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"Geopolitics -- Caucasus"
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Shattering empires : the clash and collapse of the Ottoman and Russian empires, 1908-1918
\"The fall of the Ottoman and Russian empires were watershed events in modern history. The unraveling of these empires was both cause and consequence of World War I and resulted in the deaths of millions. It irrevocably changed the landscape of the Middle East and Eurasia and reverberates to this day in conflicts throughout the Caucasus and Middle East. Shattering Empires draws on extensive research in the Ottoman and Russian archives to tell the story of the rivalry and collapse of two great empires. Overturning accounts that portray their clash as one of conflicting nationalisms, this pioneering study argues that geopolitical competition and the emergence of a new global interstate order provide the key to understanding the course of history in the Ottoman-Russian borderlands in the twentieth century. It will appeal to those interested in Middle Eastern, Russian, and Eurasian history, international relations, ethnic conflict, and World War I\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Shattering Empires
The break-up of the Ottoman empire and the disintegration of the Russian empire were watershed events in modern history. The unravelling of these empires was both cause and consequence of World War I and resulted in the deaths of millions. It irrevocably changed the landscape of the Middle East and Eurasia and reverberates to this day in conflicts throughout the Caucasus and Middle East. Shattering Empires draws on extensive research in the Ottoman and Russian archives to tell the story of the rivalry and collapse of two great empires. Overturning accounts that portray their clash as one of conflicting nationalisms, this pioneering study argues that geopolitical competition and the emergence of a new global interstate order provide the key to understanding the course of history in the Ottoman-Russian borderlands in the twentieth century. It will appeal to those interested in Middle Eastern, Russian, and Eurasian history, international relations, ethnic conflict, and World War I.
eBook
RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF GREAT STATES IN THE CAUCASUS
In modern times, the Caucasian region is one of the hotspots in the world. Great states use various factors to maintain their geopolitical interests in the Caucasus today and along with politic, ethnic, military ones, religion factor is still one of the important factors in this struggle. Today, some conflicts existing in this region have political and some of them have also religious characteristics. The article has been dedicated to the geopolitical struggle for domination in the Caucasus among Russia, other regional states, Britain, and France late in the 18th-first half of the 19th century. Russia, which had been actively involved in the Caucasus since the early 18th century, managed by the end of it to squeeze the Ottoman Empire out of the Northern Black Sea littoral and the Northern Caucasus. The British Empire, Russia’s uncompromising rival, sought ways and means to check Russia’s progress in the Caucasus. London pinned its hopes on Scottish missionaries prepared to move to the region from Edinburgh.
Journal Article
The Caucasus - An Introduction
The Caucasus is one of the most complicated regions in the world: with many different peoples and political units, differing religious allegiances, and frequent conflicts, and where historically major world powers have clashed with each other. Until now there has been no single book for those wishing to learn about this complex region. This book fills the gap, providing a clear, comprehensive introduction to the Caucasus, which is suitable for all readers. It covers the geography; the historical development of the region; economics; politics and government; population; religion and society; culture and traditions; alongside its conflicts and international relations. Written throughout in an accessible style, it requires no prior knowledge of the Caucasus. The book will be invaluable for those researching specific issues, as well as for readers needing a thorough introduction to the region.
Frederik Coene is currently Attaché dealing with post-conflict assistance in the Delegation of the European Commission to Georgia. His research on the Caucasus began in 1999 during his internship in the Office of the Secretary-General at NATO Headquarters. Since then he has researched, worked and travelled in all parts of the Caucasus.
\"Coene provides a vast amount of information on a range ofissues and his book may be a useful reference point for those wishing to know more about the region... The Caucasus is a useful introduction to the region.\" - Liam O'Shea (2011) 'Reviews', Europe-Asia Studies, 63: 2, 351-353
1: Geography 2: Territorial Division, Government and Administration 3: Population and Society 4: History 5: Conflicts 6: International Politics 7: Economy 8: Culture, Mentality and Traditions
eBook
The Caucasus : an introduction
Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan and the breakaway territories within them constitute one of the most diverse and challenging regions on earth, intimidating the first-time visitor with their multi-layered history, ethnic complexity, and seemingly intractable conflicts. Over the last few years, the South Caucasus has captured international attention again because of its role in disputes between the West and Russia, its unresolved ethnic conflicts, and its role as a crucial energy transport corridor to Europe. The Caucasus is an essential guide to the region, covering its history, Russia's role there from tsarist times to the Soviet era, its energy politics, and Georgia's extraordinary recent past from the 2003 Rose Revolution to the Five-Day War of 2008.
eBook
Iran's new geopolitics: heartland of the world’s corridors
Iran is located in a unique geographical position, acting as a bridge among Africa, Europe and Asia, connecting India and Russia in the north–south corridor; connecting Asia and Europe in the East–West corridor; connecting Central Asia, the Caucasus, Turkey and Western Europe in the TRACECA Corridor; connecting Southeast Asia to northwestern Europe in the South Asian Corridor; the link among ECO members as well as Central Asian countries to the high seas and the Persian Gulf is formalized in the Ashgabat agreement. In fact, Iran has been identified as one of the most central geographical nodal points in the world, playing a combination of geopolitical, geo-economic and geo-transit roles in Southwest Asia. The main focal point of the present article is the systematic study of Iran’s role in international corridors. This is done from a geopolitical perspective and since research in this area is relatively recent we are submitting this analysis as a starting point for a wider discussion about Iran’s role in the new world order which is central to recent studies of the country.
Journal Article
The Impact of Military Allocations on Economic Development: Insights from the South Caucasus Region
The shifting geopolitical landscape, along with ongoing global political changes, necessitates a comprehensive reassessment of military expenditures within national governance frameworks. The South Caucasus region, characterized by complex and enduring geopolitical challenges stemming from centuries of military conflict, serves as a critical case for this exploration. This study investigates the role of military spending within the region's political and economic frameworks, focusing on its impact on economic growth and military capabilities. Specifically, it analyzes the relationship between military expenditure and GDP per capita in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia, employing the Granger causality test for the period from 1996 to 2022. The empirical results show a bidirectional causality between military expenditure and GDP per capita in Azerbaijan, indicating a reciprocal relationship between these variables. In contrast, both Armenia and Georgia exhibit unidirectional causality, where economic growth influences military spending, suggesting that economic performance is a key determinant in defense budgeting decisions in these countries. Beyond econometric analysis, the study incorporates an ethical perspective, exploring how military spending, shaped by factors such as geopolitical pressures, technological innovations, and security concerns can influence economic development. By examining the broader implications of military budgets on national identity, sovereignty, and regional stability, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers.
Journal Article
The Establishment and Dissolution of the Subbotnik Communities of Petrovka as a Case Study Reflecting Shifts in Russian Geopolitical Interests toward Raskol’nik Religious Settlements in Southern Caucasus, 1909–1915
Toward the middle of the nineteenth century, a large Subbotnik community established itself in the village of Privol’noe in the Lankaran district of Baku province in Southern Caucasus. By early 1909, however, the names of two small Subbotnik communities—both in the settlement of Petrovka, near Privol’noe—began to appear in the documents of the Baku province administration. While the Privol’noe community has been thoroughly studied, those of Petrovka remain largely unexplored. At their peak, Petrovka’s two Subbotnik communities were divided, belonging to different Jewish streams, and segregated from each other. Based mainly on documents from the National Historical Archives of the Republic of Azerbaijan (NAHARA), this study uncovers these communities and compares their religious life with each other. It does so in the context of the Russo-Ottoman and Irano-Russian geopolitical rivalries in Southern Caucasus. The study explains how and which aspects of this struggle led Russia to originally establish communities like Petrovka at the start of the examined period. It further explores why Russia later lost interest in supporting the Petrovka communities by the end of said period.
Journal Article
THE EURASIAN REGION IN THE AREA OF RUSSO-TURKISH RIVALRY
This study investigates the complexities and nuances of Russian-Turkish relations throughout the past century, particularly in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The discrepancies in national interests between these two nations predominantly manifest in geopolitically sensitive regions, notably the South Caucasus and the Middle East, where their overlapping spheres of influence have escalated tensions. This article rigorously examines the principal dimensions of the geopolitical rivalry between Russia and Turkey, placing particular emphasis on the conflicts occurring in the South Caucasus region. Historically, both nations have adeptly exploited regional conflicts as a pivotal strategy for projecting power and expanding their spheres of influence. A comprehensive analysis of the Nagorno-Karabakh wars, alongside the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict and the Georgian-Ossetian âFive-Day Warâ, underscores the fundamentally divergent interests of Moscow and Ankara. The investigation of these conflicts holds significant importance in the context of Russian-Turkish geopolitical competition, as their proliferation has led to a marked realignment of influence within the region.
Journal Article
Towards a New Role for the European Union in the South Caucasus?
It has often been argued that the European Union lacks a common long-term strategy for the South Caucasus and instead follows an adhoc, reactive approach to regional developments. While other geopolitical players such as Türkiye, Russia, and Iran remain dominant in the region, the European Union has limited options for engagement that align with its interests. Much will depend on how, when, and if the war against Ukraine ends, yet the European Union should already pursue a credible, realistic, and honest approach toward the three South Caucasus states. Avoiding black-and-white thinking about these countries-viewing them as either proor anti-Russian-is essential for the European Union, as is a clear understanding of what the European Union can realistically deliver. By applying a \"do no harm\" approach and focusing on mutually beneficial opportunities, such as supporting the diversification of foreign and economic policies, investing in regional infrastructure and trade projects, or aiding conflict resolution, the European Union can make a meaningful contribution to the region that also aligns with its own interests.
Journal Article