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This coming-of-age memoir, set during the Iranian Revolution, tells the true story of a young girl who moves to Tehran from the U.S. and has to adjust to living in a new country, learning a new language, and starting a new school during one of the most turbulent periods in Iran's history. When five-year-old Nioucha Homayoonfar moves from the U.S. to Iran in 1979, its open society means a life with dancing, women's rights, and other freedoms. But soon the revolution erupts and the rules of life in Iran change. Religion classes become mandatory. Nioucha has to cover her head and wear robes. Opinions at school are not welcome. Her cousin is captured and tortured after he is caught trying to leave the country. And yet, in the midst of so much change and challenge, Nioucha is still just a girl who wants to play with her friends, please her parents, listen to pop music, and, eventually, have a boyfriend. Will she ever get used to this new culture? Can she break the rules without consequences? Nioucha's story sheds light on the timely conversation about religious, political, and social freedom, publishing in time for the 40th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution.

\"Elementary schoolgirls in Tehran will be allowed to wear light-color 'manteaux' (the long outer garment), Iran's Ministry of Education said.\" (UPI) Learn why this new policy was instituted and how religious leaders have reacted to this news. Islamic rules regarding women's dress are discussed.

\"About a dozen girls' schools in the Iranian capital have allowed students and teachers to remove their veils and long cloaks in class for the first time since the 1979 revolution, a school principal said.\" (Daily Camera) Learn why some girls' schools in Tehran have allowed their students to remove their cloaks and veils. Reactions from administrators, students and parents are discussed.

This chapter contains sections titled: Stepping Outside the Frame From Secret Admirer to Infidel From the Shah to the Spice Girls The Taliban and Desperate Housewives Offended in Kansas as Well as Karachi The Age of Non‐Information

To investigate the cross-sectional association between dietary intakes of antioxidants and fibre and depressive symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls. A cross-sectional population-based study. Primary schools in two different cities located in northeastern Iran (Mashhad and Sabzevar). A total of 988 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years were included in the study. Subjects with no or minimal depression symptoms had significantly higher dietary intakes of α-carotene (P = 0·01), β-carotene (P = 0·006), lutein (P = 0·03) and vitamin C (P = 0·04) when compared with subjects with mild-to-severe depression symptoms. Soluble dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre intakes were also significantly higher in healthy adolescents compared with those with depression symptoms (P < 0·001). In multivariate-adjusted model 2, the OR (95 % CI) of depressive symptoms were 0·61 (95 % CI 0·37, 1·01), 0·42 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·69), 0·50 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·79), 0·71 (95 % CI 0·44, 1·15), 0·51 (95 % CI 0·32, 0·82) and 0·42 (95 % CI 0·25, 0·68) for the highest v. lowest quartile of vitamin C, β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, soluble dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre cereal intakes, respectively. Dietary intake of some antioxidants and dietary fibre intake was inversely associated with depression symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls.

Adolescent girls in Iran face significant challenges related to poor nutritional behaviors, such as inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, high intake of processed foods, and irregular meal patterns. These behaviors contribute to long-term health risks, including obesity and micronutrient deficiencies. 'The aim of this study is to develop an evidence-based, context-specific 'solution box' to improve the nutritional behaviors of female school students in Khuzestan province. A mixed-method study using a sequential exploratory design (Creswell model). This research will be conducted in three distinct stages. Stage 1: Qualitative Phase -Part A: A qualitative study using directed content analysis based on Social Cognitive Theory will be conducted. This phase will involve focus groups and interviews with female students, parents, and stakeholders to identify barriers to healthy eating and propose context-specific solutions. Part B: The perceived solutions will be extracted and categorized based on their relevance and feasibility. Stage 2: Quantitative Phase - Part A: Extracted solutions will be prioritized using the nominal group technique. Part B: Prioritized solutions will be ranked using a pairwise comparison scoring method. Stage 3: Solutions Optimization - Part A: A matrix of solutions will be developed based on theoretical frameworks. Part B: An action plan for implementing the solutions will be created. Part C: The solutions will be visualized on a digital platform for accessibility and usability. Not applicable for the protocol study.

Background The global prevalence of obesity is increasing not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. In addition to the role of genetic and biological factors, policies such as the need for quarantine during the coronavirus epidemic and the family’s behavioral and socioeconomic status in causing obesity cannot be ignored. The current research aimed to investigate the effect of virtual education programs on the health responsibility of overweight students during the outbreak of the Coronavirus. Methods This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a randomized control group, which was conducted in three stages)pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention) during 2021-22 in Tehran Province, Iran. The samples were 60 adolescent girls aged 12–18 with a body mass index higher than 25 and placed in two test and control groups through random cluster sampling. Data was collected using the demographic information profile and the 12-item health responsibility questionnaire from HPLPII. The intervention was implemented as 6 virtual training sessions of 1.5 h for the test group. After 1.5 months, BMI was measured and a post-test was done. SPSS version 22 software was used for data analysis. Results There was no significant change in the BMI of students after the intervention in the control group ( p  = 0.476), but it decreased significantly in the test group ( p  < 0.001). Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the average score of health responsibility in the test group (54.63 ± 6.93 ) and the control group (53.03 ± 6.79) ( P  = 0.370). After the intervention, the mean difference between the test group (62.56) and the control group (55.10) was statistically significant ( P  < 0.001). Before the intervention, about 70% of the students in both the test and control groups were at a relatively favorable health responsibility level. After the study, the number of students in the test group who were placed at a completely favorable level was almost twice as before, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups( P  = 0.035). Conclusions The results of the present study showed that virtual education during the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to an increase in the responsibility for the health of overweight and obese students (in terms of improving health behaviors, increasing the hours of physical activity, and modifying the eating pattern) and reducing the body mass index of students.

Objective and background Mental health is a widespread field that entails variables such as the presence of positive feelings like satisfaction with life and lack of negative emotions like depression, anxiety, and stress. This research aimed to study the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life as dimensions of adolescent girls’ mental health in Tehran. Methodology The population considered in this cross-sectional study consisted of adolescent girls in the last grade of high school in Tehran. Research samples were selected using multi-stage sampling. The sample size in this study was 491 and the research tools used were standardized questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics included Spearman, ANOVA, and regression tests were used. Findings More than half of the adolescents experienced common symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. About 30% of adolescents were dissatisfied with life to some extent. Satisfaction with life was negatively correlated with age, depression, anxiety, and stress. Age and depression were predictor variables of life satisfaction based on the regression model. Conclusion A considerable percentage of adolescents suffered some form of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and were notably dissatisfied with life. Regarding the importance of satisfaction with life in having a joyful life and its role in initiating depression, anxiety, and stress, our findings highlight the need for interventions to prevent depression, anxiety, and stress and enhance life satisfaction among adolescents.

Childhood obesity is an important predisposing factor for most non-communicable diseases. The aim of this review was to provide evidence on the prevalence and trends of childhood obesity and overweight in Iran. Multiple international and Iranian scientific databases were searched for relevant literatures. Two independent reviewers identified relevant papers in several steps. Separate meta-analyses (using fixed- or random-effect models) were performed to estimate the overall, age, sex, and age–sex specific prevalence of obesity and overweight. Stratified analysis based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, International Obesity Task Force, and World Health Organization definition criteria and study year also were performed. We included 107 studies in the meta-analysis (49 English and 58 Persian). Based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition criteria, the overall prevalence of obesity and overweight remained relatively constant in the 2000s and are estimated to be about 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4–5.8) and 10.8% (95% CI, 10.2–11.4), respectively. The meta-regression analysis showed that the prevalence of obesity and overweight did not vary significantly with respect to sex and age of study participants. Girls had a lower prevalence of obesity and higher prevalence of overweight than boys. This review, which is the first of its kind in the Middle East and North Africa, suggests that although the trend in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Iranian children is not considerably high, but the escalating trend of excess weight among young children is alarming and should be considered by providers of interventional preventive programs at national and regional levels.

Introduction Social well-being (SWB) is a critical aspect of health that is often overlooked in adolescents, yet it plays a vital role in their development. This study aims to examine SWB and identify the relevant factors in adolescent girls in Iran. Methodology This cross-sectional study utilized a four-stage cluster sampling method that involved 1,247 school-aged adolescent girls from different socioeconomic regions of Iran’s capital, Tehran. Data were collected from 20 schools—10 middle schools and 10 high schools—using a demographic questionnaire and Keyes’ SWB questionnaire. The school Socioeconomic Status (SSES) served as an indicator of socioeconomic status, encompassing the following categories: SSES1 (developed), SSES2 (relatively developed), SSES3 (moderately developed), SSES4 (less developed), and SSES5 (underdeveloped), which are based on provincial development clusters. The analysis was conducted using the t-test, ANOVA, linear regression, and multiple linear regression models in STATA version 16 and SPSS 24. Results Of the participants, 18.3% have a low mean score for SWB, 72.7% have a mean score, and only 8.9% have a high score. The backward multiple regression showed a relationship between the Grade Point Average (GPA) ( P  < 0.001) (β = 2.98), studying humanities discipline ( P  < 0.001) (β = 7.60), mother’s education to bachelor’s ( P  = 0.02) (β = 4.54), employed mothers ( P  = 0.01) (β = -4.04), daily exercise ( P  < 0.001) (β = 8.91), and having diseases ( P  = 0.02) (β = 5.51) with SWB scores. The highest score difference was observed between SSES1 and SSES5( P  = 0.002) (β = 6.57). Conclusions Analysis reveals that the relevant predictive factors of SWB in this study include physical factors (exercise and diseases), educational factors (GPA and field of study), familial factors (mother’s education and employment), and school Socioeconomic Status (SSES). Consequently, it is recommended that educational and healthcare centers consider these factors when compiling, prioritizing, and implementing health policies with the assistance of policymakers. This approach helps enhance mental and physical health in relation to this vital aspect. However, such a program requires further improvement through extended studies in other regions.