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This article addresses the strategic role of an inpatriate marketing staffing approach in the development of a global marketing mind-set within global organizations. The premise lies in addressing the liability-of-foreignness concept, which, the authors suggest, impedes the inpatriate marketing manager's integration process, from the individual level of analysis.Drawing from reference point theory, the article highlights potential hardships manages face with an analysis of the managerial and contextual liability of foreignness that inpatriate marketing managers may perceive in their transition from home countries to headquarter locations. Implications of identifying and attending to such hardships are important in light of the significance attributed to these semipermanent to permanent assignments across different cultural contexts.

In this article, the authors introduce attitude toward global products (AGP) and attitude toward local products (ALP) as generalized attitudinal constructs and address the four issues these constructs raise: (1) How are AGP and ALP related to each other? (2) What is the motivational structure underlying AGP and ALP? (3) Is the proposed theory culturally circumscribed, or does it generalize across countries? and (4) What are the managerially relevant implications of these consumer attitudes? To answer these questions, the authors propose and empirically test an integrated structure for AGP and ALP and their antecedents, organized around the powerful motivational concept of values. They test their theory using a unique data set involving 13,000 respondents from 28 countries in the Americas, Asia, and Europe, thus allowing for a global investigation of a global issue. The study findings provide managers with strategic direction on how to market their products in a globalized world.

Due to increasing competition in the global market, companies need employees especially managers who are knowledgeable and skilful to compete in the world market. Proper selection of managers can ensure the accomplishment of company goals. This study aims to propose Fuzzy Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method in hiring new personnel for the middle level manager position in a company. The aim of the study is to assess the alternatives and criteria weights for selecting the middle level manager in a company by using Fuzzy TOPSIS method. A real-life data about the middle level manager selection problem in a company is implemented to demonstrate the application of Fuzzy TOPSIS method. There are three decision makers, three selected alternatives (A1, A2, A3) and twelve chosen criteria in the study. The best alternative is the alternative which is close to fuzzy positive ideal solution (FPIS) and far from fuzzy negative ideal solution (FNIS). Other than that, the sensitivity analysis is performed to validate the results of the study by shifting the weight of each criterion to zero to check whether there is any influence on the final ranking of the alternatives. The findings showed that the ranking order is A1 > A2 > A3. This shows that A1 is the most preferable candidate for the middle level manager position in the company.

The establishment of the Indonesian Battery Corporation is a step forward to make Indonesia a global player in the electric vehicle battery industry. This state-owned consortium is mandated to develop an integrated electric vehicle battery industry ecosystem from upstream to downstream. Indonesia has around six companies developing High-Pressure Acid Leach processing and refining projects. Battery production for Indonesian electric vehicles is estimated to contribute approximately 12.7% to the global market by 2035. A value-added analysis approach model is estimated to increase Gross Domestic Product by $21,434 billion. In addition, the impact on job creation is around 42,603 people. This estimation can be implemented with some supports, such as partners with proven technology and significant capital to build the precursor and cathode industries, battery cell and battery industries, and the electric vehicle industry and policies related to development.

[...]some estimates suggest that the global market for recycled CO2 products is unlikely to lock up more than a few per cent of the CO2 that humans release into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, which totalled 36 billion tonnes last year. (Producing ammonia emits extra CO2, and urea's carbon is quickly released after it is spread on a field, so there are no climate benefits.) The petroleum industry also injects CO2 underground to help recover oil,but usingthat oil cangenerate moregas than is stored. Twelve plans to offer CO2 conversion as a service to firms wanting to reduce their emissions; it could charge per tonne converted, and sell its end products to cover costs. Earger moleculescan be more troublesome to make this way-with more chemical bonds, there are more opportunities for electrons to be diverted into side products, reducing efficiency-but progress is being made.

Tea consumption is one of the most important needs of the people in Pakistan. Over the last 20 years, the number of tea exports to Pakistan has experienced an increasing trend. However, in contrast, the trade value of tea exports from Indonesia shows a declining trend. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the competitiveness of Indonesian tea in the Pakistani market compared to other exporting countries. The study used secondary data from the trade map in the form of tea export value data (Code HS: 0902) of four exporting countries to Pakistan in 2013-2022. The data were processed using revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and dynamic revealed comparative advantage (DRCA) analysis. The results show that Kenya and Vietnam have strong competitiveness in the Pakistan tea market, and Kenya dominates the Pakistan tea market. Indonesia and China have weak competitiveness in the Pakistan tea market, and in the two study periods, both countries were in a lost opportunity position.

Russia’s invasion has caused a short-term spike in prices, but could prompt a long-term shift towards sustainability. Russia’s invasion has caused a short-term spike in prices, but could prompt a long-term shift towards sustainability. Credit: Andrey Rudakov/Bloomberg via Getty Gazprom PJSC's Nord Stream 2 Slavyanskaya Compressor Station in Ust-Luga, Russia.

The global community is in a quest for nutritional and environment-friendly resources as a part of their food habit. The ubiquitous trend of veganism tied with the increasing apprehensions towards animal welfare, negative impact on human health and the environment has escalated the demand for meat alternatives mainly plant-based meat analogues (PBMA). Protein-rich bioresources such as cereals, vegetables, and algae have been explored to mimic animal meat in a similar flavour, texture, sensory and aromatic properties. This review aims to summarize the recent advancements in functional food technology based on vegetal proteins, a comparative account of traditional and commercially available meat alternates. The literature search for the last 10 years shows the rise in research on plant ingredients to develop novel human foods. A brief account of various production methods and their processing effects to improve the structural and techno-functionality of PBMA is suggested for designing sustainable food. The different combinations of plant and animal proteins are discussed to enhance the nutritional aspect, organoleptic profile and shelf-life of available food products. The positive feedback resulted in booming food industries across the world, incorporating vegetal proteins. The global market trend introducing well-established and promising food brands is listed to discuss the prospects of PBMA.

Due to the huge expand in global markets and financial transactions, the importance of E-commerce has grown significantly, so to achieve fully functioning, scalable, reliable, efficient, secure, and user-friendly E-commerce system, Adequate system analysis and design procedures are essential. On the other hand The internet vast growing has totally altered the way most companies work. The Internet has created a means for e-Commerce the internet has created a way to provide a unique avenue for companies and customers to sell and buy goods and services. When creating an e-commerce website, there are several goals that must be taken into account, one of them is how to Increase the site’s efficiency to ensure customer turnout and thus achieve the required material profits. There are several methods that are followed to increase the efficiency of the site. One of these methods is the recommender system. This paper produces a study overview of the value of recommended systems and thoroughly analyzed Collaborative Recommender System (CF) techniques with its techniques., which presents proposals to customers according to their interests, making it easier for the customer to search and thus choose the goods that suit him.

Background Despite the clear policy intent to contain it, the marketing of formula milk remains widespread, powerful and successful. This paper examines how it works. Methods The study comprised a mix of secondary analysis of business databases and qualitative interviews with marketing practitioners, some of whom had previously worked in formula marketing. Results The World Health Assembly Code aims to shield parents from unfair commercial pressures by stopping the inappropriate promotion of infant formula. In reality marketing remains widespread because some countries (e.g. the USA) have not adopted the Code, and elsewhere industry has developed follow-on and specialist milks with which they promote formula by proxy. The World Health Assembly has tried to close these loopholes by extending its Code to these products; but the marketing continues. The campaigns use emotional appeals to reach out to and build relationships with parents and especially mothers. Evocative brands give these approaches a human face. The advent of social media has made it easier to pose as the friend and supporter of parents; it is also providing companies with a rich stream of personal data with which they hone and target their campaigns. The formula industry is dominated by a small number of extremely powerful multinational corporations with the resources to buy the best global marketing expertise. Like all corporations they are governed by the fiduciary imperative which puts the pursuit of profits ahead of all other concerns. This mix of fiscal power, sophisticated marketing, and single-mindedness is causing great harm to public health. Conclusions Formula marketing is widespread and using powerful emotional techniques to sell parents a product that is vastly inferior to breast milk. There is an urgent need to update and strengthen regulation.