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"German unification"
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The Costs of Remoteness: Evidence from German Division and Reunification
This paper exploits the division of Germany after the Second World War and the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990 as a natural experiment to provide evidence for the importance of market access for economic development. In line with a standard new economic geography model, we find that, following division, cities in West Germany close to the East-West German border experienced a substantial decline in population growth relative to other West German cities. We show that the model can account for the quantitative magnitude of our findings and provide additional evidence against alternative possible explanations.
Journal Article
Enforcement of rehabilitation for politically persecuted persons during the Soviet occupation of Germany in the terms of the international Covenant on civil and political rights
Nineteen authors have filed a communication to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights against Germany and the Russian Federation to enforce rehabilitation of their legal predecessors, who were victims of denazification (Russian: Денацификация) measures in Post-War Germany. They reprimand that they and the persons concerned are discriminated by the current German legislation against all other groups of comparably politically persecuted persons on the territory of the former Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany (Russian: Coвeтcкaя oккyпaциoннaя зoнa Гepмaнии), being excluded from the scope of the existing rehabilitation acts, which have come into force after the German Reunification. Whilst any other persecutees can be rehabilitated according to the existing rehabilitation acts (Criminal Rehabilitation Act and Administrative Rehabilitation Act), and whilst victims of denazification measures in the former Western Occupations Zones had been enabled to enforce their rehabilitation in the terms of German acts in the years between 1951 until 1955 after the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany, those persons who were victims of denazification measures in the former Soviet Occupation Zone are excluded from any rehabilitation. This exclusion is justified by the German legislator and the Federal Constitutional Court with the argument that otherwise the former USSR would not have agreed to the German Reunification.
Journal Article
After the Berlin Wall : memory and the making of the new Germany, 1989 to the present
\"Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, people around the world still remember the joyous drama of that night and the days and nights that followed. Even at a time before smartphones and twitter helped people experience an event together, the surprise opening of the Berlin Wall was viewed by millions on television sets and splashed across headlines around the globe. For Berliners and Germans themselves, dramatic days followed which would change their lives and their country\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Discursive Opportunities and the Evolution of Right‐Wing Violence in Germany
This article explores the link between violence and public discourse. It suggests that media attention to radical right violence and public reactions to violence affect the clustering of targets and the temporal and spatial distribution of violence. The notion of 'discursive opportunities' is introduced, and the article argues that it can serve to link political opportunity structure and framing perspectives on collective action. Using a cross-sectional and time-series design to model event counts in states in Germany, this study finds that differential public visibility, resonance, and legitimacy of right-wing violence significantly affected the rate of violence against different target groups. Reprinted by permission of the University of Chicago Press. © All rights reserved
Journal Article
The path to the Berlin Wall
The long path to the Berlin Wall began in 1945, when Josef Stalin instructed the Communist Party to take power in the Soviet occupation zone while the three Western allies secured their areas of influence. When Germany was split into separate states in 1949, Berlin remained divided into four sectors, with West Berlin surrounded by the GDR but lingering as a captivating showcase for Western values and goods. Following a failed Soviet attempt to expel the allies from West Berlin with a blockade in 1948-49, a second crisis ensued from 1958-61, during which the Soviet Union demanded once and for all the withdrawal of the Western powers and the transition of West Berlin to a \"Free City.\" Ultimately Nikita Khrushchev decided to close the border in hopes of halting the overwhelming exodus of East Germans into the West.
Tracing this path from a German perspective, Manfred Wilke draws on recently published conversations between Khrushchev and Walter Ulbricht, head of the East German state, in order to reconstruct the coordination process between these two leaders and the events that led to building the Berlin Wall.
eBook
1989
1989explores the momentous events following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the effects they have had on our world ever since. Based on documents, interviews, and television broadcasts from Washington, London, Paris, Bonn, Berlin, Warsaw, Moscow, and a dozen other locations,1989describes how Germany unified, NATO expansion began, and Russia got left on the periphery of the new Europe.
This updated edition contains a new afterword with the most recent evidence on the 1990 origins of NATO's post-Cold War expansion.
eBook
Political regimes and the family: how sex-role attitudes continue to differ in reunified Germany
We exploit the German separation and later reunification to investigate whether political regimes can shape attitudes about appropriate roles for women in the family and the labor market. During the divided years, East German institutions encouraged female employment, while the West German system deterred women, in particular mothers, from full-time employment. Our results show that East Germans are significantly more likely to hold egalitarian sex-role attitudes than West Germans. Despite a scenario of partial policy convergence after reunification, we find no evidence for a convergence process in gender attitudes. Indeed, if anything, the gap in attitudes rather increased.
Journal Article