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Galerucinae and Alticinae are typical herbivorous pests that seriously harm the growth of crops, trees, fruits, vegetables, and grasses worldwide. Historically, Galerucinae and Alticinae were treated as distinct sister subfamilies within Chrysomelidae. However, recent molecular phylogenetics and morphological reassessments have challenged this dichotomy, revealing that the boundary between these lineages is phylogenetically ambiguous. This study provides a systematic multi-view fusion framework, termed MVBeetle, for the convenient identification of the two target subfamilies. To this end, a multi-view image dataset was constructed based on synchronized high-resolution dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. The dataset comprises a total of 43 chrysomelid species, including 23 species from Galerucinae and 20 species from Alticinae. Subsequently, four convolutional neural network backbones (ResNet18, ResNet50, VGG16, and MobileNetV2) were developed as the core of MVBeetle by integrating multi-view features of leaf beetles. The experimental results show that the accuracy of multi-view fusion improved by 2.48%–12.95% compared with baseline models across the four networks. The optimized MVBeetle architecture achieved a peak classification accuracy of 94.44% ± 0.41%. Furthermore, Grad-CAM interpretability analysis indicated that MVBeetle’s attention significantly focused on key morphological features of different subfamilies (Alticinae and Galerucinae). Among these, the activation regions for Alticinae are mainly concentrated on the jumping legs, while Galerucinae focuses on the antennae. Importantly, cross-subfamily misclassifications were nearly zero, demonstrating the model’s strong taxonomic reliability. This study not only provides a high-precision and convenient classification model for leaf beetles, but also provides insights into the evolutionary morphology of beetles.

This study presents a taxonomic revision of the genus Macrima Baly, 1878 to advance the understanding of suprageneric, non-monophyletic “Monoleptites”. Through comprehensive morphological examinations of all type specimens, including detailed analyses of male and female genitalia and the structure of the cavitous anterior part of the head, we propose M. roseofulva Medvedev, 2011 and M. ferrugina Jiang, 1990 as new synonyms of M. aurantiaca (Laboissière, 1936), M. bifida Yang, 1992 a new synonym of M. cornuta (Laboissière, 1936), and M. yunnanensis (Laboissière, 1936) as a new synonym of M. pallida (Laboissière, 1936). In addition, M. costatipennis Jacoby, 1896 is transferred to Hoplosaenidea Laboissière, 1933 (comb. nov.). Color photos of habitus, body details, and genitalia are presented for all species.

Most Taiwanese species of Galerucinae s. str. have been revised taxonomically in recent years. In Taiwan, reduction of hindwings occurs in 37 species in eight genera. A citizen science-led fieldwork project (Taiwan Chrysomelid Research Team, TCRT) targeting the biology of galerucine species has produced many specimens for morphological and taxonomic study and allowed the development of evolutionary scenarios to explain hind-wing reduction in the following genera: Paraplotes Laboissière, Lochmaea Weise, Shairella Chûjô, Furusawaia Chûjô, Sikkimia Duviver, Taiwanoshaira Lee & Beenen, Apterogaleruca Chûjô, and Hirtigaleruca Chûjô. The results reveal that the drivers of the reduction of hindwings vary across different galerucine genera in Taiwan based on character complexes involved in the transformations.

In this study, fifteen species of Gallerucida Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), with spotted elytra, from China are reviewed, including one new record: G. balyi (Duvivier, 1885), six new species: G. fortispina Xu & Yang, sp. nov. , G. levifasciata Xu & Nie, sp. nov. , G. nigrovittata Xu & Yang, sp. nov. , G. octodecimpunctata Xu & Yang, sp. nov. , G. piceusfasciata Xu & Yang, sp. nov. , G. rufipectoralis Xu & Nie, sp. nov. , and Aplosonyx gansuica (Chen, 1942), comb. nov . is removed from genus Gallerucida . A key to the spotted-elytron species of Gallerucida from China is given as well as habitus photographs of the related species and Aplosonyx gansuica comb. nov. and photographs of the aedeagus of each new species.

In this study, 25 species of Oides Weber from China were reviewed. Among them, the following seven new species are described: Oides angustasp. nov., O. cystoprocessasp. nov., O. paraborerisp. nov., O. parabowringiisp. nov., O. parathibettanasp. nov., O. shimenensissp. nov., and O. yunnanensissp. nov.; Oides innocua Gahan has been recorded in China for the first time. A key to all the Chinese Oides species is provided.

Galerucinae is a rich group of leaf beetles. A new, up-to date checklist of Galerucinae genera in the world is provided, including the number of valid species of each genus. Genera and species were counted in literature published before the end of 2016. In summary, 7145 species (7132 recent, 13 fossils) and 192 subspecies from 543 genera (542 recent, 1 fossil) were quantified in Galerucinae In comparison with the previous catalogue of worldwide Galerucinae (Wilcox 1971-1973), an additional 91 valid genera, 1341 valid species (1337 recent, 4 fossils) and 38 subspecies have been published; 43 genera were synonymized, four genera were transferred into Alticini, two subgenera were elevated to genus rank, and one genus was downgraded to subgenus rank. The updated list of references to taxonomic publications on Galerucinae from the period 1971-2016 is provided.

Five subfamilies within Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles) have larvae that retain their feces as a coat or armor which serves for thermoregulation, camouflage, or barrier to enemies. The construction, retention and repair of these fecal structures are associated with specialized larval morphologies in the tortoise beetles (subfamily Cassidinae) and in the Cryptocephalinae + Lamprosomatinae (Camptosomata), but morphology associated with fecal encrustations on larvae in the Blepharida -group flea beetles (Galerucinae: Alticini) and in Criocerinae have not been examined. Experiments with live larvae of Podontia quatuordecimpunctata (L., 1767) (or sineguelas leaf beetle, SLB; Blepharida group) reveal the anus opens dorsally and deposits feces directly to the larva’s dorsum; the armor is maintained and is reconstructed. Scanning electron microscopy reveals integumental microtrichia that presumably hold on the feces. This invasive beetle has become an introduced tree-crop pest in the Philippines, so ongoing research seeks to mitigate its population. Insecticidal chemical assays show that fecal armor does not fully protect SLB larvae but delays potency slightly. The study recommends rotating the insecticides (Imidacloprid, Cypermethrin, and Buprofezin) to prevent the development of resistance. Specialized morphology for fecal retention is known in Cassidinae, Camptosomata and is now documented in the Blepharida group. Such morphology and the fecal-building behavior can offer additional phylogenetic information for these beetles.

Two new species of Hesperopenna Medvedev & Dang, 1981 are described from Singapore: H. temasek sp. nov. and H. bakeri sp. nov. The specimens of both new species were collected by Charles Fuller Baker and found in the unidentified Galerucinae material deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Hesperopenna temasek sp. nov. is diagnosed by the black extreme elytral suture in the basal third, antennae longer than the body, the structure of the penis, and the last abdominal ventrite with two deep U-shaped incisions in females. Hesperopenna bakeri sp. nov. is diagnosed by the black tibia and first two tarsomeres, and the structure of the penis.

The current climate has facilitated biological invasions worldwide, with the spread of invasive species accelerating over the last few decades. Introductions of species are often accidental and facilitated by many factors, including intercontinental trade. In this paper, we explore the secondary range of an adventive flea beetle native to Asia, Luperomorpha xanthodera, which was recently found in many European countries on several occurrences. This species has detrimental effects mainly on ornamental plants, being destructive to leaves and flowers, which can have serious negative economic consequences. We inferred current and future potential distribution of this alien species using Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) and analysed the future increase in suitable areas in European countries. Suitable climatic conditions for L. xanthodera are assumed to be similar to that in areas where this species currently occurs, which includes Ireland and some Balkan countries, where the species is not recorded yet. In the future, a North-eastern expansion is predicted, with many countries currently lacking suitable climatic conditions for L. xanthodera becoming suitable and potentially colonizable by this species. The geographic trend revealed and quantified in our analysis follows the increase in the mean temperature in the coldest quarter of the year, which is predicted to rise in the next 30 years. This will result in this species spreading from south-western Europe to North-Eastern countries, such as Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Belarus and Latvia, which should adopt preventive measures to avoid the accidental introduction of L. xanthodera.

Galerucinae is one of the most species-rich leaf beetle group with its greatest diversity occurring in tropical forests. There are 1680 nominal species of Afrotropical Galerucinae s. str. (without Alticini) described. Considering global diversity estimations, many unknown species can be presumed. Several taxa traditionally placed in \"Monoleptites\", have been revised in the last twenty years. To date 259 species have been re-examined, revealing in 139 valid species and 120 mainly newly recognized synonyms. This large number of synonyms can mainly be ascribed to highly variable colour patterns, a typical character used for the identification of many chrysomelid species. Genitalic structures and molecular work can support a more precise allocation to species. Within around 72,000 specimens of galerucines s. str. from 48 museums and private collections, only 107 species were newly described. After revising approximately 15% of the Afrotropical galerucine fauna their species richness decreased from 259 to 246 species, a pattern that appears to be similar to that for other African galerucine groups. Since the estimation of the extent of global diversity based mainly on insect species richness in tropical forests, our current study which is based on hard data suggests a much lower diversity than previously predicted.