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"Germanic languages Grammar, Generative."
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Frequency, Forms and Functions of Cleft Constructions in Romance and Germanic
The volume describes the frequency, the forms and the functions of different cleft construction types across two language families: the Romance languages (with discussion of Italian, French and Spanish data) and the Germanic languages (with focus on English, German, Swiss German and Danish).
eBook
Derivations and Evaluations
This study shows that Scandinavian object shift and so-called A-scrambling in the continental Germanic languages are the same, and aims at providing an account of the variation that we find with respect to this phenomenon by combining certain aspects of the Minimalist Program and Optimality Theory. More specifically, it is claimed that representations created by a simplified version of the computational system of human language CHL are evaluated in an optimality theoretic fashion by taking recourse to a very small set of output constraints.
eBook
Extraction asymmetries : experimental evidence from German
This monograph addresses divergent views in the linguistic literature on whether German displays the that-trace effect and other subject/object asymmetries commonly found for long extractions in English and other languages. Using newly developed rating methodologies, the author exposes consistent and robust subject/object asymmetries in German - a surprisingly unequivocal result given that the existence of these effects is controversial. This finding raises important questions: how can one account for the discrepancy between the clear experimental evidence on the one hand, and the lack of consensus in the linguistic literature on the other? And secondly, it raises again the old question of why subject extractions are dispreferred. This work also provides intriguing new insights into the long-standing question on how to analyse German constructions such as Wer glaubst du hat recht? - the 'parenthesis versus extraction debate'. In this work decisive evidence points in favour of the parenthetical analysis.
eBook
On Extraction and Extraposition in German
Extraction has traditionally been one of the main topics in generative grammar, and it retains this status in current variants of the theory. German provides a good testing ground for traditional as well as current theories of extraction. The nine contributions to this volume document the recent lively discussions on the adequate analyses of extraction constructions, on the impact of extraction on semantic interpretation, and, above all, on the question of which constructions are to be analysed as extractions and which not.Uli Lutz gives an overview of extraction theory. Marga Reis challenges the standard analysis of extraction from verb-second clauses and opts for a parenthetic analysis. Franz d'Avis confronts current approaches to wh-islands with the facts in German and investigates the semantic properties of topicalization from wh-clauses. Sigrid Beck derives various negative island effects from a constraint on Logical Form. Jürgen Pafel relates the differences between two kinds of extraction from noun phrases to the structure of the noun phrases. Daniel Büring and Katharina Hartmann argue for the traditional analysis of extraposition as rightward movement, based on a detailed comparison with alternative accounts. Gereon Müller derives the peculiar restrictions on extraposition from a theory of improper movement. Hubert Haider defends his analysis of extraposition as a base-generated construction against his critics. Chris Wilder develops a minimalist account of extraposition and takes extraposition and coordination ellipsis to be instances of the same process.
eBook
Symmetric coordination : an alternative theory of phrase structure
This book presents a successful attempt at developing a uniform approach to symmetric coordination phenomena (Phrasal Coordination, Right Node Raising, and Gapping). But the account not only provides a common frame for coordination. In effect, it even provides a common frame for phrasal structures in general, since the proposed direct phrase structure approach is equally valid for both simplex and coordinate structures.
eBook
Pronouns and Clitics in Early Language
Traditional grammars have stated that clitics are subject or object pronouns whose distributional features make them different from personal pronouns. This book focuses on the acquisition of personal and demonstrative pronouns as well as clitics with respect to determinative phrases in a variety of languages of the Romance family and several indigenous languages, such as Quechua. A particularly original aspect of the present volume is that it not only addresses syntactic issues, but also semantic and pragmatic questions that have been widely neglected in the literature. It also reports on acquisition data of languages, such as Quechua, which have not attracted the attention of researchers until very recently.
eBook
On the syntax of missing objects : a study with special reference to English, Polish, and Hungarian
Focusing on objects, this book aims at contributing to the on-going inquiry into modelling structures with missing arguments. In addition to offering detailed discussion and analyses of a unique combination of three very different systems (English, Polish, and Hungarian), a larger goal here is to provide a framework for deriving cross-linguistic and intra-linguistic variation in the domain of object drop. Variation of this type is hypothesised to follow, first and foremost, from the association of heads in the extended nominal projection with phonemic features and from the system of interpretation of nominal expressions in a language. The book will be of interest to both theoretically- and descriptively-oriented researchers, since, even though its focus is theoretical, a detailed discussion of the empirical facts, including some novel findings drawn from corpus studies and grammaticality judgements, is also offered.
eBook
Norwegian Discourse Ellipsis
This book develops a grammar model for discourse ellipses in spoken Norwegian. Two major questions are addressed. Firstly, is there active syntactic structure in the ellipsis site? Secondly, how are discourse ellipses licensed? It is argued that both structural and semantic restrictions are required to account for the empirical patterns.
eBook