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"Geotechnical engineering"
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35 Years of (AI) in Geotechnical Engineering: State of the Art
It was 35 years ago since the first usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique in geotechnical engineering, during those years many (AI) techniques were developed based in mathematical, statistical and logical concepts, but the breakthrough occurs by mimicking the natural searching and optimization algorithms. This huge development in (AI) techniques reflected on the geotechnical engineering problems. In this research, 626 paper and thesis published in the period from 1984 to 2019 concerned in applying (AI) techniques in geotechnical engineering were collected, filtered, arranged and classified with respect to subject, (AI) technique, publisher and publishing date and stored in a database. The extracted information from the database were tabulated, presented graphically and commented. The main conclusions is that the number of researches in this field increases almost exponentially, the most used (AI) technique is the Artificial Neural Networks and its enhancements where it is presents about half the researches and finally correlating soil and rock properties is the most addressed subject with about 30% of the researches.
Journal Article
Modern earth structures for transport engineering : engineering and sustainability aspects
\"Technical demands have to be adequately related to the risk with which the design and execution are connected. Soil used for the construction, together with subsoil, are natural materials with a high degree of inhomogeneity. Therefore, the risk when constructing with such materials is much higher than for structures utilizing man-made materials. This book will be of interest to specialists responsible for transport infrastructure planning, investors (project owners) of motorways and railways and environmental engineers, responsible for geotechnical investigations, earth structures design and on contractors of such structures\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
LOQUAT: an open-source GPU-accelerated SPH solver for geotechnical modeling
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshless method gaining popularity recently in geotechnical modeling. It is suitable to solve problems involving large deformation, free-surface, cracking and fragmentation. To promote the research and application of SPH in geotechnical engineering, we present LOQUAT, an open-source three-dimensional GPU accelerated SPH solver. LOQUAT employs the standard SPH formulations for solids with two geomechnical constitutive models which are the Drucker–Prager model and a hypoplastic model. Three stabilization techniques, namely, artificial viscosity, artificial pressure and stress regularization are included. A generalized boundary particle method is presented to model static and moving boundaries with arbitrary geometry. LOQUAT employs GPU acceleration technique to greatly increase the computational efficiency. Numerical examples show that the solver is convergent, stable and highly efficient. With a mainstream GPU, it can simulate large scale problems with tens of millions of particles, and easily performs more than one thousand times faster than serial CPU code.
Journal Article
Improvement of the Shearing Behaviour of Loess Using Recycled Straw Fiber Reinforcement
Reinforcing structural members and construction materials using recycled fibers has become popular in the past decades due to sustainable development concerns. The recycled fibers as soil reinforcement elements contribute to the increase in shear strength by distributing stresses exerted in the soil along the length of the recycled fibers. Loess, widely spread over the Chinese Loess Plateau, is featured with metastable structure, large porosity, and high water sensitivity. This study presents the results of applying the large-scale stress-controlled direct shear tests on the recycled straw fiber-reinforced loess. The formation mechanism of shearing behaviour enhancement of the loess by straw fiber inclusion is revealed. The associated strain-hardening behaviour can be manifested using the dilation angle or the difference in friction angle between the large-displacement friction angle and the peak friction angle. Further, the shear strength using the displacement-controlled direct shear tests presents good correspondence with that using the stress-controlled direct shear tests. The test results explore the potential of using the recycled straw fiber-reinforced loess to protect the fragile loess environment in the northwest of China.
Journal Article
Geotechnical engineering and Earth's materials and processes
\"Every structure that touches the ground could benefit from the skills of a geotechnical engineer. Readers will discover how these engineers study rocks, soil, natural processes, and potential hazards to help make the safest, strongest foundations possible. This book introduces key concepts and the engineering design process with interesting examples from the field. A hands-on activity and a design challenge engage readers in engineering action.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The effect of temperature on the drained shear behavior of calcareous sand
In answer to the growing demands for temperature-related engineering applications in marine geotechnical engineering, this article explores the effect of temperature on the drained shear behavior of calcareous sand. Sixteen drained triaxial shear tests were therefore performed on calcareous sand under various temperatures, and in addition, a further eight were carried out on Fujian standard quartz sand by way of comparison. The results showed that an increase in temperature aggravated the particle breakage of calcareous sand in shear. Increasing the temperature improved the strength and dilatancy of quartz sand but weakened them in calcareous sand. This aggravation of particle breakage at high temperature seems to be one of the main reasons behind the decrease in the strength and dilatancy of calcareous sand. Increasing the temperature led to a decrease in the peak-state friction angle φps, the maximum dilatancy angle ψps, the critical-state friction angle φcs and the critical-state void ratio of calcareous sand. A stress-dilatancy equation for the impairment of the stress-dilatancy behavior caused by increasing the temperature was proposed for calcareous sand, and an empirical model for estimating φcs was then put forward. An increase in the temperature caused the increase in relative particle breakage Br of calcareous sand. φps and ψmax decreased with Br as a negative correlation power function. Additionally, the effect of particle breakage on φcs had a correlation with the stress state. This study may be helpful in reducing the deterioration of structural stability in projects with an inadequate design due to the lack of a full understanding of the effect of temperature on calcareous sand.
Journal Article
GIS : an introduction to mapping technologies
\"This second edition of \"GIS\" is thoroughly rewritten and adds two new chapters to respond to today's students' demand for critical engagement with technologies that address relevant issues across several disciplines, and prepares them for higher-level work in geotechnologies. Chapters are arranged to build competence in fundamental skills, explore applications of higher-level managerial and analytical functions that are called upon in public, non-profit, and private sector milieu, and propose a detailed template for organizing, executing, and completing a GIS project successfully. This interests all users from beginners to experienced professionals\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Prediction of safety factors for slope stability: comparison of machine learning techniques
Because of the disasters associated with slope failure, the analysis and forecasting of slope stability for geotechnical engineers are crucial. In this work, in order to forecast the factor of safety (FOS) of the slopes, six machine learning techniques of Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector regression, decision trees, long-short term memory, deep neural networks, and K-nearest neighbors were performed. A total of 327 slope cases in Iran with various geometric and shear strength parameters analyzed by PLAXIS software to evaluate their FOS were employed in the models. The K-fold (K = 5) cross-validation (CV) method was applied to evaluate the performance of models’ prediction. Finally, all the models produced acceptable results and almost close to each other. However, the GPR model with R2 = 0.8139, RMSE = 0.160893, and MAPE = 7.209772% was the most accurate model to predict slope stability. Also, the backward selection method was applied to evaluate the contribution of each parameter in the prediction problem. The results showed that all the features considered in this study have significant contributions to slope stability. However, features φ (friction angle) and γ (unit weight) were the most effective and least effective parameters on slope stability, respectively.
Journal Article