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PrefaceChild hood is the topic of the ninth World Glaucoma Association Consensus. There has been only sparse attention to the diagnosis and treatment of childhood glaucoma. Both pediatric ophthalmologists and glaucoma specialists provide care for such children. In some instances, they manage these individuals alone and, in others, the management is shared. For this consensus, the participation of both groups was solicited. The global faculty, consisting of leading authorities on the clinical and scientific aspects of childhood glaucoma, met in Vancouver on July 16, 2013, just prior to the World Glaucoma Congress, to discuss the reports and refine the consensus statements.As with prior meetings, it was a daunting task to seek and obtain consensus on such a complicated and nuanced subject. It is unclear how each of us decides how we practice, and evidence to guide us often is sparse. It is remarkable how few high level studies have been conducted on the management of childhood glaucoma. Hence, this consensus, as with the others, is based not only on the published literature, but also on expert opinion. Although consensus does not replace and is not a surrogate for scientific investigation, it does provide considerable value, especially when the desired evidence is lacking.The goal of this consensus was to provide a foundation for diagnosing and treating childhood glaucoma and how it can be best done in clinical practice. Identification of those areas for which we have little evidence and, therefore, the need for additional research also was a high priority. We hope that this consensus report will serve as a benchmark of our understanding. However, this consensus report, as with each of the others, is intended to be just a beginning. It is expected that it will be revised and improved with the emergence of new evidence.Robert N. Weinreb, Chair.

Ethics of managing acute illness in the home Home management, using a hospital in the home team, is being shown to be an effective and safe management option when compared with the traditional inpatient management for a number of acute medical conditions. The lowest proportion to consider home care ethical (16%) was when the quality of home care was deemed less than hospital care. Mobile phones and medication errors on a paediatric intensive care unit Medication errors continue to be a major risk and source of patient harm in inpatient units.

Curbside Consultation in Glaucoma: 49 Clinical Questions has been updated into a Second Edition ! The Second Edition contains new questions and is completely updated! Curbside Consultation in Glaucoma, Second Edition contains new questions and brief, practical, evidence-based answers to the most frequently asked questions that are posed during a 'curbside consultation' between surgical colleagues. Dr. Steven J. Gedde and associate editors Dr. Dale K. Heuer, Dr. Richard A. Lewis, and Dr. Joseph Panarelli have assembled the top glaucoma consultants from the United States and abroad to offer expert advice, preferences, and opinions on tough clinical questions commonly associated with glaucoma in this updated reference. The unique Q&A format provides quick access to current information related to glaucoma in the simplicity of a conversation between two colleagues. Numerous images, diagrams, and references are included to enhance the text and illustrate surgical pearls. Some of the questions that are answered inside the Second Edition include: What imaging technology is best for diagnosing glaucoma? For detecting progression? What new methods are available to measure intraocular pressure? Are any devices available for continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure? Do anti-VEGF agents produce intraocular pressure elevation? How should I set a target intraocular pressure? How should I manage a patient who is progressing at low levels of intraocular pressure? Does cataract extraction produce significant and sustained intraocular pressure reduction? When should I perform a combined procedure versus cataract surgery alone? What are MIGS? When should I use them? Curbside Consultation in Glaucoma: 49 Clinical Questions, Second Edition provides information basic enough for residents while also incorporating expert pearls that even high-volume glaucoma specialists will appreciate. General practitioners, residents, fellows, and optometrists alike will benefit from the user-friendly, casual format and the expert advice contained within.

Eight mutations in the CYP1B1 gene were found among 11 patients (4.6%) out of 236 unrelated patients with POAG screened for mutations by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing, in contrast to just one subject among 197 controls.

The diagnosis can be confirmed only by observing slow resolution after stopping the intensely cationic amphophilic medication which accumulates by interaction with polar lipids, allowing it to be deposited as lysosomal inclusion bodies in the optic nerve.

The ultrasound examination of the eye with A and B scan has become one of the principal diagnostic methods for detecting ocular abnormalities in children because it is a non invasive technique and can be performed without resorting to general anesthesia. The authors report the most unusual and interesting cases from 1,226 examinations performed in the Department of Ophthalmology, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy, between January 1991 and December 1994.