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This split-mouth blinded randomized controlled study compared the efficacy of a desensitizing agent with oxalate/resin polymer and a universal adhesive containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) relief, using Schiff sensitivity score (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Split quadrants containing teeth with DH were treated with either MS Coat ONE or Hi-Bond Universal with MBG as the functional additive. Assessments at baseline, immediately post-application, and at 1- and 2-week follow-ups used standardized stimulus protocols (air, cold, and acid). The SSS difference was the primary outcome, while the VAS difference was the secondary outcome. A mixed linear effect model performed statistical analysis. Immediate DH reduction occurred in response to air stimuli, with a significant decrease in Group HB than in Group MS ( p  = 0.0178). Cold stimulus reduction exhibited a gradual cumulative effect, with consistently greater reductions in Group HB than in Group MS ( p  ≤ 0.0377). Both groups effectively managed acidic stimuli, with no significant differences ( p  > 0.05). The VAS scores decreased gradually over the follow-up period ( p  < 0.0001). This study highlights the differential efficacy of treatments for various DH triggers and recommends specific approaches based on different stimulus types. The universal adhesive containing MBG demonstrated DH relief potential, promising efficacy identical to or superior to that of a dedicated desensitizing agent. Further research exploring the long-term efficacy and underlying mechanisms is warranted. The universal adhesive containing MBG can be adopted as an in-office desensitizing agent for DH relief. The desensitizing efficacy of universal adhesive matches or surpasses dedicated agents for air and cold stimuli.

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate the longevity of two fiber post cementation strategies in a prospective, multicenter, non-inferiority, double-blind randomized controlled trial.MethodsA total of 152 teeth, with adequate endodontic treatment and loss of coronal structure and bilateral simultaneous posterior occlusal contacts, were randomly allocated to receive glass fiber posts cemented with a conventional cementation strategy (CRC group: adhesive system + resin cement) (Adper Single Bond + RelyX ARC; 3 M-ESPE) or a self-adhesive cementation strategy (SRC group: self-adhesive resin cement; RelyX U100/U200; 3 M-ESPE). The patients were recalled annually for clinical and radiographical evaluation with a 93% recall rate (142 teeth, with 74 at CR groups and 68 at SRC group). The primary outcome was survival rate, considering the fiber post debonding (loss of retention). The secondary outcome included the success rate of the prosthetic treatment with crown debonding, post fracture, and tooth loss (not related to post failure). Both outcomes were evaluated annually. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression with 95% confidence interval were used for the statistical analysis.ResultsFor the primary outcome (failures directly related to fiber posts cementation strategy), there were 4 fiber post debondings (2 per group), 8 root fractures (3 for SRC group and 5 for CRC group), and one mixed failure (debonding combined with root fracture for CRC), with both strategies presenting similar survival rates (p = 0.331), with 88.9% for the CRC group and 90.9% for the SRC group. For the secondary outcome (failures not related to fiber post cementation strategies), there were 8 crown debondings, 3 post fractures, and 3 tooth losses, with no statistically difference between groups (p = 0.701), with 77% for SRC and 82% for CRC.ConclusionFiber post cementation strategies with conventional or self-adhesive resin cement presents similar tooth survival and success rates.Trial registrationNCT01461239Clinical relevanceBoth adhesive cementation strategies led to high survival and success rates and are indicated for fiber post cementation, even after a long follow-up period (up to 106 months).

Previous studies have demonstrated that skin vibration is an important factor affecting the roughness perception of fine textures. For coarse textures, the determining physical factor is much less clear and there are indications that this might be participant-dependent. In this paper, we focused on roughness perception of both coarse and fine textures of different materials (glass particle surfaces and sandpapers). We investigated the relationship between subjective roughness ratings and three physical parameters (skin vibration, friction coefficient, and particle size) within a group of 30 participants. Results of the glass particle surfaces showed both spatial information (particle size) and temporal information (skin vibration) had a high correlation with subjective roughness ratings. The former correlation was slightly but significantly higher than the latter. The results also indicated different weights of temporal information and spatial information for roughness ratings among participants. Roughness ratings of a different material (sandpaper versus glass particles) could be either larger, similar or smaller, indicating differences among individuals. The best way to describe our results is that in their perceptual evaluation of roughness, different individuals weight temporal information, spatial information, and other mechanical properties differently.

The aim of the study was to evaluate fluoride(F) release and re-release after recharging, and calcium(Ca) release from Fuji IX(Fuji) and Equia Forte HT(E) modified with 5wt% of experimental bioactive glasses BAG and BAG-F. F release was recorded over 91 days, and F re-release over 21 days in six groups (n = 12): (1) Fuji; (2) Fuji BAG; (3) Fuji BAG-F; (4) E; (5) E BAG; (6) E BAG-F. Ca release was recorded over a period of 21 days in samples stored in distilled water or lactic acid(LA) in eight groups (n = 10): (1) Fuji; (2) Fuji LA; (3) Fuji BAG-F; (4) Fuji BAG-F LA; (5) E; (6) E LA; (7) E BAG-F; (8) E BAG-F LA. F and Ca were recorded using ion selective electrodes. ANOVA and LSD test were performed at α = 0.05. F release was significantly higher in modified variants of Fuji and Equia (BAG-F > BAG > original) at all time points, before and after recharging ( p  < 0.001). Increased F release in modifications was more pronounced in E than in Fuji ( p  < 0.05). F release after recharging was lower but dropped more slowly in both materials and modifications. The differences in Ca release were significant regarding material and time intervals ( p  < 0.001). The highest Ca release was recorded in Fuji BAG-F LA, followed by Fuji BAG-F, Fuji LA, Fuji, E BAG-F LA, E BAG-F, E LA, and E.

An ideal preparation of 45S5 bioactive glass suspensions/slurries for root canal disinfection should combine high pH induction with capacity for continuing release of alkaline species. The hypothesis of this study was that more material per volume of bioactive glass slurry is obtained with a micrometric material (< 5 μm particle size) or a micrometric/ nanometric hybrid, rather than a solely nanometric counterpart. This should correlate with alkaline capacity and antimicrobial effectiveness. Slurries at the plastic limit were prepared with test and reference materials in physiological saline. Total mass and specific surface area of glass material per volume were determined. Continuous titration with hydrochloric acid was performed, and antimicrobial effectiveness was tested in extracted human premolars mono-infected with E. faecalis ATTC 29212 (N = 12 per material). While the nanometric slurry had a 12-fold higher specific surface area than the micrometric counterpart, the latter had a considerably higher alkaline capacity and disinfected significantly better (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.05). The hybrid slurry behaved similarly to the micrometric preparation.

Although the incorporation of bioactive glasses into glass ionomer cements (GICs) has led to promising results, using a bioactive glass as the only solid component of GICs has never been investigated. In this study, we developed an Al-free GIC with standard compressive strength using various combinations of 45S5 Bioglass® and its glass-ceramic as the solid component. The glass-ceramic particles with 74% crystallinity were used for this purpose as they can best act as both remineralizing and reinforcing agents. Strengthening mechanisms including crack deflection and crack-tip shielding were activated for the GICs containing 50–50 wt% bioglass and bioglass-ceramic as the optimum ratio. The progression of the GIC setting reaction at its early stages was also monitored and verified. We also discussed that our bimodal particle size distribution containing both micron- and nanosized particles may enhance the packing density and integrity of the structure of the cements after setting. In such GICs produced in this study, the toxic effects of Al are avoided while chemical bonds are expected to form between the cement and the surrounding hard tissue(s) through interfacial biomineralization and adhesion.

The ability of a restorative material to withstand fracture is of crucial importance especially in stress-bearing area. Therefore, the study aims to analyse the fracture toughness of a large number of dental restorative materials categories. The fracture toughness ( K IC ) of 69 restorative materials belonging to ten materials categories—micro-hybrid, nanofilled, microfilled, packable, ormocer-based, and flowable resin-based composites (RBC), compomers and flowable compomers, as well as glass ionomer cements (GIC) and resin-modified GIC was measured by means of the single-edge notched-beam method after storing the samples ( n  = 8) for 24 h in distilled water. Data were analyzed with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey’s test and partial eta-squared statistics ( p  < 0.05). Large variations between the tested materials within a material category were found. The lowest fracture toughness was reached in the GIC group, followed by the microfilled RBCs, resin-modified GIC, and flowable compomers, which do not differ significantly among each other as a material group. The ormocer-based, packable, and micro-hybrid RBCs performed statistically similar, reaching the highest fracture toughness values. Between the two categories of flowables—composites and compomers—no differences were measured. The correlation between K IC and filler volume (0.34) and respective filler weight (0.40) was low. K IC increased with the volume fraction of fillers until a critical value of 57%, following with a plateau, with constant values until ca. 65% volume fraction. Above this value, K IC decreased slightly. Due to the very large variability of the fracture toughness within a material type, the selection of a suitable restorative material should have not been done with respect to a specific material category, especially in stress-bearing areas, but by considering the individual measured material properties.

In this study, we evaluate the influence of post surface pre-treatments on the bond strength of four different cements to glass fiber posts. Eighty extracted human maxillary central incisors and canines were endodontically treated and standardized post spaces were prepared. Four post pre-treatments were tested： （i） no pre-treatment （NS, control）, （ii） sandblasting （SA）, （iii） silanization （SI） and （iv） sandblasting followed by silanization （SS）. Per pre-treatment, four dual-cure resin cements were used for luting posts： DMG LUXACORE Smartmix Dual, Multilink Automix, RelyX Unicem and Panavia F2.0. All the specimens were subjected to micro push-out test. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were performed （α=0.05） to analyze the data. Bond strength was significantly affected by the type of resin cement, and bond strengths of RelyX Unicem and Panavia F2.0 to the fiber posts were significantly higher than the other cement groups. Sandblasting significantly increased the bond strength of DMG group to the fiber posts.

There is growing appreciation of the role that the extracellular environment plays in regulating cell behavior. Mechanical, structural, and compositional cues, either alone or in concert, can drastically alter cell function. Biomaterials, and particularly hydrogels, have been developed and implemented to present defined subsets of these cues for investigating countless cellular processes as a means of understanding morphogenesis, aging, and disease. Although most scientists concede that standard cell culture materials (tissue culture plastic and glass) do a poor job of recapitulating native cellular milieus, there is currently a knowledge barrier for many researchers in regard to the application of hydrogels for cell culture. Here, we introduce hydrogels to those who may be unfamiliar with procedures to culture and study cells with these systems, with a particular focus on commercially available hydrogels.

Settings and Design: Department of Prosthodontics, KMSDCH, SVDU, Randomised Controlled study. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six teeth that satisfied selection criteria were randomly allocated and treated in the two intervention groups - metal fiber post with composite core and dentin post with composite core. Patient characteristics with respect to gender, tooth guidance, type of tooth, and mobility amount of tooth structure left were recorded. The primary outcome of tooth loss and the secondary outcomes of recurrent caries detected at the crown margin, de-cementation of crown, and fracture of the core, post, and root were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 month follow up. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi Square test. Results: Thirty-six teeth in 17 patients (10 males and 7 females) were treated using metal fiber post (18 teeth) and dentin post (18 teeth). No loss of tooth was seen at the end of 3, 6, and 12 months. The secondary outcomes also showed no recurrent caries at margin and no fracture of core, post, and root in both the groups at the end of 3, 6, and 12 months. One case of de-cementation was observed in both the groups at the 12-month period. Periodontal and periapical conditions showed no clinical and radiographic signs at any of the follow-up periods in both the groups. Conclusion: This twelve month randomized controlled clinical study concluded a similar success rate for endodontically treated teeth restored with crowns on both metal fiber post with composite core and dentin post with composite core.