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"Gardens Japan."
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A guide to the gardens of Kyoto
\"Designed for the layman as well as the professional, this concise yet comprehensive guide provides both practical information and theoretical insights into the design of the Japanese garden. Kyoto, the capital of Japan for over one thousand years, possesses a richness of garden art without equal as a living chronicle of Japanese cultural history and environmental design. Following the introductory essays are individual entries for more than 50 temple and palace gardens. The text is augmented by an excellent selection of photographs, historical prints, maps, and colour plates.\"--Book flap.
Book
Mirei Shigemori
The first profound depiction of the great reformer of Japanese garden design in the twentieth century Mirei Shigemori decisively shaped the development of Japanese landscape architecture in the twentieth century.He founded the Kyoto Garden Society in 1932 and published the 26-volume Illustrated Book on the History of the Japanese Garden in 1938.
eBook
Infinite spaces : the art and wisdom of the Japanese garden
\"The Sakuteiki ... by the eleventh-century courtier and poet Tachibana no Toshitsuna laid out the principles that shaped the design of [Japanese] gardens ... Infinite Spaces pairs extracts from the Sakuteiki with inspiring images that beautifully illustrate the principles of this ancient work\"--Jacket.
Book
Impact of Intellectualization of a Zoo through a FCEM-AHP and IPA Approach
As urbanization is growing faster, the term “Smart” is becoming more widely used. However, it is difficult to define how to objectively evaluate intellectualization. This study aims to explore an objective method of evaluating intellectualization in Japanese zoos and suggest project directions for their future development. First, we will define the unique Japanese zoo smart projects. Then, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) will be used to determine the weights of each item, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM) will be used to evaluate the degree of construction. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of each project will be analyzed by importance–performance analysis (IPA). The findings showed that the research subject, Ueno Zoo, is still in the early stage of smartening, and most of the items are not sufficient for users to have a full tourist experience. There is a need to increase the level of intellectualization and ease-of-use for the construction of the zoos of Tokyo. This study provides an objective approach for evaluating the intellectualization of zoos in Japan and provides a method of construction advice for intellectualization construction.
Journal Article
The Japanese garden
An in-depth exploration spanning 800 years of the art, essence, and enduring impact of the Japanese garden. The most comprehensive exploration of the art of the Japanese garden published to date, this book covers more than eight centuries of the history of this important genre. Author and garden designer Sophie Walker brings fresh insight to this subject, exploring the Japanese garden in detail through a series of essays and with 100 featured gardens, ranging from ancient Shinto shrines to imperial gardens and contemporary Zen designs. Leading artists, architects, and other cultural practitioners offer personal perspectives in newly commissioned essays.
Book
The nature of the beasts
It is widely known that such Western institutions as the museum, the university, and the penitentiary shaped Japan’s emergence as a modern nation-state. Less commonly recognized is the role played by the distinctly hybrid institution—at once museum, laboratory, and prison—of the zoological garden. In this eye-opening study of Japan’s first modern zoo, Tokyo’s Ueno Imperial Zoological Gardens, opened in 1882, Ian Jared Miller offers a refreshingly unconventional narrative of Japan’s rapid modernization and changing relationship with the natural world. As the first zoological garden in the world not built under the sway of a Western imperial regime, the Ueno Zoo served not only as a staple attraction in the nation’s capital—an institutional marker of national accomplishment—but also as a site for the propagation of a new “natural” order that was scientifically verifiable and evolutionarily foreordained. As the Japanese empire grew, Ueno became one of the primary sites of imperialist spectacle, a microcosm of the empire that could be traveled in the course of a single day. The meaning of the zoo would change over the course of Imperial Japan’s unraveling and subsequent Allied occupation. Today it remains one of Japan’s most frequently visited places. But instead of empire in its classic political sense, it now bespeaks the ambivalent dominion of the human species over the natural environment, harkening back to its imperial roots even as it asks us to question our exploitation of the planet’s resources.
eBook
Cross‐continental variation of herbivore resistance in a global plant invader
While successful plant invasions often occur in novel environments, invasive species usually occupy broad niches within their native and introduced ranges. A better understanding of the process of invasion therefore requires a wide sampling of ranges, and a good knowledge of introduction history. We tested for differentiation in herbivore resistance among 128 introduced (European, North American) and native (Chinese, Japanese) populations of the invasive Japanese knotweed Reynoutria japonica in two common gardens in the native range: one in Shanghai and the other in Yunnan. In both common gardens, we found that herbivore resistance of plants from introduced populations differed from that from native populations in China but not from native populations in Japan, the putative source of introduction. Compared to native Chinese populations, plants from native Japanese populations and introduced European and North American populations had thicker leaves in both common gardens, and a lower C:N ratio but higher flavonoids content in the Shanghai garden. Variation in herbivore resistance was more strongly associated with climate of collecting sites for populations from the native range than for those from introduced ranges. Our results support the hypothesis that introduction of particularly resistant plants from Japan may have played a key role in driving biogeographic variation in herbivore resistance. Our study highlights the importance of understanding introduction history to interpret the biogeographic divergence of global plant invaders.
Journal Article
Transcriptome differentiation in Cryptomeria japonica trees with different origins growing in the north and south of Japan
Cryptomeria japonica is a coniferous species widely distributed throughout Japan and is therefore adapted to a variety of environments. To identify genes involved in its local adaptation, individuals of different origins growing in three common gardens located in the southern, central, and northern regions of Japan were subjected to transcriptome analysis. A transcriptome assembly guided by the whole-genome sequence of C. japonica yielded 77,212 transcripts derived from 56,203 genes. Based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in the transcriptome data, individuals were grouped into three genetic clusters. A total of 151 SNPs associated with population differentiation were detected using pcadapt. Of these, the allele frequencies of 40 SNPs showed associations with climatic variables, and the expression levels of genes containing 9 of these SNPs were also correlated with climatic variables. To further explore transcriptomic patterns underlying adaptation, weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified 25 gene modules. A comparison between representative expression patterns of each gene module and the genetic differentiation predicted by SNPs revealed that one module exhibited a negative correlation and another a positive correlation across all three common gardens. While defense response genes were highly expressed in individuals from the Pacific Ocean side of Japan (omote-sugi), terpenoid metabolism genes were more highly expressed in individuals from the Sea of Japan side (ura-sugi). These findings suggest that local adaptation in C. japonica involves not only responses to abiotic stress but also a significant contribution from genes involved in responses to biotic stress.
Journal Article