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Most geotextiles consist of polymers of polyolefin, polyester or polyamide family, which involve environmental problems related to soil pollution. Geotextiles can be used for at least one of the following functions: Separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, stabilization, barrier, and erosion protection. Due to the characteristics of high strength, low cost, and easy to use, geotextiles are widely used in geotechnical engineering such as soft foundation reinforcement, slope protection, and drainage system. This paper reviews composition and function of geotextiles in geotechnical engineering. In addition, based on literatures including the most recent data, the discussion turns to recent development of geotextiles, with emphasis on green geotextiles, intelligent geotextiles, and high-performance geotextiles. The present situation of these new geotextiles and their application in geotechnical engineering are reviewed.

This paper will give an introduction in geotextile containers, covering typical sizes and the materials used. A case study of a typical application highlights the advantages of geotextile tubes, which are a subcategory of geotextile containers, and explains their installation in challenging conditions.

Cotton fabrics have been known as one of the most common fibers due to its high absorption ability to chemicals, cheapness and high strength. The functionalization of natural fabrics with conductive polymers can produce conductive surfaces of high-performance textile with multifunctional properties. In the current work, conductive natural high-performance fabric was prepared by plasma assisted coating of cotton fabrics with different conductive polymers in presence or absence of silver nanoparticles. Nanostructured thin layer of polyaniline derivative was prepared in situ after plasma activation technique. Silver nanoparticles were deposited from silver nitrate solution by taking advantage of reduction capability of the conductive polymers. By changing the type of conductive polymer and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles, high-performance fabrics with altered or improved multifunctional properties were obtained including antibacterial, electrical conductivity, thermochromism, acid sensitivity and responsiveness to metal ions for a variety of potential purposes, such as biomedical, geo-textile and antistatic applications.

PurposeOver-accumulation of cadmium and lead in rice grain is a global concern as it has adverse health impacts. Atmospheric deposition is an important source of heavy metal accumulation in soil, but contribution to crops has not been quantified and the mechanisms of foliar Cd and Pb uptake via the stomata of rice leaves exposed to atmospheric fallout are unclear.MethodsTo quantify the contribution of atmospheric deposition on Cd and Pb accumulation in rice grains, a rice pot experiment with four exposure treatments (T1, all day exposure without geotextile membranes; T2, all day exposure with geotextile membranes; T3, daytime exposure with geotextile membranes; and T4, night exposure with geotextile membranes) using severely (ZZ) and moderately (XT) polluted soils was conducted.ResultsCd content in shoots and roots was T1 > T2, T3 > T4 in XT soils, and T1 > T2, T4 > T3 in ZZ soils, while Pb content in both soils was T1 > T2, and T4 > T3. Cd and Pb contents in rice grains showed the same trend. Using the isotope ratios tracing method (114/111Cd, 112/111Cd, and 207/206Pb, 208/206Pb), it can be concluded that the contribution of atmospheric deposition to rice grains was quantified as 63.55% and 18.01% for Cd, and 27.69% and 41.13% for Pb in XT and ZZ soils, respectively.ConclusionsFoliar uptake atmospheric deposition had substantial effect on Cd and Pb accumulation in rice grains and the control of heavy metal foliar uptake should be paid more attention to maintain rice safety production.

Geosynthetics have been commonly used for the construction of civil engineering structures such as retaining wall, road and railways, coastal protection, soft ground improvement work, and landfill systems since the 1960s. In the past 40 years, the development of polymer materials has helped to prolong the life of geosynthetics. In terms of the practical use of geosynthetics, engineers must understand their appropriate application. The first part of this paper provides a basic description of geosynthetics, including their types, components, and functions. The second part deals with the geosynthetics used as filters. This part briefly presents the mechanism of filtration, the factors affecting the durability of geotextile filters, design concepts, laboratory tests, and case studies. The third part of the study covers the use of geosynthetics for stabilisation. Its mechanism was explained separately for geogrids and for geocells. Several examples of applications with geosynthetics intended for the stabilisation function are described in the last part of this paper.

Geotextile bag dams withstand the earth pressure of tailings in tailings reservoir by the shear stress on interface of geotextile bags. To improve the interfacial friction characteristics, pull-out tests were conducted on geotextile bags filled with fine tailings slurry containing various cement content, and the influences of cement content on the interfacial shear characteristics were explored. To describe the progressive failure of the interface, the theoretical analysis of interface pull-out behavior was performed. The results revealed that adding content cement into fine tailings slurry not only augmented the shear strength and residual strength ratio of the interface but also postponed interface softening. The optimal amount of cement was 3%, and the apparent friction angle which played a dominant role in interface strength was increased 17.4%, compared with no cement used. The elastic-plastic model and trilinear softening model were respectively improved to conform to the interfacial shear characteristics obtained in pull-out tests under low normal stress (< 60 kPa) and high normal stress (≥60 kPa). The interface shear stiffness of geotextile bag with the interfacial displacement within 20 mm and the dynamic compression modulus along the drawing direction were regarded as significant model parameters. The comparative analysis of shear stress-displacement curves, which were obtained from model calculating and test measuring, was carried out to verify the reliability and rationality of the model. The evolution patterns of the plastic zone, softening zone and residual zone of the interface were analyzed based on the model, and the warning values for interface failure were proposed. The development degree of interfacial plastic zone, softening zone and residual zone can be approximately calculated by quadratic polynomial of normalized pull-out force. The research results of this paper will provide reliable theoretical support for the design, construction and operation management of geotextile bag dams.

The geosynthetic reinforcement in a pile-supported (GRPS) embankment can be designed using the CUR226 (2016) design guideline. This design guideline adopted the Concentric Arches model (Van Eekelen et al, 2013, 2015). The validated application of this model is limited to GRPS embankments whose geometry and materials meet the conditions of the field cases and experiments used for the validation of the Concentric Arches model. This means for example that: the whole embankment should be located above the groundwater table and that at least one geogrid layer should be used as reinforcement. If these requirements are not met, additional measurements are requested by CUR226 to demonstrate that the system comes within the framework of the guideline. This paper presents and discusses field measurements that were therefore conducted in a partially submerged GRPS embankment. The embankment was reinforced with two layers woven geotextile and no geogrid. It was concluded that the Concentric Arches model matches the measured geotextile strains very well, so that we may conclude that the CUR226 is also applicable for geotextile-reinforced piled embankment without geogrids. Furthermore, an increasing groundwater level seems to result in a reduction of the geotextile strain. It is recommended to conduct more research to further analyse the influence of water in GRPS embankments.

The water retention curves (WRC) presented in this study were determined for materials constituting prototypes of evapotranspirative capillary barrier coverage, which used gneissic residual soil and non-woven geotextile. The determination of the WRC was made possible by the hanging column test for the two distinct non-woven geotextiles and the hanging column and filter paper tests for the residual soil. Both tests were executed with both the drying and wetting trajectories. The curves were adjusted and the hydraulic conductivity functions were estimated, thus enabling a greater understanding of the hydraulic behavior of the materials involved. The non-woven geotextiles and residual soil presented WRC, as expected, similar to the WRC presented in the literature for similar materials.

This study examines the stabilization of road embankments on soft soil in the Bts Road Section, Toli Toli City – Silondou, where road subsidence and flooding occur due to the soft peat soil and the area’s location in a watershed. To address these issues, the subgrade was improved using geotextile reinforcement with phased construction. The study aims to evaluate the safety factor of the embankments and the extent of soil consolidation settlement, using both the Plaxis V20 2D program and manual CPTu data interpretation. Results show minimal differences between the two methods in achieving 95% consolidation, with settlement differences of 3 cm with geotextile and 4 cm without. The time to reach this consolidation differed by up to 12 days. At 3, 6, and 12 months, settlement differences were 2 cm, 7 cm, and 1 cm, respectively. The safety factor for embankments with geotextile reinforcement was significantly higher, with changes of 38.70% at console stage 1, 29.39% at stage 2, 14.26% at preload, and 13.78% at U-95%. These results demonstrate that geotextile reinforcement provides effective stabilization for road embankments on soft soil.

This contribution presents an experimental analysis of the static characteristics of selected sorbent materials under liquid flow conditions. The study focuses on cenospheres—lightweight microspherical particles formed as a by-product of coal combustion—tested in several distinct particle size fractions, as well as on a ceramic granulate of defined fraction. A dedicated experimental setup was constructed, featuring a modular filtration unit designed to ensure the stable placement of the sorbent material. The sorbent was secured within the filtration chamber using geotextile membranes. During the tests, flow rates and the corresponding pressure drops were systematically measured for each material fraction. Based on the collected data, characteristic curves showing pressure drop as a function of flow rate were plotted. The results enable a comparison of the hydraulic resistance of the individual sorbents depending on their size fractions. The measured data will further support the selection of optimal sorbent materials for filtration applications, with an emphasis on minimizing pressure losses and maximizing sorption capacity—aiming at the efficient design of energy-saving filtration systems.