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In recent years, social media has been accepted as a practice of e-government services across the world. Unlike static government websites, social media is an interactive communication platform that helps government organizations to improve their relationship with citizens through participation and engagement. However potential values of social media cannot be displayed without addressing citizen’s acceptance and their trust to participate in government social media services. Majority of previous studies on the relationship of trust between government and public are conducted on static government websites using general technological characteristics. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the relevant articles to explore multiple antecedents or factors of citizen’s trust with a major consideration in using social media as a technology platform for e-government services. A model is proposed that identifies individual characteristics, government factors, risk factors and social media characteristics as multiple antecedents of citizen’s trust in government social media services.

Government Web sites aim to provide information to the citizens of the country; therefore, they should be accessible, easy to use and visible via search engines. Based on this assumption, in this paper, the ministry Web sites of four countries namely the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Turkey were analyzed in terms of accessibility and quality in use. Tests were carried out utilizing online automated tools. Results indicate that the usage rate of Information and Communication Technologies by the government is higher in Turkey, which affects the visibility of government Web sites but not their quality in use. Very few ministry Web sites of the four countries achieved AA conformance level on accessibility, many failed to pass conformance level A and AA checkpoints for accessibility errors. In order to ensure equal access to all their citizens, the countries in this study need to put more emphasis on designing government Web sites to be more accessible.

\"The Struggle for Web Accessibility by Persons with Cognitive Disabilities Never before have the civil rights of people with disabilities aligned so well with developments in information and communication technology. The center of the technology revolution is the Internet's World Wide Web, which fosters unprecedented opportunities for engagement in democratic society. The Americans with Disabilities Act likewise is helping to ensure equal participation in society by people with disabilities. Globally, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities further affirms that persons with disabilities are entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of fundamental personal freedoms. This book is about the lived struggle for disability rights, with a focus on web eQuality for people with cognitive disabilities, such as those with intellectual disabilities, autism, and print-related disabilities. The principles derived from the right to the web - freedom of speech and individual dignity - are bound to lead towards full and meaningful involvement in society for persons with cognitive and other disabilities\"-- Provided by publisher.

The present study attempts to evaluate the accessibility of government and public agency healthcare Web sites in Korea through user testing. The study recruited blind (24 participants) and second-level sight-impaired people (1 participant), and evaluated ten healthcare Web sites of Korean government and public institutions. These Web sites revealed problems across four principles of accessibility, i.e., perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. First, according to principle 1, perceivable, the main errors occurred in providing adequate alternate texts and clear instructions. Second, five errors were predominant with regard to principle 2, operable. These are keyboard operation errors, focus order errors, bypass blocks errors, page title errors, and the lack of appropriate link text. Third, with respect to principle 3, understandable, most problems were found in user responses, content sequence, tables, and labels. Finally, based on principle 4, robust, problems regarded markup correctness and Web application accessibility. The problems identified in the study can be simply resolved; however, similar accessibility issues have recurred. Therefore, future research needs to investigate whether government and public agencies or their Web developers are aware of the importance of accessibility.

The advancement of technology has drastically changed the way information is being stored in the law library. With current technology, many have found that legal information is easy to retrieve from federal or state government websites in Malaysia. But while federal legislation can be accessed via the internet, some of the law cannot be accessed for the public to review or download. Also, older law is unavailable from the federal gazette website, and it is crucial for the lawyer or law librarian to publicly access it. This paper, by Qudri Ali Abu Bakar, discusses the restriction of access to legal information and looks at some alternative ways of gaining full access to federal and state law in Malaysia.

Ten years after the enactment of the Stanca Act in Italy, the paper presents a survey regarding the accessibility of municipal Web sites. This study aims at checking the application of WCAG 2.0 guidelines to Italian municipalities Web sites and to understand what are the problems that still need to be solved to obtain a universal access to public local content in Italy.

Archiwum Narodowe Holandii i archiwizacja rządowych stron internetowych Archiwum narodowe Holandii, jako stała agencja rządowa i archiwum rządu centralnego (ministerstw i ich agencji), ma prawny obowiązek zabezpieczania akt rządowych. Rola archiwum nie polega na aktywnym tworzeniu kolekcji zarchiwizowanych stron internetowych poprzez ich samodzielne wybieranie i gromadzenie. Różni się tym od innych narodowych archiwów, bibliotek i innych (między-)narodowych instytucji dziedzictwa zajmujących się archiwizacją stron internetowych. Archiwum w swoich działaniach skupia się na doradzaniu twórcom dokumentacji – ministerstwom i ich agencjom – w kwestiach tworzenia i przekazywania rejestrów rządowych w formie zarchiwizowanych, publicznych stron internetowych. Jednym z przykładów tego typu wsparcia było wydanie w 2018 r. dobrze przyjętych wytycznych dotyczących archiwizacji stron internetowych. Zostały one także wykorzystane jako część wymagań europejskiego przetargu publicznego w 2021 r., dotyczącego utworzenia centralnej platformy mającej pozyskać około 1500 publicznych stron internetowych rządu centralnego Holandii. W artykule zostaną również przedstawione nasze doświadczenia i spostrzeżenia dotyczące integracji procesów pozyskiwania, przechowywania, zarządzania, zabezpieczania i zapewnienia dostępu do zarchiwizowanych publicznych stron internetowych holenderskiego rządu centralnego z istniejącą infrastrukturą oraz zarządzaniem danymi w repozytorium cyfrowym Archiwum narodowego Holandii (w skrócie w-depot). The national Archives of the netherlands, as a permanent government agency and official archive for the central government (ministries and their agencies), has the legal duty, laid down in the Archiefwet, to secure the future of government records. Within this context, our role does not involve actively forming a collection of archived websites through selecting and harvesting these ourselves. This is a key difference between us and other national archives, national libraries and other (inter-)national heritage institutions. guidelines and a central platform for archiving government websites. Such a mandate requires an environment in which the processes, in relation to one another, can take place in a controlled manner. A significant part of making it happen was the effort we’ve put (and continue to do so) into advising the producers of records – ministries and their agencies – as to how they should create, and eventually transfer, archived public websites that are a specific form of government records. One example of the type of support we offer was a very well received set of guidelines on archiving websites that we issued in 2018. Those guidelines were also used as part of the requirements in a public European tender (2021). The objective of the tender: implementation of a central harvesting platform to harvest approximately 1500 public websites of the Central government. This article will also present our experiences and insights into integrating the processes of ingestion, storage, management and preservation of and providing access to archived public websites of the Dutch Central government into the existing infrastructure and workflows of our trusted digital repository (e-depot in short).

This study aims to examine the public values, usability, and readability attributes of national level e-government Websites in Turkey. The Website analysis included 112 sites in the E-Government Gateway. The Websites were evaluated on the basis of public values aspects of accessibility, public participation, trust and legitimacy (i.e., transparency/openness and security/privacy), dialogue, service delivery quality, and accountability. The research also aims to examine the usability of Turkey’s national Websites and assess their usability using online diagnostic methods. The pages are evaluated according to a selection of usability criteria: bounce rate, design optimization, download time, Google page rank, markup validation, mobile accountability, page size, response time, traffic rank (Turkey), and traffic rank (Global). Lastly, three most popular readability measures, Flesch–Kincaid Reading Ease, Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, and Gunning Fog Index have been used to assess readability of national level Turkish government Websites. Results reveal that the situation in Turkey is far from satisfying with regards to overall performance of e-government services. Additionally, the results of this study depicted that the usability and performance criteria are neglected in these Websites. Lastly, the study also revealed readability and security vulnerabilities in the Websites. The findings of the study have critical theoretical, practical, and policy implications.