Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
6,398,539
result(s) for
"Gain"
Sort by:
Gestational weight gain across continents and ethnicity: systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and infant outcomes in more than one million women
Background
The association between Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and pregnancy outcomes across ethnicities is uncertain. We evaluated the associations of gestational weight gain (GWG) outside 2009 IOM guidelines, with maternal and infant outcomes across the USA, western Europe and east Asia, with subgroup analyses in Asia. The aim was to explore ethnic differences in maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG and health outcomes across these regions.
Methods
Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of observational studies were used for the study. MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase and all Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Reviews were searched from 1999 to 2017. Studies were stratified by prepregnancy BMI category and total pregnancy GWG. Odds ratio (ORs) 95% confidence intervals (CI) applied recommended GWG within each BMI category as the reference. Primary outcomes were small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth and large for gestational age (LGA). Secondary outcomes were macrosomia, caesarean section and gestational diabetes.
Results
Overall, 5874 studies were identified and 23 were included (
n
= 1,309,136). Prepregnancy overweight/obesity in the USA, Europe and Asia was measured at 42%, 30% and 10% respectively, with underweight 5%, 3% and 17%. GWG below guidelines in the USA, Europe and Asia was 21%, 18% and 31%, and above was 51%, 51% and 37% respectively. Applying regional BMI categories in Asia showed GWG above guidelines (51%) was similar to that in the USA and Europe.
GWG below guidelines was associated with a higher risk of SGA (USA/Europe [OR 1.51; CI 1.39, 1.63]; Asia [1.63; 1.45, 1.82]) and preterm birth (USA/Europe [1.35; 1.17, 1.56]; Asia [1.06; 0.78, 1.44]) than GWG within guidelines. GWG above guidelines was associated with a higher risk of LGA (USA/Europe [1.93; 1.81, 2.06]; Asia [1.68; 1.51 , 1.87]), macrosomia (USA/Europe [1.87; 1.70, 2.06]; Asia [2.18; 1.91, 2.49]) and caesarean (USA/Europe [1.26; 1.21, 1.33]; Asia [1.37; 1.30, 1.45]). Risks remained elevated when regional BMI categories were applied for GWG recommendations. More women in Asia were categorised as having GWG below guidelines using World Health Organization (WHO) (60%) compared to regional BMI categories (16%), yet WHO BMI was not accompanied by increased risks of adverse outcomes.
Conclusions
Women in the USA and western Europe have higher prepregnancy BMI and higher rates of GWG above guidelines than women in east Asia. However, when using regional BMI categories in east Asia, rates of GWG above guidelines are similar across the three continents. GWG outside guidelines is associated with adverse outcomes across all regions. If regional BMI categories are used in east Asia, IOM guidelines are applicable in the USA, western Europe and east Asia.
Journal Article
Structureaproperty relations in donoraacceptoradonor type benzimidazole containing conjugated polymers
In order to gain deeper insight about structureaproperty relations properties, two novel donoraacceptoradonor type monomers were studied. 4a2-Tert-butyl-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)spiro[benzo[d]imidazole-2,1a2 -cyclohexane] and 4,7-di(2,2a2-bithiophen-5-yl)-4a2-tert-butylspiro[benzo[d]imidazo le-2,1a2-cyclohexane] were synthesized and electrochemically polymerized. Electrochemical and optical properties of the polymers were investigated via cyclic voltammetry and UVaVisaNIR spectroscopy techniques. It was found that changing donor unit from thiophene to bithiophene results in a drastic change in optical and electrochemical properties, especially in optical contrast.
Journal Article
Approach for time-scale modification of speech based on TCNMF
This paper presents a novel approach for time-scale modification (TSM) of speech based on temporal continuous nonnegative matrix factorisation. First, the magnitude spectrum of the speech is factorised to the nonnegative space and the time-varying gains. Then, the TSM problem is transformed into an interpolation problem of the time-varying gains, which leads to a better performance over the traditional methods based on waveform overlap-add. The superiority of the proposed approach is confirmed by the comparative tests against the traditional methods, including OLA, SOLA, WSOLA, and PSOLA.
Journal Article
The kite collector
\"Each time James has earned enough money from walking dogs, raking leaves or watering plants, he buys a kite. James loves collecting kites, which he keeps neat and in order in his bedroom cupboard. His little sister, GG, loves opening cupboard doors and pulling things out. So it's only a matter of time before GG toddles into James's room and discovers his kite collection. 'NO, GG! BAD, GG! NEVER AGAIN, GG!'GG doesn't like the word NO. She doesn't like being called BAD. And she doesn't understand the word NEVER. James doesn't like the way he made GG feel, so he decides to make it up to her by using his spare cash to buy her a kite of her very own. GG adores her new pirate kite. She invites it to tea, reads it bedtime stories and sleeps beside it at night. Everything is safe again, beautiful, tidy and just right ... But it's only a matter of time before GG decides she wants to fly her kite. 'NO, GG! Flying kites is DANGEROUS. It could get TANGLED, TORN or fly away FOREVER!' GG does not like the words NO or DANGEROUS. And she did not understand the words TANGLED, TORN or FOREVER. Has the time come for James to reconsider his idea of 'just right' ... ?\"-- Provided by publisher.
CHILDBOOK
Gut microbiome diversity and high-fibre intake are related to lower long-term weight gain
Background:
Cross-sectional studies suggest that the microbes in the human gut have a role in obesity by influencing the human body’s ability to extract and store calories. The aim of this study was to assess if there is a correlation between change in body weight over time and gut microbiome composition.
Methods:
We analysed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence data derived from the faecal samples of 1632 healthy females from TwinsUK to investigate the association between gut microbiome measured cross-sectionally and longitudinal weight gain (adjusted for caloric intake and baseline body mass index). Dietary fibre intake was investigated as a possible modifier.
Results:
Less than half of the variation in long-term weight change was found to be heritable (h
2
=0.41 (0.31, 0.47)). Gut microbiota diversity was negatively associated with long-term weight gain, whereas it was positively correlated with fibre intake. Nine bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly associated with weight gain after adjusting for covariates, family relatedness and multiple testing (false discovery rate <0.05). OTUs associated with lower long-term weight gain included those assigned to
Ruminococcaceae
(associated in mice with improved energy metabolism) and
Lachnospiraceae
. A
Bacterioides
species OTU was associated with increased risk of weight gain but this appears to be driven by its correlation with lower levels of diversity.
Conclusions:
High gut microbiome diversity, high-fibre intake and OTUs implicated in animal models of improved energy metabolism are all correlated with lower term weight gain in humans independently of calorie intake and other confounders.
Journal Article
You're the boss : a kid's ultimate guide to starting your own business
\"Are you bursting with great ideas for a new business but aren't quite sure where to start? Do you know that you'd be great at selling something but first need to figure out what that \"something\" actually is? Are you gearing up to be an entrepreneur but think that kids can't really build anything big? If any of these sound like you--you've come to the right book! You're never too young to start a business. Whether you want to launch a babysitting service, run a lemonade stand, sell crafts online--or don't even know what business to start--You're the Boss is here to help. In this book, you'll learn how to figure out which business is right for you, find your ideal customers, manage the competition, calculate costs and profits, pitch your ideas, and so much more.\"-- Amazon.com.
CHILDBOOK
Metformin versus Placebo in Obese Pregnant Women without Diabetes Mellitus
Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and was compared with placebo in this study involving obese pregnant women without diabetes. Antenatal administration of metformin was associated with lower maternal weight gain but not in lower birth weight of the baby.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing both in developed countries and in developing countries, and obesity is considered to be a global pandemic.
1
An estimated one fifth of pregnant women in the United Kingdom and one third of those in the United States are obese.
2
,
3
Obesity during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse short-term and long-term consequences for both mother and baby.
4
–
11
Attempts at reducing the incidence of pregnancy complications associated with obesity have focused on dietary and lifestyle interventions, but these have generally been unsuccessful.
12
–
17
An alternative strategy is the use of metformin, . . .
Journal Article