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Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a vital grain and oil crop, serving as a primary source of edible oil, plant-based protein, and livestock feed. Its production is crucial for ensuring global food security. However, soybean yields are severely impacted by various diseases, and the development of disease-resistant cultivars remains the most sustainable strategy for mitigating these losses. While stable genetic transformation is a common approach for studying gene function, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers a rapid and powerful alternative for functional genomics, enabling efficient screening of candidate genes. Nevertheless, the application of VIGS in soybean has been relatively limited. In this study, we established a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based VIGS system for soybean, utilizing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated infection. The TRV vector was delivered through cotyledon nodes, facilitating systemic spread and effective silencing of endogenous genes. Our results demonstrate that this TRV–VIGS system efficiently silences target genes in soybean, inducing significant phenotypic changes with a silencing efficiency ranging from 65% to 95%. Key genes, including phytoene desaturase (GmPDS), the rust resistance gene GmRpp6907, and the defense-related gene GmRPT4, were successfully silenced, confirming the system’s robustness. This work establishes a highly efficient TRV–VIGS platform for rapid gene function validation in soybean, providing a valuable tool for future genetic and disease resistance research.

Soybean has a palaeopolyploid genome with nearly 75% of the genes present in multiple copies. Although the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been employed in soybean to generate site-directed mutagenesis, a systematical assessment of mutation efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the multiple-copy genes is still urgently needed. Here, we successfully optimize one sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 system in soybean by testing the efficiency, pattern, specificity of the mutations at multiple loci of GmFAD2 and GmALS. The results showed that simultaneous site-directed mutagenesis of two homoeologous loci by one sgRNA, the mutation frequency in the T0 generation were 64.71% for GmPDS, 60.0% for GmFAD2 and 42.86% for GmALS, respectively. The chimeric and heterozygous mutations were dominant types. Moreover, association of phenotypes with mutation pattern at target loci of GmPDS11 and GmPDS18 could help us further demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can efficiently generate target specific mutations at multiple loci using one sgRNA in soybean, albeit with a relatively low transformation efficiency.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology that will provide the information’s to human by ubiquitous communication by sensing, through which people can safely evacuate during a building under threat. Even though these technologies are used real time environment it lacks in providing the quickest and shortest path to an exit for people based on the evacuation time. To aid the lacking this proposes provides optimized path control for pedestrian’s emigration by frequent updating of location. The proposed framework is designed with two algorithms (a) Markov decision process which is used to track the location of pedestrian and (b) geographic map-based path discovery approach which will find the shortest path of pedestrians. The main aim of this approach is used to collect the accurate information and avoid heavy congestion during the pedestrian discharge. These techniques are used for effective discharge of pedestrians during the natural disaster. The performance of proposed work provides the better result in terms of packet delivery rate and overhead.

Mutation detection methods based upon chemical or enzymatic cleavage of DNA offer excellent detection efficiencies coupled with high throughput and low unit cost. We describe the application of the novel technique of Glycosylase Mediated Polymorphism Detection (GMPD) to the detection of two of the most common mutations of the PAH gene in the Irish population that cause phenylketonuria (PKU), R408W and I65T, which occur at relative frequencies of 41.0% and 10.4% respectively. GMPD assays for R408W and I65T were developed permitting fluorescent detection of cleavage products on the ALFexpress™ automated DNA sequencer. The method was validated by screening a panel of PKU patients whose mutant genotypes had previously been characterised by standard methods. It also proved possible to perform multiplex detection of the two mutations by co‐electrophoresis of GMPD products. GMPD is a rapid and robust method for the detection of the R408W and I65T mutations, whose key advantage lies in its use of a pair of enzymes with high cleavage efficiency to detect a number of mutations as compared to the use of individual digestions with a range of specific restriction endonuclease enzymes. Hum Mutat 17:432, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.