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Department stores in Germany, like their predecessors in France, Britain, and the United States, generated great excitement when they appeared at the end of the nineteenth century. Their sumptuous displays, abundant products, architectural innovations, and prodigious scale inspired widespread fascination and even awe; at the same time, however, many Germans also greeted the rise of the department store with considerable unease. InThe Consuming Temple, Paul Lerner explores the complex German reaction to department stores and the widespread belief that they posed hidden dangers both to the individuals, especially women, who frequented them and to the nation as a whole. Drawing on fiction, political propaganda, commercial archives, visual culture, and economic writings, Lerner provides multiple perspectives on the department store, placing it in architectural, gender-historical, commercial, and psychiatric contexts. Noting that Jewish entrepreneurs founded most German department stores, he argues that Jews and \"Jewishness\" stood at the center of the consumer culture debate from the 1880s, when the stores first appeared, through the latter 1930s, when they were \"Aryanized\" by the Nazis. German responses to consumer culture and the Jewish question were deeply interwoven, and the \"Jewish department store,\" framed as an alternative and threatening secular temple, a shrine to commerce and greed, was held responsible for fundamental changes that transformed urban experience and challenged national traditions in Germany's turbulent twentieth century. Department stores in Germany, like their predecessors in France, Britain, and the United States, generated great excitement when they appeared at the end of the nineteenth century. Their sumptuous displays, abundant products, architectural innovations, and prodigious scale inspired widespread fascination and even awe; at the same time, however, many Germans also greeted the rise of the department store with considerable unease. InThe Consuming Temple, Paul Lerner explores the complex German reaction to department stores and the widespread belief that they posed hidden dangers both to the individuals, especially women, who frequented them and to the nation as a whole.Drawing on fiction, political propaganda, commercial archives, visual culture, and economic writings, Lerner provides multiple perspectives on the department store, placing it in architectural, gender-historical, commercial, and psychiatric contexts. Noting that Jewish entrepreneurs founded most German department stores, he argues that Jews and \"Jewishness\" stood at the center of the consumer culture debate from the 1880s, when the stores first appeared, through the latter 1930s, when they were \"Aryanized\" by the Nazis. German responses to consumer culture and the Jewish question were deeply interwoven, and the \"Jewish department store,\" framed as an alternative and threatening secular temple, a shrine to commerce and greed, was held responsible for fundamental changes that transformed urban experience and challenged national traditions in Germany's turbulent twentieth century.

This article uses the history of Jewish street names in Frankfurt to challenge prevailing narratives about World War I's deleterious effect on Jewish integration in Germany. It also shows how spatial theory can raise new questions and enrich our understanding of the nature and markers of Jewish integration. By naming streets after prominent local and national Jews between 1872 and 1933, Frankfurt's municipal government used urban space to physically reinforce the idea that Jews were an integral part of their city's history and culture. The continued presence of many of these 49 Jewish street names during the five years following the Nazi Party's seizure of power suggests a surprising tenacity of certain elements of Jewish integration at a local level into the early years of the Third Reich. In the end, only an outside edict from Berlin brought about the final “aryanization” of Frankfurt's streets.

Paul Lerner explores German anxieties about the department store and the widespread belief that they posed hidden dangers both to the individuals and to the nation as a whole.

This chapter deals with prejudices toward Jews among Germans in the mid-1880s and how these prejudices induced early social and economic scientists to take steps to develop objective methods of empirical social research. These prejudices became manifest in anenquêteconducted in 1887 by the German Association for Social Policy (Verein für Socialpolitik, VfS), founded in 1872. Introductory remarks about the situation of Jews and the work of the VfS around 1880 in Germany may help to explain the circumstances. Until the establishment of Imperial Germany in 1871 German Jews struggled for their emancipation. In 1869 the Northern German Federation

Berlin Electropolisties the German discourse on nervousness in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to Berlin's transformation into a capital of the second industrial revolution. Focusing on three key groups-railway personnel, soldiers, and telephone operators-Andreas Killen traces the emergence in the 1880s and then later decline of the belief that modernity caused nervous illness. During this period, Killen explains, Berlin became arguably the most advanced metropolis in Europe. A host of changes, many associated with breakthroughs in technologies of transportation, communication, and leisure, combined to radically alter the shape and tempo of everyday life in Berlin. The resulting consciousness of accelerated social change and the shocks and afflictions that accompanied it found their consummate expression in the discourse about nervousness. Wonderfully researched and clearly written, this book offers a wealth of new insights into the nature of the modern metropolis, the psychological aftermath of World War I, and the operations of the German welfare state. Killen also explores cultural attitudes toward electricity, the evolution of psychiatric thought and practice, and the status of women workers in Germany's rapidly industrializing economy. Ultimately, he argues that the backlash against the welfare state that occurred during the late Weimar Republic brought about the final decoupling of modernity and nervous illness.

According to Allen, motherhood and citizenship are terms that are closely linked and have been redefined over the past century due to changes in women's status, feminist movements, and political developments. Mother-child relationships were greatly affected by political decisions during the early 1900s, and the maternal role has been transformed over the years. To understand the dilemmas faced by women concerning motherhood and work, for example, Allen argues that the problem must be examined in terms of its demographic and political development through history. Allen highlights the feminist movements in Western Europe - primarily Britain, France, Germany and the Netherlands, and explores the implications of the maternal role for women's aspirations to the rights of citizenship. Among the topics Allen explores the history of the maternal role, psychoanalysis and theories on the mother-child relationship, changes in family law from 1890-1914, the economic status of mothers, and reproductive responsibility.

Between 1880 and 1914 several million Eastern Europeans migrated West. Much is known about the immigration experience of Jews, Poles, Greeks, and others, notably in the United States. Yet, little is known about the paths of mass migration across \"green borders\" via European railway stations and ports to destinations in other continents. Ellis Island, literally a point of passageintoAmerica, has a much higher symbolic significance than the often inconspicuous departure stations, makeshift facilities for migrant masses at European railway stations and port cities, and former control posts along borders that were redrawn several times during the twentieth century. This volume focuses on the journeys of Jews from Eastern Europe through Germany, Britain, and Scandinavia between 1880 and 1914. The authors investigate various aspects of transmigration including medical controls, travel conditions, and the role of the steamship lines; and also review the rise of migration restrictions around the globe in the decades before 1914.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the German intellectual world was challenged by a growing distrust in the rational ideals of the enlightenment, and consequently by a belief in the existence of a radical 'cultural crisis'. One response to this crisis was the emergence of 'Life Philosophy', which celebrated the irrational, expressive, instinctive and spontaneous, while rejecting the rational, conscious, and logical. Around the same time and place, Zionist thought crystallized. It discussed issues like the 'Jewish essence', the creation of a new Jewish person and a new Jewish community, return to the Jewish homeland, and the negation of the diasporic way of life. This book explores the connections between Zionism and Life Philosophy, and argues that Life Philosophy represents a modern secularized version of gnostic dualism between God and world, and that this was a particular secular impulse that lay at the core of the Zionist political mission. Consisting of two main sections, the book first shows the manner in which Life Philosophy should be understood as a modern, secularized, gnostic theology, before concluding by discussing its political Zionist interpretation. Drawing on published works of a wide range of thinkers and intellectuals, alongside a variety of unpublished materials, this book will be welcomed by students and scholars of Jewish studies, the philosophy of Judaism, and religion and philosophy more generally.

German colonialism is a thriving field of study. From North America to Japan, within Germany, Austria and Switzerland, scholars are increasingly applying post-colonial questions and methods to the study of Germany and its culture. However, no introduction on this emerging field of study has combined political and cultural approaches, the study of literature and art, and the examination of both metropolitan and local discourses and memories. This book will fill that gap and offer a broad prelude, of interest to any scholar and student of German history and culture as well as of colonialism in general. It will be an indispensable tool for both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. . INTRODUCTION Between Amnesia and Denial. Colonialism and German National Identity Juergen Zimmerer and Michael PERRAUDIN (Sheffield) SECTION 1: Colonialism before the Empire Imperialism, Race and Genocide at the Paulskirche: Origins, Meanings, Trajectories Brian VICK (Sheffield); Time, Identity and Colonialism in German Travel Writing, 1848-1914: Gustav Nachtigal’s ‘Sahara und Sudan’ and Leo Frobenius’s ‘Und Afrika Sprach’ Tracey DAWE (Durham); Performing the Metropolitan ‘habitus’ in Africa. Some Notes on the Praxis of European Travellers in 19th-Century Eastern and Central Africa Michael PESEK (Berlin) SECTION 2: Local Histories, Local Memories Communal Memory Events and the Heritage of the Victims Reinhart KÖßLER (Bochum); Commemorating the Past--Building the Future: The Churches and the Centenary of the Genocide in Namibia Hanns LESSING (Dortmund); Narratives of a ‘Model Colony’: German Togoland in Written and Oral Histories Dennis LAUMANN (Memphis) SECTION 3: Heroic Discourses in the Imperial Centre Germany’s War in China: Media Coverage & Political Myth Yixu LU (Sydney); Genocide in German South-West Africa: an Overview of the Discussion it Generated Robin Krause (Clark University); Abuses of German Colonial History: the Character of Carl Peters as Weapon for Völkisch and National Socialist Discourses: Anglophobia, Anti-Semitism, Aryanism Constant KPAO SARE (Saarland) SECTION 4: Colonialism and German Literature Fraternity, Frenzy and Genocide. War Literature and the Colonial ‘Other’ Jörg LEHMANN (Berlin); Representing German Colonial Interventions in Poland Kristin KOPP (Missouri); A Spotlight on a Dark Chapter in German History: Criticism of German Colonialism in Uwe Timm’s novel ‘Morenga’ and its Reception by the West German Public Esther ALMSTADT (Bremen) SECTION 5: Colonialism and Popular Culture Exotic Education: Writing Empire for German Boys and Girls, 1884-1914 Jeffrey BOWERSOX (Toronto); Picturing Genocide in German Consumer Culture, 1904-1910 David CIARLO (MIT, Boston); ‘Greetings from Africa’--The Visual Representation of Blackness under German Imperialism Volker LANGBEHN (San Francisco) SECTION 6: Colonialism after the End of Empire ‘Loyal Askari’ and ‘Black Rapist’--Two Images in the German Discourse on National Identity and their Impact on the Lives of Black People in Germany, 1918-1945 Susanne LEWERENZ (Hamburg); ‘Denkmalsturz.’ The German Student Movement and German Colonialism Ingo CORNILS (Leeds); Reflections on the Idea of ‘Colonial Amnesia’ in post-1945 West Germany Monika ALBRECHT (Münster); The Persistence of (Colonial) Fantasies Wolfgang STRUCK (Erfurt) SECTION 7: The Transnational Dimension The Herero Genocide and Politics of Memory Dominik SCHALLER (Heidelberg); Vergangenheitsbewältigung à la française. (Post-)Colonial memories of the Herero Genocide and 17 October, 1961 Kathryn JONES (Swansea); Beyond Empire: German Women in Africa 1919-1933 Britta SCHILLING (Oxford) SECTION 8: Mainstreaming Colonialism Colonialism and the Simplification of Language: Germany’s ‘kolonial-deutsch’ Experiment Kenneth OROSZ (Maine); Aspects of German Identity in the African Colonies: the Role of the Local Press Elisabeth SCHMIDT (Paris); Torn between Two Lovers: the Intercultural Discipline ‘Germanistik’ in Postcolonial Sub-Saharan Africa? Arndt WITTE (Maynooth) Notes Bibliography Index Juergen Zimmerer is Professor of History at the University of Hamburg in Germany. His areas of research and publication include German Colonialism, Genocide Studies, the Holocaust and African and Global History. Michael Perraudin is Professor of German at the University of Sheffield, and has previously taught at Trinity College, Dublin, and the University of Birmingham. His research focus is on 19th-century German literature, especially that of the Biedermeier/Vormärz, and its social and political contexts. His books include Literature, the ‘Volk’ and the Revolution in Mid-19th-Century Germany (Oxford: Berghahn, 2000) and Formen der Wirklichkeitserfassung nach 1848. Deutsche Literatur und Kultur vom Nachmärz bis zur Gründerzeit in europäischer Perspektive (co-edited with Helmut Koopmann, Bielefeld: Aisthesis, 2003). He has also published numerous articles on 19th- and 20th-century literary authors. \"This volume offers a snapshot of the variety of activities, research areas, research interests, and approaches emerging in the field of postcolonial studies with regard to Germany and the German colonial legacy. The twenty-two articles are all remarkably short, concrete, and informative; several afford insights into larger research projects.\" – Florian Krobb, National University of Ireland, Maynooth \"This broadly based, clearly structured, and highly integrated essay collection constitutes an excellent overview of the central points of the growing scholarly discourse on Germany's colonial past. The volume provides a well-focused snapshot of contemporary German colonialism studies and could ideally serve both as a reader for college or university courses on these matters or an orientation guide for scholars new to the field.\" - Hans J. Rindisbacher, The European Legacy: Toward New Paradigms