Explore the vast range of titles available.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and patient satisfaction of lidocaine aerosol for pain management during periodontal scaling and root planning in patients with chronic periodontitis or dental plaque-induced gingivitis. This study specifically concentrated on comparing the effectiveness of lidocaine aerosol as a topical anesthetic against a placebo, assessing its impact on pain perception during the procedure. Additionally, the relationship between periodontal treatment and the reduction of oxidative stress markers in these patients was assessed. Eighty-six patients with chronic periodontitis or dental plaque-induced gingivitis were included. Notably, 5.6% lidocaine and placebo aerosols were randomly applied to the labial (buccal) and lingual (palatal) sides, approximately 3 mm from the gingival surface, with three sprays on each side, prior to supragingival ultrasonic scaling in these patients. In this controlled, double-blind study, the effectiveness of a 5.6% lidocaine aerosol in reducing pain during supragingival ultrasonic scaling was evaluated. The study involved 50 patients who divided into two groups: one receiving the lidocaine aerosol and the other a placebo. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The results revealed a statistically significant reduction in pain scores in the lidocaine group compared with the placebo group. Specifically, the mean VAS score in the lidocaine group was 2.1 ± 1.3, compared with 5.6 ± 1.7 in the placebo group ( P  < 0.01). Similarly, the NRS scores were significantly lower in the lidocaine group (2.3 ± 1.2) compared with the placebo group (5.9 ± 1.8, P  < 0.01). No adverse reactions were found in none of the groups. 5.6% lidocaine aerosol holds promise as an effective anesthetic option for reducing pain during supragingival ultrasonic scaling procedures in patients with chronic periodontitis or dental plaque-induced gingivitis. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2000029831, date: 2020-02-15).

We aimed to assess the effect of oral probiotic containing the Streptococcus salivarius M18 strain on gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing, and oral biofilm. Sixty-one consenting participants aged between 18 and 25 with gingivitis were recruited in this double-blind, parallel-group study and randomly divided into the probiotic group (n = 31) and the placebo group (n = 30). Fifty-seven participants completed the entire study protocol, 27 in the probiotic group and 30 in the placebo group. The outcomes were assessed after 4 weeks of intervention and 4 weeks of follow-up. There was a significant decrease in the Gingival Index, with the effect size of 0.58 [95%CI 0.05–1.10], and Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein Plaque Index, with the effect size of 0.55 [95%CI: 0.02–1.07], in the probiotic group after the intervention. However, after a 4-week follow-up, the only significant treatment outcome was improved gingival condition according to the Gingival Index. The Gingival Bleeding Index also decreased significantly in the probiotic group after the intervention period; after the follow-up, this parameter did not differ significantly in both groups from the baseline values. In the placebo group, there were no significant improvements in the assessed parameters throughout this study. No serious side effects were registered. Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that the use of oral probiotic containing the Streptococcus salivarius M18 strain resulted in a significant improvement in gingival condition and oral hygiene level in young adults with gingivitis. Trial registration NCT05727436. Funding: none.

Objectives: To determine the effects of a probiotic milk drink consumed over a period of 28 days, regarding the expression of clinical inflammatory parameters of the oral gingiva during various phases of plaque-induced gingivitis. Methods: Twenty-eight adults with healthy gingiva took part in a prospective and clinical-controlled study. The test group was advised to consume a probiotic milk drink (Yacult) daily during a period of 4 weeks; the control group did not receive any probiotic food or drink. After 2 weeks of consumption of the probiotic drink, participants were advised not to brush their teeth for 14 days. Subsequently, at baseline as well as on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14, the following clinical parameters were assessed: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and bleeding on probing (BOP). Results: At baseline, the PI was significantly higher in the test group compared with controls (0.44±0.50 vs 0.09±0.24 PI; P =0.0001). The termination of oral hygiene increased clinical inflammatory parameters in both groups. At day 14, the parameters PI, GI, GCF volume and BOP were significantly higher compared with baseline values ( P =0.0001). At day 14, BOP levels (18.75±12.32 vs 36.88±12.54%) and GCF volume (18.78±16.7 vs 35.72±16.1 Periotron units) were significantly lower in the test group compared with the control group ( P =0.005). Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that a daily consumption of a probiotic milk drink reduces the effects of plaque-induced gingival inflammation associated with a higher plaque score due to the high-carbohydrate content of the probiotic milk beverage.

Chronic inflammatory processes in the oral mucosa and periodontitis are common disorders caused by microflora and microbial biofilms. These factors activate both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis and have been proposed as biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up of these diseases. They can activate immune and stromal cells, leading to local inflammation and tissue damage. This damage can include destruction of the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone. Studies have reported increased local levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23, in patients with periodontitis. In experimental models of periodontitis, TNF and the IL-23/IL-17 axis play a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. Inactivation of these pro-inflammatory pathways through neutralizing antibodies, genetic engineering or IL-10 function has been demonstrated to reduce disease activity. This review discusses the role of cytokines in gingivitis and periodontitis, with particular emphasis on their role in mediating inflammation and tissue destruction. It also explores new therapeutic interventions that offer potential for research and clinical therapy in these chronic inflammatory diseases.

Background The aim of this parallel clinical trial is to investigate the effectiveness of propolis-containing chewing gum and mouthwash in reducing gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis referred to the Periodontology Department of Yazd Dental School in 2022. Methods For this purpose, a total of 20 patients were randomly assigned to either the mouthwash group or the chewing gum group. Plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), and gingival index (GI) were recorded before and after one week of using the assigned product, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP). Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, T-Test, Mann-Whitney, Paired Samples, and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. Results Both groups showed significant reduction in PI (p-value = 0.0001), PBI (p-value = 0.0001), and GI (p-value = 0.003 for chewing gum group and p-value = 0.006 for mouthwash group). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of PI (p-value = 0.686), PBI (p-value = 0.737), and GI (p-value = 1.000). Conclusion It can be concluded that both propolis-containing chewing gum and mouthwash can effectively reduce dental plaque, papillary bleeding, and gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis. No significant difference was observed between the two products in terms of effectiveness. Trial registration The study was registered at IRCT (IRCT20220420054592N1).It was retrospectively registered on 11/6/2022.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of various types of fixed prostheses on periodontal tissues and explore the association of gingival biotype and gum recession in relation to prosthesis types. The study participants (N = 95) were divided into three groups based on the type of dental prosthesis: Group-I: cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) ceramic prosthesis fabricated by the conventional method (n = 35); Group-II: consisted of patients with Co-Cr ceramic prostheses fabricated by a computer-aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique (n = 30); and Group-III: zirconia-based prostheses fabricated by the CAD/CAM technique (n = 30). Following the use of prostheses, periodontal examinations were performed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Modified Approximal Plaque Index (MAPI). In addition, the gingival biotype was examined using a probe transparency method. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 20 (IBM Company, Chicago, IL, USA), was used to analyze the results, and the significance level was set at p = 0.05. It showed the MAPI results after the use of prosthetic rehabilitation for 12 months of periodontitis in 87.9% ± 15.4 of patients in Group-I, in 80.6% ± 17.97 in those in Group-II, and in 62.5% ± 21.4 in those in Group-III (p < 0.01). The CPI index results indicated a high prevalence of periodontal disease in all groups. The number of people with healthy periodontium constituted 17.1% of patients in Group-I, 24.2% in Group-II, and 37.1% in Group-III. Our study concluded that prosthetic treatment with periodontal diseases showed better outcomes while using dental prostheses fabricated by the CAD/CAM technique compared to the conventionally fabricated dental prostheses. The thin gingival biotype is more often associated with gingival recession than the thick biotype.

Plaque-induced gingivitis can be alleviated by various treatment regimens. To probe the impacts of various anti-gingivitis treatments on plaque microflora, here a double blinded, randomized controlled trial of 91 adults with moderate gingivitis was designed with two anti-gingivitis regimens: the brush-alone treatment and the brush-plus-rinse treatment. In the later group, more reduction in both Plaque Index (TMQHI) and Gingival Index (mean MGI) at Day 3, Day 11 and Day 27 was evident, and more dramatic changes were found between baseline and other time points for both supragingival plaque microbiota structure and salivary metabonomic profiles. A comparison of plaque microbiota changes was also performed between these two treatments and a third dataset where 50 subjects received regimen of dental scaling. Only Actinobaculum , TM7 and Leptotrichia were consistently reduced by all the three treatments, whereas the different microbial signatures of the three treatments during gingivitis relieve indicate distinct mechanisms of action. Our study suggests that microbiota based signatures can serve as a valuable approach for understanding and potentially comparing the modes of action for clinical treatments and oral-care products in the future.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) still leads to high mortality rates, mainly due to cardiovascular disease. One important influencing factor is persisting low-grade chronic inflammation partly maintained by gingivitis that favors transient bacteremia during daily activities such as toothbrushing. Methods To examine whether intensive dental prophylaxis can restore oral health, reduce the prevalence of bacteremia and degree of systemic inflammation indicated by CRP levels, we conducted this pilot study examining 30 CKD patients aged 6–26 years, 15 receiving intensive prophylaxis (IP), 15 receiving treatment as usual (TAU) serving as control group. There were three appointments for examination, each 10 ± 1 weeks apart (at baseline, after intervention periods one and two, when TAU also received IP, and the IP group stopped prophylaxis). Results The gingival index (GI) in the IP group decreased by 90% (GI 0.09; p=0.001), resulting in almost healthy gingiva. There was no significant change in CRP or prevalence of bacteremia. General prevalence of bacteremia after toothbrushing was 9.5% affecting 7 (26%) of the participants. In three participants, bacteremia dissolved after IP, in one after TAU. Two patients developed bacteremia ≥ 10 weeks after ending IP. We identified eight different bacterial species. Conclusions We were able to show that IP can effectively treat gingivitis. It might be a promising approach to reduce systemic inflammation and subsequently lower premature cardiovascular disease, despite the lack of statistical significance. Future research requires a larger patient cohort to enable matched treatment groups with long-term follow-up and molecular detection methods for bacteremia. Graphical abstract A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information

Background and objectives: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a clinical term used to describe gingival conditions marked by erythema (unrelated to dental plaque), epithelial desquamation, and various intraoral lesions, with occasional extraoral involvement. It is typically linked to a range of underlying diseases. Materials and methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, searching with keywords like “oral dysplasia”, “oral mucosa lesions”, or “desquamative gingivitis”. In addition to the literature review, a case report of a patient with DG is included to illustrate the diagnostic challenges and treatment considerations in a clinical setting, and to design and test simplified diagnosis and treatment-planning algorithms. Results: Diagnosis can be supported by a standard punch biopsy to obtain tissue samples for histopathological evaluation. The complex clinical case presented illustrates the clinical features of DG and highlights the challenges associated with its diagnosis and management. The mainstay of treatment, as resulted from 96 studies included in our review, involves topical and systemic corticosteroids, with topical calcineurin inhibitors serving as adjunctive therapy. Conclusions: A universally accepted treatment protocol is still lacking for DG, so this report outlines an effective, experience-based therapeutic approach. Additionally, it offers a simplified framework for diagnosis, treatment planning, and therapeutic management, contributing to the growing knowledge base needed for a decision-support algorithm development.

To evaluate the adjunctive use of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) to conventional therapy on clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with generalized gingivitis. Sixty systemically healthy individuals with untreated generalized gingivitis were submitted to periodontal therapy and allocated to receive Placebo (n = 30) or Probiotic (n = 30) lozenges, twice a day for 8 weeks. Bleeding on Marginal Probing (BOMP) was evaluated at baseline, after 2 and 8 weeks. Supra and subgingival biofilm were obtained at baseline and 8 weeks post-therapy for analyses by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Differences between therapeutic groups were analyzed by non-parametric tests (p<0.05). The Placebo and Probiotic groups showed a significant reduction in BOMP at 8 weeks compared to baseline (p<0.05). The Probiotic group had a lower percentage of BOMP when compared with the Placebo group at 8 weeks (p<0.0001). Alpha and beta-diversity showed no statistical significance between groups and time points. At phylum level, no significant differences were observed between groups and time points. At genus level, an increase in the relative abundances of Bergeyella and Corynebacterium were significantly associated with a greater reduction in bleeding in the Placebo group and with less reduction in bleeding in the Probiotic group, respectively. At species level, Schaalia spp., Streptococcus gordonii, and Leptotrichia wadei increased in Placebo and decreased in the Probiotic group after treatment. Granulicatella adiacens decreased significantly after the probiotic therapy, while Saccharibacteria (TM7) spp., Solobacterium moorei, and Catonella morbi increased significantly. In the Placebo group, Bergeyella sp. HMT-322 was associated with a greater percentage of reduction in bleeding. In both groups, Actinomyces species were related to less reduction in bleeding. The adjuvant use of B. lactis HN019 alongside conventional therapy enhanced the reduction in BOMP and promoted greater changes in the microbiological profile of patients with generalized gingivitis. The study was registered at Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC; protocol number: RBR-59v2yb).