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We used cross-sectional data from 226 patients with monkeypox virus to investigate the association between anatomic exposure site and lesion development. Penile, anorectal, and oral exposures predicted lesion presence at correlating anatomic sites. Exposure site also predicted the first lesion site of the penis and anus.

Past sentinel events include outbreaks of travelers’ leptospirosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Zika, and drug-resistant malaria. With the initial efforts by Phyllis Kozarsky, Hans Lobel, Marty Cetron, and me, and with Jay’s stature behind us, the eventual results were the continuous Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funding of the network to this day. In 2015, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada, one of the highest civilian honors in the country, for his outstanding contributions as a pioneer of travel and tropical medicine in Canada.

This chapter describes nontraditional infectious diseases surveillance systems, which complement the formal public health system. One such nontraditional system, ProMED‐mail, is a rapid reporting system of emerging infectious diseases in humans, animals, and plants. ProMED‐mail focuses on rapid reporting and relies on local sources like newspapers and their websites and local rapporteurs submitting reports of unusual events. GeoSentinel data have been used to determine the seasonality of dengue by region of travel and risk of acquiring schistosomiasis by destination, and to identify unusual outbreaks such as sarcocystosis on Tioman Island, Malaysia. Numerous other programs have begun to use informal‐source surveillance, including automated systems like HealthMap and Canada's Global Public Health Information Network (GPHIN), Medisys and others as well as more human‐driven systems such as FluTrackers. Recent work has demonstrated that the time from the beginning of an outbreak until its detection and public reporting has been reduced as informal‐source surveillance has blossomed.