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Geopolitics and climate change now have immediate consequences for national and international security interests across the Arctic and Antarctic. The world’s polar regions are contested and strategically central to geopolitical rivalry. At the same time, rapid political, social, and environmental change presents unprecedented challenges for governance, environmental protection, and maritime operations in the regions. With chapters that raise awareness, address challenges, and inform policy options, Polar Cousins reviews the state of strategic thinking and options on Antarctica and the Southern Oceans in light of experience in the circumpolar North. Prioritizing strategic issues, it provides an essential discussion of geostrategic thinking, strategic policy, and strategy development. Featuring contributions from international defence experts, scientists, academics, policymakers, and decisionmakers, Polar Cousins offers key insights into the challenges unique to the polar regions.

How the collapse of empires helps explain the efforts of China, Iran, Russia, and Turkey to challenge the international order \"This is a must read to understand the backstory of conflicts from Crimea to Xinjiang.\"-Fiona Hill, author of There Is Nothing for You Here Eurasia's major powers-China, Iran, Russia, and Turkey-increasingly intervene across their borders while seeking to pull their smaller neighbors more firmly into their respective orbits. While analysts have focused on the role of leaders such as Vladimir Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in explaining this drive to dominate neighbors and pull away from the Western-dominated international system, they have paid less attention to the role of imperial legacies. Jeffrey Mankoff argues that what unites these contemporary Eurasian powers is their status as heirs to vast terrestrial empires, whose collapse left all four states deeply entangled with the lands and peoples along their peripheries but outside their formal borders. Today, they have all found new opportunities to project power within and beyond their borders in patterns shaped by their respective imperial pasts.

History is usually thought of as a tale of time, a string of events flowing in a particular chronological order. But as Karl Schlögel shows in this groundbreaking book, the where of history is just as important as the when. Schlögel relishes space the way a writer relishes a good story: on a quest for a type of history that takes full account of place, he explores everything from landscapes to cities, maps to railway timetables. Do you know the origin of the name \"Everest\"? What can the layout of towns tell us about the American Dream? In Space We Read Time reveals this and much, much more. Here is both a model for thinking about history within physical space and a stimulating history of thought about space, as Schlögel reads historical periods and events within the context of their geographical location. Discussions range from the history of geography in France to what a town directory from 1930s Berlin can say about professional trades that have since disappeared. He takes a special interest in maps, which can serve many purposes-one poignant example being the German Jewish community's 1938 atlas of emigration, which showed the few remaining possibilities for escape. Other topics include Thomas Jefferson's map of the United States; the British survey of India; and the multiple cartographers with Woodrow Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference, where the aim was to redraw Europe's boundaries on the basis of ethnicity. Moving deftly from the Austro-Hungarian Empire to 9/11 and from Vermeer's paintings to the fall of the Berlin Wall, this intriguing book presents history from a completely new perspective.

An engaging guide to the various ways in which war is now waged-and how to adapt to this new reality Hybrid War, Grey Zone Warfare, Unrestricted War: today, traditional conflict-fought with guns, bombs, and drones-has become too expensive to wage, too unpopular at home, and too difficult to manage. In an age when America threatens Europe with sanctions, and when China spends billions buying influence abroad, the world is heading for a new era of permanent low-level conflict, often unnoticed, undeclared, and unending. Transnational crime expert Mark Galeotti provides a comprehensive and ground-breaking survey of the new way of war. Ranging across the globe, Galeotti shows how today's conflicts are fought with everything from disinformation and espionage to crime and subversion, leading to instability within countries and a legitimacy crisis across the globe. But rather than suggest that we hope for a return to a bygone era of \"stable\" warfare, Galeotti details ways of surviving, adapting, and taking advantage of the opportunities presented by this new reality.

The paper is devoted to econometric analysis of the impact of Russia–Ukraine conflict­, which started in February 2022, on TV advertising strategies of fast-moving consumer­ goods (FMCG) companies. With the help of quantitative methods, the study analyzes­ changes in TV advertising expenditures of domestic and foreign brands, using Mediascope TV Index daily data from 2021 and 2022 to test the hypothesis of whether this geopolitical shock made advertising costs dwindle or rise. Cross-country-of-origin and cross-product dif­ferences are also investigated. It is confirmed that, on average, the shock resulted in a reduction of ad expenditures of FMCG companies with a pronounced effect on domestic brands and brands from “friendly” countries. Thus, the cost-saving arguments seem to outweigh the expected benefits from promotion in the majority of the considered FMCG product markets. The increase in ad spending on isolated product groups (clothing, electronics, personal hygiene items and tobacco and alcoholic beverages) indirectly evidences that the brands faced sharp intensification of competition because of structural changes in the markets under which extra ad spending was found reasonable.

This study investigates the role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational agility, resilience, and sustainability in B2B manufacturing, focusing on packaging companies in Caraga, Philippines. Drawing on Lewin’s Change Model, it examines how leadership-driven transformation fosters adaptability and long-term sustainability under competitive pressure. A quantitative design was applied using data from 367 middle- and top-level managers selected through purposive sampling. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS was used to test the measurement and structural models, including hypotheses and serial mediation effects. The structural model results show that three out of four direct hypotheses are statistically significant: transformational leadership significantly influences organizational agility, organizational agility significantly affects organizational resilience, and transformational leadership directly impacts organizational sustainability. However, the direct effect of organizational resilience on sustainability is not significant. Despite this, the serial mediation analysis reveals a significant indirect effect of transformational leadership on sustainability through agility and resilience, indicating that the mediation path holds overall statistical support. By applying Lewin’s Change Model, the study illustrates how transformational leadership initiates change (“unfreezing”), enables agility and resilience (“moving”), and embeds sustainable practices (“refreezing”). This integration provides a nuanced view of how leadership facilitates organizational adaptation in dynamic environments. Beyond leadership training, organizations, particularly in resource-intensive sectors should invest in digital capabilities, decentralized structures, and employee well-being. Policymakers can support sustainability through incentives, while industry associations may promote cross-sector learning. The findings are based on one region and industry, limiting generalizability. Future research could explore other sectors or adopt longitudinal approaches to track change over time.

This paper reviews writings about postdevelopment. It argues that critical scrutiny of the contemporary reconfiguring of postcolonial sovereignties provides a productive route to rethink the geographies of development and postdevelopment. The relationship of development narratives to reconfigurations of imperialism and postcolonialism produces a complex geography of development and postdevelopment that defies neat summary, but which demands more sustained attention to the interactions of enclosure, boundaries and subjectivities.

Time series analysis is a method of key importance for systems of various hierarchies' economic security studies. This article's main goal is to develop an economic security rapid indicators system, introducing threshold values and utilizing indices with a one-month sampling period, and its approbation during Russia's economic security operational monitoring. In order to develop such a system, the authors accumulated economic security world experience including reliability, visibility and tree structure principles. The authors' monitoring system includes four spheres: real economy, social, monetary and foreign economic, each of which contains three indicators. In order to organize economic security monitoring, it is proposed to use the index method, which converts indicators into a dimensionless form with integral values in subsequent calculations. Based on integral indices values, the economic security generalized index is synthesized, which can be used to analyze a system's development trends. We present economic security normalized indicators and integral indices dynamics for the years 2020-2022, which show two crises dynamics. The first is due the COVID-19 pandemic, while the second is associated with economic sanctions against Russia, implemented in 2022. The proposed economic security operational monitoring indicators system can be used effectively in the government's practical tasks in order to ensure the required level of economic security. This is especially true for rapid diagnosis of crisis phenomena in countries and individual regions.

On the northern side of la linea, green and white U.S Customs and Border Patrol vehicles roam the streets, signs written in Spanish and English advertise shuttle services to Tucson and Phoenix, and fast food restaurants like McDonald's and Burger King, stalwart symbols of U.S. consumerism, are close walking distance to the main crossing. What of the fact that the United States Census Bureau (2018) reported that at least 58.9 million people—1 percent of the total U.S. population—identified as Hispanic or Latinx in 2017, or that by 2060 this population is projected to reach 111 million, 28 percent of the country's total? While there are empirical, analytical, and theoretical aims to using the concept of region as a frame of study (see Hale, 2014), it is important to bear in mind the territorializing effects of the \"idea of Latin America,\" as Mignolo (2005) argued, especially with regard to the production of knowledge and role the Journal of Latin American Geography (JLAG) plays within that endeavor. [...]a critique draws attention to how, despite perhaps espousing an emancipatory intention, research can serve to deepen colonial power relations, particularly concerning the discipline of geography and its role in producing and reproducing spatial imaginaries or sociocultural \"others\" (Martinet, Artero, Opillard, & Pinaud, 2018).

A marriage between the private sectors of the two countries is a must for bolstering trade and investment. [...]the private sectors of both countries have hardly started any semblance of cooperation. [...]there appears to be a gap for the first time in the understanding of geopolitical issues between New Delhi and Moscow.