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"Geology United Arab Emirates"
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Geotrekking in Southeastern Arabia
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of theSpecial Publications Series.Geotrekking in Southeastern Arabia presents theworld s most diverse geology and reveals some ofthe unique rocks that were once covered under shallow seas and arenow sub-aerially exposed. This guidebook describes various routesthat leads to specific locations for viewing the distinctive andworld class geology of the United Arab Emirates and Oman. Eachroute includes specific directions, satellite images,illustrations, and explanations that can help with locating theoutstanding geology of the area. Certain sites preseve theworld class ophiolites - a section of the Earth′s oceaniccurst and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted andexposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustalrocks, a unique process of the Earth described by platetectonics. Some salient features of this guidebook include:- UAE and Oman are situated in the south east coast of theArabian Peninsula, which is very well known for its vastreserves of oil and natural gas, hence this book is of greatinterest to exploration geologists- Mountains of the UAE and Oman are the world s largest andbest preserved ophiolite a slice of the deep ocean crustthat has been forced by tectonic forces onto a continentalcrust- Within the mountains of these regions are sections of thedeep Earth, rarely exposed anywhere pieces of theEarth s underlying mantle and the lower parts of its oceaniccrust- Other characteristic features include deep sea sediments andvolcanic rocks that were erupted by submarine volcanoes- Among mineral ores, cpper deposits were commonly formed atancient, deep sea, hydrothermal vents- Some of the groundwater flowing out of ophiolite rocksreacts with the atmosphere to precipitate calcite and form vastpools of water that appear as blue swimming pools- The shallow land and high evaporation conditions inthe western region of the UAE forms giant, salt-lined mudcracks andthe growth of gypsum clusters called desertroses - Stromatolites, colonies of cyanobacteria thatare probably some of the oldest living species on Earth are alsovery common in this region- Some dunes in UAE rise upto 160 m above evaporativesalt plains- Rare occurrence of 100 million-year-old pillow lavas,which form underwater, uniquely preserved as if they eruptedyesterday- Many other geologic marvels exist in a region known more for itsoil and gas geology
eBook
Groundwater availability and water demand sustainability over the upper mega aquifers of Arabian Peninsula and west region of Iraq
The current research is devoted to highlight the past, present and future status of groundwater characteristics over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) and west region of Iraq. The Umm er Radhuma, Rus Dammam and Neogene deposits are the major hydrostratigraphic units supplying the main groundwater resources in the AP. Water shortage is still a major problem for many countries in the world, including oil-producing countries such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia (SA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Oman and Bahrain. The withdrawal of groundwater has been reflected in salinization of agricultural soils, leading to an increase in high-cost technologies such as desalination of seawater to provide suitable water for diverse sectors. Hence, the use of seawater desalination as a major source of water is unavoidable, and country development requires the use of renewable energy as protection of the environment. The need to conserve and use groundwater resources efficiently is highly essential owing to the fact that it is the only natural source of water in such developing countries of global importance. The review comprises various essential components related to groundwater variability including the hydrogeological aspects, climate change, drawdown and abstraction, rainwater harvesting, desertification and population increment. Based on the reviewed perspectives, various practical visions are discussed for better groundwater management and sustainability. This research is presented as a milestone for diverse future works and investigation that might be conducted for better water resources management over the AP region.
Journal Article
Enhancing Precipitation Estimates Through the Fusion of Weather Radar, Satellite Retrievals, and Surface Parameters
Accurate and timely monitoring of precipitation remains a challenge, particularly in hyper-arid regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The aim of this study is to improve the accuracy of the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission’s latest product release (IMERG V06B) locally over the UAE. Two distinct approaches, namely, geographically weighted regression (GWR), and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are tested. Daily soil moisture retrievals from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission (9 km), terrain elevations from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection digital elevation model (ASTER DEM, 30 m) and precipitation estimates (0.5 km) from a weather radar network are incorporated as explanatory variables in the proposed GWR and ANN model frameworks. First, the performances of the daily GPM and weather radar estimates are assessed using a network of 65 rain gauges from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018. Next, the GWR and ANN models are developed with 52 gauges used for training and 13 gauges reserved for model testing and seasonal inter-comparisons. GPM estimates record higher Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) at rain gauges with increasing elevation (z) and higher rainfall amounts (PCC = 0.29 z0.12), while weather radar estimates perform better for lower elevations and light rain conditions (PCC = 0.81 z−0.18). Taylor diagrams indicate that both the GWR- and the ANN-adjusted precipitation products outperform the original GPM and radar estimates, with the poorest correction obtained by GWR during the summer period. The incorporation of soil moisture resulted in improved corrections by the ANN model compared to the GWR, with relative increases in Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients of 56% (and 25%) for GPM estimates, and 34% (and 53%) for radar estimates during summer (and winter) periods. The ANN-derived precipitation estimates can be used to force hydrological models over ungauged areas across the UAE. The methodology is expandable to other arid and hyper-arid regions requiring improved precipitation monitoring.
Journal Article
Land Use/Land Cover Changes Impact on Groundwater Level and Quality in the Northern Part of the United Arab Emirates
This study aims to develop an integrated approach for mapping and monitoring land use/land cover (LULC) changes and to investigate the impacts of LULC changes and population growth on groundwater level and quality using Landsat images and hydrological information in a Geographic information system (GIS) environment. All Landsat images (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018) were classified using a support vector machine (SVM) and spectral analysis mapper (SAM) classifiers. The result of validation metrics, including precision, recall, and F1, indicated that the SVM classier has a better performance than SAM. The obtained LULC maps have an overall accuracy of more than 90%. Each pair of enhanced LULC maps (1990–2000, 2000–2010, 2010–2018, and 1990–2018) were used as input data for an image difference algorithm to monitor LULC changes. Maps of change detection were then imported into a GIS environment and spatially correlated against the spatiotemporal maps of groundwater level and groundwater quality. The results also show that the approximate built-up area increased from 227.26 km2 (1.39%) to 869.77 km2 (7.41%), while vegetated areas (farmlands, parks and gardens) increased from about 76.70 km2 (0.65%) to 290.70 km2 (2.47%). The observed changes in LULC are highly linked to the depletion in groundwater level and quality across the study area from the Oman Mountains to the coastal areas.
Journal Article
Performance of the CMORPH and GPM IMERG Products over the United Arab Emirates
Satellite-based precipitation products are becoming available at very high temporal and spatial resolutions, which has accelerated their use in various hydro-meteorological and hydro-climatological applications. Because the quantitative accuracy of such products is affected by numerous factors related to atmospheric and terrain properties, validating them over different regions and environments is needed. This study investigated the performance of two high-resolution global satellite-based precipitation products: the climate prediction center MORPHing technique (CMORPH) and the latest version of the Integrated Multi-SatellitE Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) algorithm (IMERG), V06, over the United Arab Emirates from 2010 through 2018. The estimates of the products and that of 71 in situ rain gauges distributed across the country were compared by employing several common quantitative, categorical, and graphical statistical measures at daily, event-duration, and annual temporal scales, and at the station and study area spatial scales. Both products perform quite well in rainfall detection (above 70%), but report rainfall not observed by the rain gauges at an alarming rate (more than 30%), especially for light rain (lower quartile). However, for moderate and intense (upper quartiles) rainfall rates, performance is much better. Because both products are highly correlated with rain gauge observations (mostly above 0.7), the satellite rainfall estimates can probably be significantly improved by removing the bias. Overall, the CMORPH and IMERG estimates demonstrate great potential for filling spatial gaps in rainfall observations, in addition to improving the temporal resolution. However, further improvement is required, regarding the overestimation and underestimation of small and large rainfall amounts, respectively.
Journal Article