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"German-speaking countries"
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Books Without Borders in Enlightenment Europe
Though the field of book history has long been divided into discrete national histories, books have seldom been as respectful of national borders as the historians who study them-least of all in the age of Enlightenment when French books reached readers throughout Europe. In this erudite and engagingly written study, Jeffrey Freedman examines one of the most important axes of the transnational book trade in Enlightenment Europe: the circulation of French books between France and the German-speaking lands. Focusing on the critical role of book dealers as cultural intermediaries, he follows French books through each stage of their journey-from the French-language printing shops where they were produced, to the wholesale book fairs in Leipzig, to retail book shops at locations scattered widely throughout Germany. At some of those locations, authorities reacted with alarm to the spread of French books, burning works of the radical French Enlightenment and punishing the booksellers who sold them. But officials had little power to curtail their circulation: the political fragmentation of the German lands made it virtually impossible to police the book trade. Largely unimpeded by censorship, French books circulated more freely in Germany than in the absolutist monarchy of France. In comparison, the flow of German books into the French market was negligible-an asymmetry that corresponded to the hierarchy of languages in Enlightenment Europe. But publishers in Switzerland produced French translations of German books. By means of title changes, creative editing, and mendacious advertising, the Swiss publishers adapted works of the German Enlightenment for an audience of French-readers that stretched from Dublin to Moscow. An innovative contribution to both the history of the book and the transnational study of the Enlightenment, Freedman's work tells a story of crucial importance to understanding the circulation of texts in an age in which the concept of World Literature had not yet been invented, but the phenomenon already existed.
eBook
Negotiating Vertical Urbanization at the Public–Private Nexus: On the Institutional Embeddedness of Planning Committees
While the planning and development of dense and high-rise neighborhoods are commonly perceived as primarily technical procedures, the past several decades have highlighted the growing social complexity of these processes. Neighborhood initiatives opposing development, as well as an increasing variety of public and private stakeholders involved in these processes, have led to the continual emergence of organizations that facilitate the production of urban density and verticality. Committees are founded to operate at the nexus of public and private development, while simultaneously promoting urban growth and public interests. Although they often are not formally recognized as political entities, they are constituted by political acts and hence influence planning processes. However, despite all the research into dense and high-rise neighborhood developments, academic interest has so far neglected the role of committees in these processes. This article aims to fill this gap by presenting an analysis of 23 committees engaging with high-rise housing and neighborhood developments in the three German-speaking countries of Austria, Switzerland, and Germany. First, it reveals the heterogeneity of committees, delineating four components for the institutionalization of committees. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of two committees in Austria and Switzerland, to demonstrate how these structural components influence the development of neighborhoods.
Journal Article
Career, Covid-19, and care:(Gendered) impacts of the pandemic on the work of communication scholars
The study at hand analyzes the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and related restrictions on scholars in the area of media and communication studies. It aims to highlight inequalities in the negative effects of the pandemic on academic output by examining the working conditions of scholars, taking into account gender, parenthood, and the partnership-based division of professional and care work. The quantitative survey was directed at communication scholars in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The findings show that there are no significant gender differences in terms of changes in academic output during the first 15 months of the pandemic; instead, disadvantages were observed in terms of parenting, regardless of the gender of the parents. Gender-specific effects could be detected concerning family situations and partnerships. Here, male participants are more often found in relationships in which the partner only works half-time, than women who mostly live with a partner who works full-time. The data suggest that gender differences related to changes in the time allotted for professional and care work and academic output are leveled out by the characteristics of the academic career model in which German-speaking scholars work. Nevertheless, gendered structures in academia and partnerships shape how the impact of the pandemic on professional work is experienced.
Journal Article
Shining the light on left-wing authoritarianism in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland
Research on left-wing authoritarianism (LWA) is still scarce in German-speaking countries as a reliable, culturally invariant, and valid self-report measure is currently missing. The present research aims at mitigating this gap by adapting the Left-Wing-Authoritarianism-Index (LWAI) from English and Spanish into German (LWAI-G). In the present research, we tested the psychometric properties and the measurement invariance of the LWAI-G across different German-speaking countries. Also, we investigated its validity. For these purposes, we applied the LWAI-G in a convenience sample from German-speaking countries (
N
= 388) and representative samples from Austria (
N
= 837), Germany (
N
= 2,048), and the German-speaking part of Switzerland (
N
= 826). The results of the present research provide initial and preliminary evidence that the shorter (i.e., the 12- and 13-item) versions of the LWAI-G may be used for the scientific investigation of LWA in Austria, Germany, and the German-speaking part of Switzerland. For these shorter versions of the LWAI-G, the expected first-order factor structure with three correlated LWA factors (antihierarchical aggression, anticonventionalism, and top-down censorship) emerged. These shorter versions also demonstrated to be invariant across the representative samples. The results regarding the validity of the LWAI-G are mixed which demonstrates the need for further theory-based research.
Journal Article
Country-of-destination patterns vary by gender: completed fertility among first-generation migrants in Europe
Previous research on migrant fertility has focused mainly on the total fertility rate (TFR) at the macro level or on specific birth transitions of migrant women or their descendants at the individual level. Few studies at the micro level examine completed fertility among migrants across European countries, and few compare fertility patterns of migrant men with those of migrant women. Building on theoretical considerations on migrant fertility, i.e., adaptation, disruption, selection hypotheses, and the comparative integration context theory, this study investigates first-generation migrants’ number of children ever born across European countries of destination and the underlying gender differences. We analyze data from the Generations and Gender Survey Round II (2020–2022) of two German-speaking countries (Germany and Austria) and three Nordic countries (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden). The first dependent variable is the number of children, for which Poisson regression models are estimated. The second dependent variable is childlessness, for which linear probability models are estimated. All models are estimated separately for migrants and natives. The results support the hypotheses on the influence of the comparative integration context and on adaptation processes, but reveal major gender differences: completed fertility patterns among migrant women resemble those of natives, but this is not the case for migrant men. Migrant women in the Nordic countries have more children than their counterparts in Germany, while the results for migrant men remain inconclusive. Rates of childlessness among migrant men in the Nordic countries surpass those of both native men and migrant women, indicating that migration disrupts family formation more for men than women. This disruption seems to occur as early as the union formation stage, i.e., migrant men in the Nordic countries are at greatest risk of remaining single among the groups observed.
Journal Article
The Role of Environmental Management Performance in Higher Education Institutions
Higher education institutions (HEIs) are influential social institutions which educate future decision-makers and shape society as a whole. Motivated by new public management, the proliferation of business tools, and a rising awareness for responsible acting, environmental management has also become a matter for HEIs. Focusing on performance outcomes and improvement based mechanisms leads to a professionalization through the active management of environmental issues. Therefore, the support of management structures is an essential prerequisite when implementing environmental efforts. Thus far, little attention has been dedicated to environmental management performance and steering processes of environmental issues in HEIs, which marks the research gap of this study. This article presents results of a survey on the concept of environmental management performance (EMP) based on Trumpp et al. (2015) aiming to answer the research question of how HEIs conduct environmental management along the dimensions of EMP, which includes environmental policy, environmental objectives, environmental processes, organizational structures, and monitoring. The results show that, as of now, HEIs pursue no common practice when approaching EMP. Nevertheless, two thirds of the respondents show an orientation towards sustainability with particularly high values regarding issues of environmental policy.
Journal Article
Patterns of care for prostate cancer radiotherapy—results from a survey among German-speaking radiation oncologists
BackgroundEmerging moderately hypofractionated and ultra-hypofractionated schemes for radiotherapy (RT) of prostate cancer (PC) have resulted in various treatment options. The aim of this survey was to evaluate recent patterns of care of German-speaking radiation oncologists for RT of PC.MethodsWe developed an online survey which we distributed via e‑mail to all registered members of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO). The survey was completed by 109 participants between March 3 and April 3, 2020. For evaluation of radiation dose, we used the equivalent dose at fractionation of 2 Gy with α/β = 1.5 Gy, equivalent dose (EQD2 [1.5 Gy]).ResultsMedian EQD2(1.5 Gy) for definitive RT of the prostate is 77.60 Gy (range: 64.49–84.00) with median single doses (SD) of 2.00 Gy (range: 1.80–3.00), while for postoperative RT of the prostate bed, median EQD2(1.5 Gy) is 66.00 Gy (range: 60.00–74.00) with median SD of 2.00 Gy (range: 1.80–2.00). For definitive RT, the pelvic lymph nodes (LNs) are treated in case of suspect findings in imaging (82.6%) and/or according to risk formulas/tables (78.0%). In the postoperative setting, 78.9% use imaging and 78.0% use the postoperative tumor stage for LN irradiation. In the definitive and postoperative situation, LNs are irradiated with a median EQD2(1.5 Gy) of 47.52 Gy with a range of 42.43–66.00 and 41.76–62.79, respectively.ConclusionGerman-speaking radiation oncologists’ patterns of care for patients with PC are mainly in line with the published data and treatment recommendation guidelines. However, dose prescription is highly heterogenous for RT of the prostate/prostate bed, while the dose to the pelvic LNs is mainly consistent.
Journal Article
Management accounting developments in German-speaking countries: an overview and editorial reflections
Purpose
This study aims to present a brief overview of developments in management accounting research and practice in German-speaking countries, locate the contributions of this special issue in historical trajectories and provide an outlook of expected future developments in this area.
Design/methodology/approach
This study reviews the literature and draws a critically reflective approach.
Findings
A century after Schmalenbach, Germanic management and cost accounting have significantly changed, even though the roots of the cost accounting tradition of the late 19th and early 20th centuries are still visible in practice and teaching, which is true for both organisational practice and research. In both cases, an encroachment of the global on the local can be seen but, paradoxically, as Hopwood (1999) noted, the seemingly globally standardised accounting systems allow for local idiosyncrasies to specifically stand out. The anchoring of management accounting in financial accounting, the country-specific ownership and financing models, the importance of capital and labour markets (e.g. strong codetermination) for companies, regulations on corporate governance and the determination of the tax base are examples of institutions that can shape the behaviour of management and, thus, also idiosyncrasies of management accounting in a country.
Originality/value
The contributions of this special issue provide insight into developments in management accounting research and practice in German-speaking countries and, thus, enhance our understanding of the different historical trajectories and traditions in management accounting. The papers by Weber and Wiegmann and by Gisch et al. demonstrate how specific idiosyncratic practices and understandings of management accounting in German-speaking countries mediate global influences on management accounting in private- and public-sector organisations. The papers by Endenich et al. and by Kreilkamp et al. show that the influence of international developments in management accounting research has become stronger in German-speaking management accounting academia.
Journal Article
In search of inspiration: Pioneers and promoters of rural sociology
This article refers to Gerd Vonderach’s publications showing the relevance of discovering and (re)using the existing output of the social sciences. With reference to the terms
and
, this paper introduces selected classic figures of the social sciences in German-speaking countries and the discussions and controversies that have arisen in the course of analysing their work.
Journal Article