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The Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) concept is one of the potentially crucial strategic movements for sustainable business practices in the digital era. Despite this, there is a dearth of empirical evidence on the effect of ESG practices on customers’ brand perception and whether the effects of ESG on brand perception differ depending on product involvement and generational differences. This study aims to assess the effect of ESG on brand love and loyalty in product categories with high and low involvement, as well as in older and younger age groups. Utilizing the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach, we conducted quantitative empirical research using an online questionnaire to examine the proposed model. The findings, based on a sample of 156 Thai respondents, indicate that ESG is significantly and positively related to brand love and loyalty. The result of the mediation analysis revealed that brand love partially mediates the effect of ESG on brand loyalty. The result of the moderation analysis indicates that product involvement has a moderating role between ESG and brand love, and between ESG and brand loyalty. The effects of ESG on brand love and loyalty are larger for low-product-involvement respondents than for high-product-involvement respondents. In addition, the effect of ESG on brand love was found to be stronger among younger age groups than among older age groups. The research underlines the importance of ESG and expands the existing understanding of the concept. Our study, which gives various implications and recommendations, is one of the rare attempts to verify the effects of ESG from the standpoint of customers.

Within a relatively short span of four decades, China has transformed itself from a country dominated by renters of public housing to a country with one of the world'shighest rates of homeownership. Radical reforms of the housing provision system have created a variety of housing pathways for different generations. Against this background, this paper adopts the 'state-market-family triad' in Esping-Andersen's welfare state regime to examine three main pathways to homeownership: market-acquired, public-subsidised and familysupported, with a particular focus on the differences between generations. Based on data from the 2013 China Households Finance Survey, the empirical analysis verifies the transition to a more liberal housing system, in which the responsibility for housing provision has shifted from the state to the market. Meanwhile, families have become a vital social institution assisting young cohorts to achieve homeownership. The results also show that men are more likely to turn to family for housing support, a practice that reflects Chinese traditions. Moreover, the findings show that higher educational attainment has enhanced people's independence from both the state and the family in terms of acquiring a home, and that institutional factors—particularly status— largely determine people's access to public-subsidised housing.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how chair-chief executive officer (CEO) generational difference is related to debt financing.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts the pooled ordinary least squares and system generalized method of moments estimation procedures to analyze listed firms in Malaysia from 2013 to 2017.FindingsThe results reveal that chair-CEO generational difference is negatively associated with leverage. The evidence suggests that substantial age gaps between the chair and CEO precipitate cognitive conflicts, which lead to better monitoring and control. This results in better governance and less information asymmetry, causing firms to depend less on debt as a board monitoring mechanism. The findings provide support to the theory posited in this paper on the substitutability of chair-CEO generational difference and debt financing.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt to investigate the substitutability of chair-CEO generational difference and debt financing.

As the most direct subject of collective forestland tenure reform, rural households’ forestry production behavior is an important guarantee for the promotion of sustainable forestry development. Based on the survey data of 12,760 rural households in 9 provinces in China, we construct a theoretical analysis framework of the impact of collective forestland tenure reform on rural households’ forestry inputs from the perspective of rural household differentiation and inter-generational differences, and elucidate the mechanism of the effect of collective forestland tenure reform on rural households’ forestry inputs in the context of rural household differentiation and inter-generational differences. The results of the empirical analysis show that collective forestland tenure reform significantly increases rural households’ forestry inputs; this effect has a differentiated impact on rural households with different degrees of differentiation and inter-generational differences. Although the collective forestland tenure reform provides a good institutional environment for households to increase the enthusiasm of forestry inputs, the positive incentive effect of collective forestland tenure reform tends to decline as the degree of households’ differentiation and inter-generational differences deepen. Therefore, this research tries to provide an “indirect” policy adjustment idea to deepen the policies related to collective forestland tenure reform by starting from the differentiation of households and inter-generational differences.

In the context of escalating environmental concerns and the imperative for sustainable consumption, this study meticulously examines the variations in food literacy and the propensity to purchase green food among Chinese consumers across three generational cohorts: baby boomers, generation X, and generation Y. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework, and employing SPSS and structural equation modeling (SEM) for rigorous data analysis, the research elucidates the influence of generational attributes on green food consumption patterns. The study’s importance is marked by its unique contributions: it identifies intergenerational discrepancies in food literacy and furnishes empirical support for the enhancement of green food literacy across all consumer demographics. Furthermore, the research constructs an innovative model of food literacy that integrates generational traits, establishing a theoretical scaffold for advancing consumers’ green food literacy. This comprehensive model synthesizes the determinants of generational variations, food literacy, and the intention to consume green food. Findings from a demographically stratified sample of 720 participants, with equal representation from each cohort and gender (240 participants per cohort), highlight the distinct profiles in food literacy and green food purchasing intentions. These findings are instrumental for stakeholders in formulating nuanced strategies that promote sustainable consumption practices, tailored to the specific characteristics of each generational group within the Chinese market.

Virtually every discussion of secularization asserts that high levels of religiosity in the United States make it a decisive counterexample to the claim that modern societies are prone to secularization. Focusing on trends rather than levels, the authors maintain that, for two straightforward empirical reasons, the United States should no longer be considered a counterexample. First, it has recently become clear that American religiosity has been declining for decades. Second, this decline has been produced by the generational patterns underlying religious decline elsewhere in the West: each successive cohort is less religious than the preceding one. America is not an exception. These findings change the theoretical import of the United States for debates about secularization.

Purpose>The main purpose of this study is to reveal how the China factor influences Taiwan voters' evaluations of the two major parties across elections and generations. We contend that 1) elderly Taiwan voters may take the China factor more seriously than younger cohorts, and 2) China factor may be weighted differently depending on the levels of elections. More importantly, we argue that the China factor is tangled with voters' partisanship.Design/methodology/approach>Data gathered from 2008 to 2014 Taiwan's Election and Democratization Study (TEDS) enable in investigating the influence of the China factor on Taiwan people's vote choices in the two local and two presidential elections. To answer the research question, this study applies issue voting theory and the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) employed for empirical investigations.Findings>The findings of this study provide empirical evidence on how political generations have changed their reactions to China in Taiwan's elections. The fundamental variables, party identification and the China issue are still very important and cannot be disregarded. Specifically, the China factor played a quite influential role in the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) supporters' voting decisions regardless of their generations, whereas its effect on the Kuomintang (KMT) supporters' voting decisions varies depending on electoral contexts and generations.Originality/value>While some scholars might suspect that the single item is not sufficient to be an effective predictor of vote choice, we contend that the China factor is definitely the most significant component in Taiwan's elections, especially when it is tangled with partisanship. The SUR approach in this study confirms that partisanship and the China factor cannot be viewed separately.

This study investigates the evolution of the Qassimi Arabic (QA) in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia, with a focus on the lexical changes that have occurred between the past and present forms of the dialect. The findings reveal a significant generational divide, with older speakers (70–75 years old) retaining traditional vocabulary and phonetic structures, while younger speakers (8–10 years old) increasingly adopt modern terms and simplified pronunciations, often influenced by Standard Arabic and the “white dialect”, which is primarily related to the Modern Arabic, where speakers tend to speak in a way that does not designate their origin. The study categorizes lexical items into three classes: those that are understood and used, those that are understood but unused lexical items, and those that are neither understood nor used. Thus, the study illustrates the complexities of intergenerational communication as well as the cultural implications of the evolution of the dialect. The humorous reactions of younger speakers toward traditional terms suggest they have a nuanced relationship with their linguistic heritage, which raises concerns about the preservation of the long-standing, unique features of the QA in the face of rapid changes in the digital era.

Gender differences in wellbeing and trauma response have been a significant focus of psychological research, particularly among populations that have experienced extreme stressors, such as Holocaust survivors and their offspring. This study aims to explore the psychological impact of the “sense of threat” and “sense of challenge” experienced during the war in the 7 October aftermath (2023), with a specific emphasis on gender differences across different generations affected by the Holocaust. The study utilized a cross-sectional design to analyze secondary data. Research data were collected during the war in the 7 October aftermath. A total of 120 individuals, from three Holocaust cohorts (survivors, second-generation, and third generation) participated. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, as well as perceptions of threat and challenge, were gathered using the Stress, Appraisal, and Coping Questionnaire developed as reported by Lazarus and Folkman (Springer, New York, 1984). Females report a higher mean score (M = 3.36) for “sense of threat” compared with males (M = 2.85). Conversely, for the “sense of challenge,” although females exhibit a slightly higher mean score (M = 2.54) than males (M = 2.49), there was no statistically significant difference. The trauma of the Holocaust continues to afflict survivors and their descendants and is particularly pronounced during periods of extreme stress, such as war. Females exhibited an elevated “sense of threat” compared with males, which increases with each subsequent generation. Such insights stress the critical importance of incorporating a gender perspective in the design of interventions aimed at supporting trauma survivors.

When there is a large forecast error or a sudden change in the power system load, there will be a significant power generation gap, which needs to be supported by reserve auxiliary services to ensure power balance. Meanwhile, with the gradual increase of renewable energy penetration rate, reserve auxiliary services can also be used to cope with the variability and intermittency of renewable generation. Therefore, the significance of reserve auxiliary services for the security and stability of the grid operation is increasingly prominent. For reserve ancillary services, this study aims to propose three clearance models based on the elastic price curves, compare their clearance mechanisms, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages by using an example simulation with Matlab. Simultaneously, applicability analysis is conducted to assess the applicability of these models to different power market development scenarios. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the clearance mechanisms of reserve auxiliary services and provide a reference for the construction and decision-making of power markets.