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High‐strength galvanized steel wire (HSGSW), as a critical load‐bearing component in bridge cable systems, is highly susceptible to environmental corrosion during long‐term service, posing significant threats to the safety and durability of bridge structures. To address this issue, this study systematically investigates the corrosion behavior and mechanical performance degradation of HSGSW in the presence of N,N′‐dimethylethanolamine (N,N′‐DMEA), an organic corrosion inhibitor. Electrochemical accelerated corrosion tests combined with weight loss measurements were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the inhibition efficiency of N,N′‐DMEA under varying concentrations and exposure durations. SEM and EDS were employed to characterize the microstructural evolution and surface chemical composition of corroded specimens. The effects of corrosion inhibition treatment on the mechanical degradation of HSGSW were further analyzed based on load–displacement curves obtained from tensile tests. The results indicate that N,N′‐DMEA forms a protective adsorption film on the steel surface, significantly enhancing corrosion resistance, with an optimal inhibitor concentration of 0.08 mol·L−1. As corrosion progresses, the corrosion products evolve into a dark, porous structure primarily composed of Fe, leading to the formation of localized pits and inducing stress concentration, which alters the fracture mode from a typical cup‐and‐cone morphology to a mixed splitting–milling fracture. Inhibitor concentrations not exceeding 0.08 mol·L−1 show a positive correlation with inhibition efficiency, while increased current density results in reduced efficiency. Notably, under equivalent corrosion conditions, specimens treated with the inhibitor exhibited significantly higher ultimate tensile strength than untreated ones, with an estimated service life extension of approximately 150%. This study provides a novel technical approach for the corrosion protection of HSGSW used in bridge cables and offers valuable engineering guidance for ensuring the long‐term safe operation of cable‐supported bridges. This paper proposes N,N′‐DMEA to inhibit HSGSW corrosion, characterizes its induced mechanical degradation, and identifies the optimum N,N′‐DMEA ratio for HSGSW in cable‐stayed bridge structures. It offers a new technical approach for protecting bridge cable high‐strength steel wires.

Accurate and efficient white-spot defects detection for the surface of galvanized strip steel is one of the most important guarantees for the quality of steel production. It is a fundamental but “hard” small target detection problem due to its small pixel occupation in low-contrast images. By fully exploiting the low-rank and sparse prior information of a surface defect image, a Schatten-p norm-based low-rank tensor decomposition (SLRTD) method is proposed to decompose the defect image into low-rank background, sparse defect, and random noise. Firstly, the original defect images are transformed into a new patch-based tensor mode through data reconstruction for mining valuable information of the defect image. Then, considering the over-shrinkage problem in the low-rank component estimation caused by a vanilla nuclear norm and a weighted nuclear norm, a nonlinear reweighting strategy based on a Schatten p-norm is incorporated to improve the decomposition performance. Finally, a solution framework is proposed via a well-designed alternating direction method of multipliers to obtain the white-spot defect target image by a simple segmenting algorithm. The white-spot defect dataset from a real-world galvanized strip steel production line is constructed, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SLRTD method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods qualitatively and quantitatively.

Since hot-dip galvanizing causes a heat effect on cold-worked steel substrate and produces a coating layer comprised of distinct phases with varying mechanical properties, the fatigue mechanism of hot-dip galvanized steel is very complex and hard to clarify. In this study, AISI 1020 steel that has been normalized to minimize susceptibility to the heat effect was used to clarify the effect of the galvanizing layer on the tensile and fatigue properties. The galvanizing layer causes a reduction in the yield point, tensile strength, and fatigue strength. The reduction in the fatigue strength was more significant in the high cycle fatigue at R = 0.5 and 0.01 and in the low cycle fatigue at R = 0.5. The galvanizing layer seems to have very little effect on the fatigue strength at R = −1.0 in the low and high cycle fatigue. Since the fatigue strengths at R = 0.01 and −1.0 in the low cycle fatigue were strongly related to the tensile strength of the substrate, the cracking of galvanized steel was different than that of non-galvanized steel. The fatigue strength of galvanized steel at R = 0.5 dropped remarkably in the low cycle fatigue in comparison to the non-galvanized steel, and many cracks clearly occurred in the galvanizing layer. The galvanizing layer reduced the fatigue strength only under tension–tension loading. We believe that the findings in this study will be useful in the fatigue design of hot-dip galvanized steel.

This study explores the tensile performance of blind rivet joints in galvanized steel sheets, focusing on their behavior under shear and normal load conditions. Blind rivets are frequently used in structural applications due to their ease of installation and ability to be applied from one side, making them highly effective in industries like aerospace and automotive. Two types of DIN 7337—4.8 × 8 blind rivets—galvanized steel St/St and stainless steel A2/A2—paired with galvanized steel sheets DX51D + Z275, were experimentally tested to assess how their material properties affect their joint strength, deformation patterns, and failure modes. Single-lap shear, double-lap shear, and pure normal load tests were conducted in multiple configurations to evaluate joint performance under varying loading conditions, simulating real-world stresses. Using custom-built equipment, controlled forces were applied perpendicular to the rivet joints to replicate practical loading conditions. The results revealed distinct differences in the load-bearing capacities of the two materials, offering valuable insights for applications where corrosion resistance and structural integrity are critical. Finite element analysis (FEA) was then used to simulate the behavior of the joints, with the results validated against experimental data. To enhance the reliability of numerical simulations in optimizing the design of rivet joints, a methodology was proposed to calibrate non-linear FEA models to experimental results, and a substantial agreement of 92.53% was achieved via optimization in ANSYS OptiSLang. This research contributes to our broader understanding of riveted connections, providing practical recommendations for assessing the performance of such joints in various engineering fields.

The corrosion of grounding grid materials in soil is a prominent factor in power and electrical equipment failure. This paper aims to delve into the corrosion characteristics of grounding grid materials and the corresponding methods of safeguarding against this phenomenon. Firstly, the influencing factors of the soil environment on the corrosion of the grounding grid are introduced, including soil physicochemical properties, microorganisms, and stray currents. Then, the corrosion behavior and durability of common grounding grid materials such as copper, carbon steel, and galvanized steel are discussed in detail and compared comprehensively. In addition, commonly used protective measures in China and outside China, including anti-corrosion coatings, electrochemical protection, and other technologies are introduced. Finally, it summarizes the current research progress and potential future directions of this field of study.

Due to the complex factory environment, zinc flower defects and galvanized sheet background are difficult to distinguish, and the production line running speed is fast, the existing detection methods are difficult to meet the needs of real-time detection in terms of accuracy and speed. We propose ZFD-Net, a zinc flower defect detection model on the surface of galvanized sheet based on improved you only look once (YOLO)v5. Firstly, the model combined the YOLOV5 model with our proposed cross stage partial transformer (CSTR) module in this paper to increase the model receptive field and improve the global feature extraction (FE) capability. Secondly, we use bi-directional feature pyramid network (Bi-FPN) weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network to fuse defect details of different levels and scales to improve them. Then we propose a cross resnet simam fasternet (CRSFN) module to improve the reasoning speed of ZFD-Net and ensure the detection effect of zinc flower defects. Finally, we construct a high-quality dataset of zinc flower defect (ZFD) detection on galvanized sheet surface, which solves the problem that no public dataset is available at present. ZFD-Net is compared with state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on the self-built data set, and its performance indicators are better than all methods.

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors, such as the EM38-MK2, measure soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). The ECa values are then calibrated with soil water content, often determined by metalcontaining instruments. Such instruments and soil trenches may interfere with ECa measurements. This study established whether multi-sensor capacitance probes (small copper rings), neutron water meter access tubes (galvanized steel) and soil trenches interfere with ECa measurements by EM38-MK2 sensors. The EM38-MK2 sensor was moved towards and away from the potential interfering obstruction in a horizontal or vertical mode without re-zeroing the device. The soil trenches had no significant influence on the measurement of ECa. On the other hand, both the capacitance probes and the access tubes influenced the EC a measurement of the EM38-MK2 sensor when it was operated closer than 1 m from the two devices. Measurements of ECa were either less stable (only in the vertical mode) or lower. However, the magnitude of reduction in ECa was so small that it would likely not have any practical influence. Nevertheless, in field surveys with the EM38-MK2 sensor, a distance of at least 1 m should be kept from either the capacitance probes or galvanized-steel access tubes to avoid interferences. When encountering such devices during field surveys, it should be safe to continue measurements without additional re-zeroing of the sensor.

Galvanized high-strength steel has emerged as a key focus in automotive lightweighting research. During resistance spot welding of galvanized steel, the phenomenon of liquid metal embrittlement (LME) can occur, which is characterized by the appearance of irregular cracks on the weld spot surface. However, the impact of LME cracks on the mechanical properties of joints remains unclear. This study investigates the LME phenomenon and its effects on the performance of spot-welded joints using galvanized QP980 steel as the subject. By combining theoretical analysis, experimental methods, and simulations, the formation and characteristics of LME cracks are explored through resistance spot welding experiments and elemental analysis. The influence of LME cracks on the static strength of joints is assessed through quasi-static tensile tests, fracture surface analysis, and theoretical calculations. Finite element simulations of the static tensile process reveal that LME cracks alter the stress–strain fields during joint failure. Additionally, the study examines how the location and size of LME cracks influence these effects. Finally, fatigue testing and fracture analysis of spot-welded joints demonstrate that LME cracks can negatively impact the fatigue life of joints.

This paper evaluates the amount of KMnO4 in simulated concrete pore solution (pH 12.8) on the corrosion behaviour of hot-dip galvanized steel (HDG). In the range of used MnO4− (10−4, 10−3, 10−2 mol·L−1), corrosion behaviour is examined with regard to hydrogen evolution and composition (protective barrier properties) of forming corrosion products. The corrosion behaviour of HDG samples is evaluated using Rp/Ecorr and EIS. The composition of corrosion products is evaluated using SEM, XRD, XPS and AAS. The effective MnO4− ion concentration to prevent the corrosion of coating with hydrogen evolution is 10−3 mol·L−1; lower concentrations only prolong the time to passivation (corrosion with hydrogen evolution). The highest used MnO4− concentration ensures corrosion behaviour without hydrogen evolution but also leads to the formation of less-protective amorphous corrosion products rich in MnII/MnIII phases.

The aim of the present work is to study the atmospheric corrosion behavior of metals exposed to both urban (Milan, IT-Lombardia) and marine (Bonassola, IT-Liguria) atmospheres in Italy. A number of coupons (100 × 150 mm) of carbon steel (CS), hot-dip galvanized steel (GS) and different grades of stainless steel (SS) were exposed. At fixed periods of time, samples were characterized by means of Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), mass loss tests and corrosion product analysis. The corrosion rate on carbon steel exposed to an urban atmosphere, obtained by means of mass loss tests and LPR, are in good agreement with the value estimated by the dose–response function according to the ISO 9223 standard. The yielded results can be classified in corrosivity class C2 of the same ISO 9223. Similar measurements on galvanized steel exhibited a coherent average corrosion rate. Higher corrosion rates were measured for samples exposed to a marine atmosphere for both materials, with values belonging to exposure classes C4-C5 for both materials. Stainless steel samples exhibited only superficial staining in the case of marine exposure, even after just a few months.