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The politics of fossil fuel subsidies and their reform
\"Fossil fuel subsidies strain public budgets, and contribute to climate change and local air pollution. Despite widespread agreement among experts about the benefits of reforming fossil fuel subsidies, repeated international commitments to eliminate them, and valiant efforts by some countries to reform them, they continue to persist. This book helps explain this conundrum, by exploring the politics of fossil fuel subsidies and their reform. Bringing together scholars and practitioners, the book offers new case studies both from countries that have undertaken subsidy reform, and those that have yet to do so. It explores the roles of various intergovernmental and non-governmental institutions in promoting fossil fuel subsidy reform at the international level, as well as conceptual aspects of fossil fuel subsidies. This is essential reading for researchers and practitioners, and students of political science, international relations, law, public policy and environmental studies. This title is also available as Open Access\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Impact of Chinese Government Subsidies on Enterprise Innovation: Based on a Three-Dimensional Perspective
Government subsidies are an important means to guide enterprises’ investment in technological innovation. While countries are increasing government subsidies to enterprises, how to effectively leverage government subsidies is a concern of the academic community. At present, scholars’ research conclusions on the impact of government subsidies on enterprise technological innovation include promotion effect, extrusion effect, and mixing effect. Relevant research is often conducted from a single perspective. This paper studies the relationship between government subsidies and enterprise technological innovation, and integrates the macro-institutional environment, meso-market structure, and micro-corporate governance into the same framework. Taking information transmission, software, and information technology service companies as samples, it analyzes the influencing factors of the Chinese government research and development (R&D) subsidies on enterprises’ innovation investment. This paper uses Stata16 software to perform the least square analysis. The research shows that the Chinese government R&D subsidies have a significant incentive effect on corporate technology innovation investment. The higher the marketization process, the more dispersed its equity, and the government subsidy promotes corporate technology innovation investment. The more significant it is; for industries with different product market competition, government subsidies have no significant impact on enterprises’ investment in technological innovation. Based on empirical research conclusions, this study puts forward policy recommendations to increase the intensity of government subsidies and optimize the structure of corporate equity to increase the leverage effect of government subsidies.
Journal Article
Optimal Pricing and Greening Strategy in a Competitive Green Supply Chain: Impact of Government Subsidy and Tax Policy
With the expanding awareness of worldwide governments to ecological issues, the idea of protecting the environment has been initiated into the supply chain. The role of government in green supply chain management has become especially significant. This paper proposes a green supply chain model with a duopoly structure, in which two manufacturers separately produce green and non-green items sold through a common retailer. The government looks for social advantages and decides subsidies for the green item and taxes for non-green items. Using a centralized and decentralized model, two cases of government interference and no government interference are analyzed with customer green preference. This study focuses on exploring the pricing strategy, greening strategy and comparing the optimal decisions in all the cases to maximize the overall profitability of the supply chain. Numerical results and sensitivity analysis illustrate how the government subsidy on green products and tax policy in non-green products can influence the profitability of supply chain members. The research finding can give valuable experiences to channel members of the supply chain to settle optimum choices with and without government interference by enhancing the green and non-green item market competition. Among the competitive duopoly structure, the centralized model makes more profit and leads to manufactured eco-friendly items.
Journal Article
Fossil fuel subsidy reform : an international law response
\"This much-needed book provides an empirically-grounded, and theoretically informed account of international law sources, mechanisms, initiatives and institutions which address and affect the practice of subsidising fossil fuel consumption and production. Drawing on recent scholarship on emerging international governance mechanisms, 'informal' international law-making and regime interaction, it offers suggestions, and critiques suggestions of others, for how the international law framework could be employed more effectively and appropriately to respond to environmentally and fiscally harmful fossil fuel subsidies.\"
Book
Decision analysis of supply chains considering corporate social responsibility and government subsidy under different channel power structures
The development of the sustainable economy has gradually become a consensus, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the key to achieving the sustainable development. However due to the implementation of CSR will increase the cost burden of enterprises, some companies are even unwilling to fulfill CSR. At this time, the government often encourages companies to fulfill CSR through subsidies, and consumers are willing to pay a higher price for CSR products. Therefore, this article focuses on the supply chain decision-making analysis problem in the sustainable supply chain. Based on consumer preference for CSR products, considering CSR and government subsidies, some relevant models are constructed to analyze decisions under different power structures and different subsidy situations, then the article compares them and finally draws relevant conclusions. The study found that the higher the consumer's preference, the higher the product sales and CSR level. In addition, government subsidies to manufacturers or consumers have the same effect. Among the three power structures, the overall benefit of supply chain is the highest in VN (Vertical Nash) power structure, so the government should play a leading role and try to narrow any possible gap of channel power.
Journal Article
Impact of demand forecast information sharing on the decision of a green supply chain with government subsidy
This paper investigates a green supply chain (GSC) consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer who possesses private demand forecast information. To promote green consumption, the government may provide subsidies to consumers. Within a dynamic game where the manufacturer serves as the leader and the retailer acts as the follower, three cases are examined: centralized decision, decentralized decision with and without demand forecast information sharing between the retailer and the manufacturer. We mainly examine the value of information sharing on the decisions of a GSC in the context of government subsidies for consumers. We find that: (i) demand forecast information sharing benefits the manufacturer but damages the retailer; (ii) if the predicted value is higher than the determinate part of the demand, the manufacturer is willing to choose a higher green degree of products in the case with information sharing compared with that without information sharing; otherwise, the manufacturer is willing to choose a lower green degree of products; (iii) a two-part tariff contract is appropriate to coordinate the GSC and it is effective in increasing the green degree of products; (iv) information sharing benefits the GSC if the green production efficiency is high enough; (v) the ex-ante social welfare always increases with information accuracy. Finally, numerical analyses are conducted to verify the above findings.
Journal Article
Pricing Decisions and Financing Strategy Selection for a Capital-Constrained Green Supply Chain with Government Subsidy Pledge
Under the global carbon neutrality strategy, green transformation poses significant financial challenges for manufacturers, particularly due to delayed government subsidy disbursements. This study examines a two-echelon green supply chain where a capital-constrained manufacturer utilizes the Uncollected Financial Subsidy Receivable (UFSR) as collateral for financing. Assuming risk-neutral supply chain members, we develop a Stackelberg game-theoretic model to analyze four financing scenarios: no financing, pure subsidy pledge financing, and two hybrid strategies combining subsidy pledges with bank loans or trade credit. Our analysis reveals that the manufacturer’s optimal financing strategy depends critically on its initial capital level and financing costs, with pure subsidy financing being preferable under moderate funding gaps and lower pledge interest rates. The results demonstrate threshold effects where strategy dominance shifts. Furthermore, increasing the subsidy rate consistently enhances product greenness and consumer surplus, whereas its impact on government utility follows an inverted U-shape under certain conditions. These findings provide a theoretical basis for enterprises to optimize financing decisions and for policymakers to design efficient subsidy mechanisms.
Journal Article
Industrial Policy and Technological Innovation of New Energy Vehicle Industry in China
Promoting the development of new energy vehicles is one of the important measures to ensure energy security and deal with global warming. Technological innovation is an inexhaustible driving force for the development of the new energy vehicle industry. This study considered listed enterprises in China’s new energy vehicle industry as research samples and used the fixed effect model to study the impact of government subsidies on the quantity and quality of technological innovation in the new energy vehicle industry. The empirical results show that government subsidies have a significant positive impact on the quantity of technological innovation in the new energy vehicle industry; however, government subsidies have no significant impact on the quality of technological innovation. Government subsidies increase the quantity of technological innovation in the new energy vehicle industry by increasing R&D investment, mitigating financing constraints, and improving the external attention of enterprises. Compared to downstream enterprises in the industrial chain, government subsidies have a better incentive effect on the technological innovation of upstream enterprises, which increases the number of patents and enhances the quality of utility model patents. Government subsidies have a better effect on promoting the quantity of technological innovation in large enterprises.
Journal Article
Remanufacturing supply chain coordination under the stochastic remanufacturability rate and the random demand
As an effective mode for resource recovery, remanufacturing has been widely recognized in practice and academia. However, coordination is needed and multi-uncertainties exist in a remanufacturing supply chain (RSC). Under a retailer collection mode, this paper extends the existing studies on a revenue-sharing mechanism for a forward supply chain to examine how to coordinate a RSC between a remanufacturer and a retailer by developing a mathematical model. This model considers two types of uncertainties, they are, the stochastic remanufacturability rate from the supply side of used products and the random demand occurring in remarketing of remanufactured products. This study fills the research gap on RSC coordination under the multi-uncertainty environment. Moreover, it introduces an iterative algorithm (the Newton–Raphson Method) to deal with difficulty in solving the implicit function of the payment to consumers under the non-uniform demand distribution by finding the approximate value. The research results show that a revenue-sharing contract for a RSC with multi-uncertainties can increase profit for the whole RSC as well as the remanufacturer and the retailer by eliminating double marginalization. Besides, the government subsidy to the remanufacturer can motivate the retailer to collect more used products under a revenue-sharing case since the retailer can share benefits of the whole RSC. A case study of remanufactured truck engines demonstrates benefits of the proposed revenue-sharing mechanism and the profit increase for the whole RSC with the government subsidy.
Journal Article