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"Gardening Morocco."
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Morocco in bloom
\"Morocco in Bloom is a celebration of the beauty and richness of Moroccan flora ... The famous Jardin Majorelle in Marrakech features extensively, its rich palette of dazzling flowers and deep Marjorelle Blue illustrated with a magnificent array of photographs. Created by French painter Jacques Majorelle in the first half of the twentieth century, the garden was rediscovered and restored by Yves Saint-Laurent and Pierre Bergâe in the 1980s. Morocco in Bloom, with its detailed antique botanical prints, also serves as a practical guide on the cultivation, creation and maintenance of southern Mediterranean gardens, leading the reader through the year with advice on how to plant, prune and care for the most beautiful and rare flora.\"--Jacket.
Book
Gardening School to Support Youth Inclusion and Environmental Sustainability in Morocco
Youth research has, for decades, focused on examining current societal conditions and their potential shortcomings for young people in areas such as education, income, work, and gender equality. However, it has been less common to integrate planetary boundaries and so-called “overshoot” areas—such as biodiversity loss or climate change—into youth research. This paradigm shift is increasingly necessary, as six out of nine planetary boundaries have already been crossed, and the planet remains on track for approximately 2.7 degrees Celsius (°C) peak warming by 2100. In addition to planetary threats, Morocco faces social challenges, particularly high unemployment. Unemployment is highest among young people aged 15 to 24, reaching 25% over the past decade, nearly double the global youth unemployment rate. This article analyzes a case study we refer to as the “Gardening School” in Morocco, a country facing significant climate stress. It aims to (a) explore new methods for conducting more globally oriented youth research that is ethical and environmentally friendly and (b) examine the wellbeing of young people and their environment, as well as how to support and strengthen both. The findings of this article highlight the potential for youth research to develop new approaches, especially when conducted alongside young people and educational and sustainable environments. These environments enable younger generations to deepen their connection to and understanding of biodiversity, sustainability, and climate change, while learning to use natural resources in a sustainable and ethical manner. This approach ultimately aims to ensure a livable future for the coming generations and foster sustainable employment opportunities.
Journal Article
Eden revisited : a garden in northern Morocco
A lovingly photographed tour of internationally renowned writer Umberto Pasti's famous hillside garden in Morocco. Italian writer and horticulturist Umberto Pasti's passion for the wild flora of Tangier and its surrounding region led him to create his world-famous garden, Rohuna, where he has transplanted thousands of plants rescued from construction sites with the aid of men from the village. Planted between two small houses is the Garden of Consolation: a series of rooms and terraces with lush vegetation, some rendering homage to the paintings of Henri Rousseau, others inspired by invented characters. Surrounding the Garden of Consolation are the Wild Garden and a hillside devoted to the wild flowering bulbs of northern Morocco, where indigenous species of narcissus, iris, crocus, scilla, gladiolus, and others bloom. With its stunning vistas and verdant fields, Rohuna is a garden of incomparable beauty with the mission to preserve the botanical richness of the region. Captured here in detail by celebrated photographer Ngoc Minh Ngo, the poetic beauty of this special and unique place is lovingly rendered for all the world to see and share.
Book
Assessing the Evolution of Stability and Maturity in Co-Composting Sheep Manure with Green Waste Using Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties and Statistical Analyses: A Case Study of Botanique Garden in Rabat, Morocco
Organic waste utilization stands as a pivotal approach to ecological and economic sustainability. This study aimed to assess the stability, maturity, and evolution of co-composts comprising various blends of green waste (GW) and sheep manure (SM). Employing a diverse array of physico-chemical and biological parameters, we investigated the co-composting process over 120 days. Three types of garden waste (mixture of green waste (MGW), fallen leaves (FL), and grass cutting (GC)) were utilized. The results revealed significant compost transformation, evident by odor and insect absence and a shift to dark brown coloration, indicating maturation. The compost C2, derived from FL, exhibited superior soil amendment potential. Significantly, it exhibited a pH level of 6.80, an EC of 2.45 mS/cm, and an OM content of 55%, along with a C/N ratio of 16.15. Analysis of the macronutrients revealed values of 1.98% for TN, 3.22% for TP, and 0.61% for K. Crucially, the compost showed no phytotoxic effects and boasted a high GI of 94.20% and a low respiration rate of 4.02 mg/50 g, indicating its stability and appropriateness for agricultural application. Our findings underscore compost’s potential as an eco-friendly soil amendment, offering valuable insights for sustainable agricultural management and supporting the circular economy.
Journal Article
Trace Elements in Soils and Vegetables from Market Gardens of Urban Areas in Marrakech City
The consumption of vegetables grown on soils polluted by trace elements can cause a serious threat for animal and human health and disturb the functioning of the ecosystem. The aim of this work is to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Zn in soils and different vegetables from market gardens of urban areas in Marrakech city in order to investigate human health risk through ingestion of contaminated vegetables. Plant transfer factor (TF), daily intake of metals (DIM), and health risk index (HRI) were calculated. The concentrations of all metals studied in the garden top soils were within the threshold values. The Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, and As concentration in the edible parts of vegetables were within the safe limits. However, Cd and Pb in Malva parviflora and Cd in Brassica rapa, and Cr and Ni in Coriandrum sativum exceeded their permissible limits. The TF for these nine metals varied between 0.01 and 1.35. The classification of TEs according to their TF is as follows: Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni > Cr > Pb > Mn > Co > As. The maximum value was recorded in Coriandrum sativum while the minimum value was recorded in Cynara cardunculus. The HRI values were within the safe limit (< one) except for Pb in Malva parviflora. This can lead to risks to the health of the human population, especially children, consuming contaminated plants. Thus, the monitoring and prevention of health risks related to the consumption of plants grown in (peri)urban areas are necessary and essential to propose recommendations to both gardeners and decision-makers.
Journal Article
Climate variability impact on agricultural production in Morocco: New evidence from a spatial econometric analysis
This paper examines the impact of climate variability on agricultural production in 12 Moroccan regions, differentiating between rain-fed and irrigated crops. Using a spatial panel data model with a 21-year (1999-2019), we analyze the impact of climatic and economic variables on three main crops: cereals, market gardening and rosaceous plants, while taking into account spatial autocorrelation and regional heterogeneity. The results highlight the sensitivity of various crops to variations in temperature and precipitation, revealing significant spillover effects due to omitted variables or shocks not observed in a spatial pattern. Thus, rainfall has a positive impact on rain-fed cereals but a negative impact on irrigated crops, underlining the inefficiencies of irrigation techniques and the needfor sustainable water management. Irrigated rosaceae crops show high temperature sensitivity, underlining the urgency of climate-resilient agricultural practices. This finding underscores the urgent need for targeted regional public policies rather than standardized national policies to mitigate the effects of climate variability on Moroccan agriculture and ensure its long-term sustainability. Keywords: Climate variability, Agriculture, Spatial panel data, Production function approach, Morocco.
Journal Article
Soqia: A Responsive Web Geographic Information System Solution for Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of Soil Water Status in Arboriculture
The optimization of irrigation in arboriculture holds crucial importance for effectively managing water resources in arid regions. This work introduces the development and implementation of an innovative solution named ‘Soqia’, a responsive WEB-GIS web application designed for real-time monitoring of the water status in arboriculture. This solution integrates meteorological data, remote sensing data, and ground sensor-collected data for precise irrigation management at the agricultural plot level. A range of features has been considered in the development of this WEB -GIS solution, ranging from visualizing vegetation indices to accessing current weather data, thereby contributing to more efficient irrigation management. Compared to other existing applications, ‘Soqia’ provides users with the current amount of water to irrigate, as well as an estimated amount for the next 8 days. Additionally, it offers spatio-temporal tracking of vegetation indices provided as maps and graphs. The importance of the Soqia solution at the national level is justified by the scarcity of water resources due to increasingly frequent and intense drought seasons for the past years. Low rainfall is recorded in all national agricultural areas. The implemented prototype is a first step toward the development of future innovative tools aimed at improving water management in regions facing water challenges. This prototype illustrates the potential of Web-GIS-based precision irrigation systems for the rational use of water in agriculture in general and arboriculture in particular.
Journal Article
Pesticide Residues in Tomatoes from Greenhouses in Souss Massa Valley, Morocco
Eight pesticide residues in tomato samples collected in the area of Souss Massa Valley (Southern Morocco) were analyzed. The detected residue levels ranged from 0.001 to 0.400 mg kg
−1
for dicofol, from 0.003 to 0.170 mg kg
−1
for procymidone, from 0.001 to 0.250 mg kg
−1
for chlorothalonil, from 0.050 to 0.500 mg kg
−1
for bifenthrin, from 0.001 to 0.010 mg kg
−1
for λ-cyhalothrin, from 0.001 to 0.300 mg kg
−1
for cypermethrin, from 0.010 to 1 mg kg
−1
for deltamethrin and from 0.003 to 1.123 mg kg
−1
for endosulfan. European MRL for endosulfan in tomatoes set in 0.500 mg kg
−1
, was exceeded in 8 samples, and MRL for deltamethrin set in 0.300 mg kg
−1
for tomatoes was exceeded in 2 samples.
Journal Article
The Territory of the Grand Tetouan as Linear City: Between Description and Project
This article, based upon pedagogical experimentation in development in a master-level architecture studio at the ULB School of Architecture (Brussels), focuses on the concept of a linear city in a metropolitan context. This concept is proposed by the Grand Tetouan (North Morocco) spatial development scheme as a framework to think about the future of this territory. The interest of the concept lies in its being both a descriptive and project-oriented tool, which allows working with students on the intricate relationship between these two moments of urban design. The coastal region has been the subject of a proposal for a “linear garden city” by a follower of Soria y Mata, Hilarión González del Castillo (1929), a project that left traces on the “palimpsest” (Corboz, 1983/2001) of the actual territory. The idea of the linear city, which has been, throughout the 20th century, a recurrent thematic in urban planning theory and practice dealing with the issue of industrial development of the modern city can be, in the specific case of the Grand Tetouan region, re-examined through the lens of tourism as an industry. The exploration is based on an analytical approach by the use of the notion of urban material (Boeri, Lanzani, & Marini, 1993; Viganò, 1999), an approach that creates the conditions of understanding (describing/designing) the existing territory through the mapping of its physical elements, a description that can then be used to develop an analysis of the forms of production of these elements and the complexity of their uses: how the city is, formally and socially, built (Secchi, 1989).
Journal Article
Whitewash as Affective Platform: Art and Politics of Surface in the Work of Yto Barrada and Hassan Darsi
Whitewash when read through affect is a site of fleeting documentation, a temporary archive of becoming, an ephemeral glimpse into what might become, different. By reading slowly and carefully the work of contemporary artists Yto Barrada and Hassan Darsi, this article hopes to show how their attention to whitewash in urban Morocco is about registering and producing a moment of as-yet-unrealized possibility and potential ontological transformation. From the creation of potemkin worlds for passing dignitaries to the presentation of a worker's body slowly whitewashing a decaying building in a neoliberal authoritarian city, Barrada and Darsi document whitewash as the space where, and the moment when, intended and unintended affects gather in regime-produced conditions of being. Barrada and Darsi harness these affects to produce a platform for the imagination of another type of emergent futurity. Through a discussion of these two artists' attention to whitewashed architectural surface in photography, film and architectural models, I hope to bring together surface reading and affect to show not only that through surface and affect, we can understand the working of regimes of power in a postcolonial state, but also, and perhaps most importantly, that under authoritarianism and censorship, attending to affect through surface may be one of the most poignant ways to create space and mount critique.
Journal Article