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Holmes focuses on the development of imperial portraiture on the coinage of Gallienus (AD 253-268). Perhaps the chief element which distinguishes the coinage of the Roman emperors of the second half of the third century AD from that of their immediate predecessors is the wide variety of imperial portraits which were used, to a greater or lesser extent, by all of them. Gallienus pioneered the use of several styles of portrait never previously seen on coins of central imperial mints. Gallienus was to demonstrate by many of his actions that he did not feel bound by these accepted guidelines at all. The consequences of this disagreement may lie behind some of the numismatic innovations which he instituted.

Holmes focuses on some gold coins of Gallienus and Saloninus. Coins of the earliest years of the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus struck using reverse dies previously used for issues of Trebonianus Gallus, Volusian and Aemilian are not unknown, and late Professor Robert Gobi listed a number of billon and bronze types which fall into that category. He was not aware of any gold equivalents, however. Gold quinarii (half aurei), like the Saloninus Caesar quinarius aureus, are all extremely rare today. Such tiny gold coins can not have been intended to serve as circulating currency, and they presumably formed part of military donatives. This particular type has not been recorded in modern times.

As a prominent cavalry commander and usurper during the reign of the emperor Gallienus, Aureolus was an important figure of the mid-third century ad, but many details of his failed revolt derive from the Lives of the Thirty Tyrants in the Historia Augusta. Instead of dismissing the account of his downfall and commemoration as historically unreliable, this article analyzes it within a fourth-century context of usurpation and civil war, and thus connects Aureolus’ burial to the contemporary world of the Historia Augusta.

This article presents an English translation and analysis of a new historical fragment, probably from Dexippus’ Scythica, published by Gunther Martin and Jana Grusková in 2014. The fragment, preserved in a palimpsest in the Austrian National Library, describes a Gothic attack on Thessalonica and the subsequent preparations of the Greeks to repel the barbarian force as it moved south into Achaia. The new text provides several important details of historical, prosopographical and historiographical significance, which challenge both our existing understanding of the events in Greece during the reign of Gallienus and the reading of the main literary sources for this period. In this article we look to secure the Dexippan authorship of the fragment, identify the individuals named in the text, and date the events described in the text to the early 260s a.d.

Among the more frequently encountered coins issued during the joint reign of Valerian I and Gallienus (AD 253-260) are the antoniniani struck for Valerian II, elder son of Gallienus, with reverse IOVI CRESCENTI and the image of a boy seated side-saddle on the back of a goat, facing to the right. This reverse type is unparalleled in any other coin series, and its significance in terms of imperial propaganda has been touched on in various fairly old sources but, perhaps because of its very familiarity, it has received little attention in more recent studies of the iconography of the coinage of this period. The recent appearance in the trade of what appears to be the first recorded occurrence of the IOVI CRESCENTI reverse on a bronze coin has provided the impetus for this short study, focussing on the coin series as a whole and the derivation of the reverse type.

This study incorporates findings of the 1932-1939 excavations. Originally published in 1962. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This book deals with changing power and status relations between AD 193 and 284, when the Empire came under tremendous pressure, and presents new insights into the diachronic development of imperial administration and socio-political hierarchies between the second and fourth centuries.

At some time between A.D. 260 and 268 the emperor Gallienus did an unprecedented and unparalleled thing. He had himself represented on his coins with the feminine-gender Latin legend Galliena Augusta. MacCoull suggests a rationale for this astonishing propaganda gesture by a reigning emperor during the troubled third century.