (45%), and dense shade (20%) without competition for water and nutrients. Annual forage yield (g pot−1) was equal to or higher under moderate shade for all 43 forages and under dense shade for 31 forages than the non-shade control. Relative distance plasticity index (RDPI), a measure of a species’ adaptability to different environments, ranged from 0.104 to 0.567. Cool season grasses had the lowest RDPI (0.183), followed by warm season grasses (0.252), warm season legumes (0.274), and cool season legumes (0.314), indicating grasses tend to be more shade tolerant than legumes in terms of forage yield. Overall, most grass and legume forages have the potential to produce equivalent or higher yields in agroforestry practices featuring light to moderate shade than forages in open pastures when competition from tree roots is minimized.
Journal Article
We are growing!
\"Walt is not the tallest or the curliest or the pointiest or even the crunchiest. A confounded blade of grass searches for his 'est' in this ... story about growing up\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Native Perennial Grasses Show Evolutionary Response to Bromus tectorum
Invasive species can change selective pressures on native plants by altering biotic and abiotic conditions in invaded habitats. Although invasions can lead to native species extirpation, they may also induce rapid evolutionary changes in remnant native plants. We investigated whether adult plants of five native perennial grasses exhibited trait shifts consistent with evolution in response to invasion by the introduced annual grass Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass), and asked how much variation there was among species and populations in the ability to grow successfully with the invader. Three hundred and twenty adult plants were collected from invaded and uninvaded communities from four locations near Reno, Nevada, USA. Each plant was divided in two and transplanted into the greenhouse. One clone was grown with B. tectorum while the other was grown alone, and we measured tolerance (ability to maintain size) and the ability to reduce size of B. tectorum for each plant. Plants from invaded populations consistently had earlier phenology than those from uninvaded populations, and in two out of four sites, invaded populations were more tolerant of B. tectorum competition than uninvaded populations. Poa secunda and one population of E. multisetus had the strongest suppressive effect on B. tectorum, and these two species were the only ones that flowered in competition with B. tectorum. Our study indicates that response to B. tectorum is a function of both location and species identity, with some, but not all, populations of native grasses showing trait shifts consistent with evolution in response to B. tectorum invasion within the Great Basin.
Journal Article
Effects of elevated CO.sub.2 on competition between native and invasive grasses
Elevated atmospheric CO.sub.2 concentration increases the performance of invasive plants relative to natives when grown in monoculture, but it is unclear how that will affect the relative competitive abilities per se of invasive and native grasses grown together. We tested competitive outcomes for four native and four invasive perennial C3 and C4 grasses under ambient (390 ppm) and elevated (700 or 1000 ppm) CO.sub.2 concentrations in the greenhouse with non-limiting water and nutrients. We predicted that elevated CO.sub.2 would increase the competitive suppression of native grasses by invasive grasses. To test this, we determined the relative interaction intensity of biomass allocation for natives grown alone vs. those grown in native-invasive species pairs. We also measured photosynthetic traits that contribute to plant invasiveness and may be affected by elevated CO.sub.2 concentrations for species pairs in mixture to determine native-invasive relative performance. We found no effect of CO.sub.2 for the aboveground biomass and tiller production measures of interaction intensity or for relative performance for most of the measured photosynthetic traits. In competition, the invaders nearly always outperform natives in biomass and tiller production, regardless of CO.sub.2 level. The results suggest that increasing CO.sub.2 concentration alone has little effect on grass competitive outcomes under controlled conditions.
Journal Article
