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"Graphical Methods"
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Graph theoretic methods in multiagent networks
This accessible book provides an introduction to the analysis and design of dynamic multiagent networks. Such networks are of great interest in a wide range of areas in science and engineering, including: mobile sensor networks, distributed robotics such as formation flying and swarming, quantum networks, networked economics, biological synchronization, and social networks. Focusing on graph theoretic methods for the analysis and synthesis of dynamic multiagent networks, the book presents a powerful new formalism and set of tools for networked systems.
The book's three sections look at foundations, multiagent networks, and networks as systems. The authors give an overview of important ideas from graph theory, followed by a detailed account of the agreement protocol and its various extensions, including the behavior of the protocol over undirected, directed, switching, and random networks. They cover topics such as formation control, coverage, distributed estimation, social networks, and games over networks. And they explore intriguing aspects of viewing networks as systems, by making these networks amenable to control-theoretic analysis and automatic synthesis, by monitoring their dynamic evolution, and by examining higher-order interaction models in terms of simplicial complexes and their applications.
The book will interest graduate students working in systems and control, as well as in computer science and robotics. It will be a standard reference for researchers seeking a self-contained account of system-theoretic aspects of multiagent networks and their wide-ranging applications.
This book has been adopted as a textbook at the following universities:
University of Stuttgart, GermanyRoyal Institute of Technology, SwedenJohannes Kepler University, AustriaGeorgia Tech, USAUniversity of Washington, USAOhio University, USA
eBook
A study on the effects of dispersion coefficient on groundwater pollutant transport simulation
A comprehensive scientific analysis of temporal and spatial fluctuations of pollutants during the migration of groundwater is essential for precisely predicting their dispersion patterns and promoting rational regional development planning. In this research paper, a field radial dispersion test was conducted in decentralized drinking water sources downstream of the Fu Tuan River basin in Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China (FRSC). Chloride ion (Cl
−
) solution was utilized as a tracer for the experiment. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient (
a
L
) was determined by standard curve matching and using straight-line graphical methods. Additionally, the impact of
a
L
on pollutant transport was investigated by creating the MT3DMS solute transport model with the help of GMS 10.4 software. The results indicate that the
a
L
of the submerged aquifer varies depending on the distance from the source well in the main runoff direction. At distances of 10 and 15 m, the values of
a
L
were observed to be 0.56 m and 0.88 m, respectively. Moreover, when these observed values of
a
L
are used as simulation parameters in solute transport modeling on the same space–time scale, the hydrodynamic dispersion effect exhibited by the well is found to be weaker than the actual hydrodynamic dispersion effect.
Journal Article
Binary decision diagrams and extensions for system reliability analysis
Recent advances in science and technology have made modern computing and engineering systems more powerful and sophisticated than ever. The increasing complexity and scale imply that system reliability problems not only continue to be a challenge but also require more efficient models and solutions. This is the first book systematically covering the state-of-the-art binary decision diagrams and their extended models, which can provide efficient and exact solutions to reliability analysis of large and complex systems. The book provides both basic concepts and detailed algorithms for modelling and evaluating reliability of a wide range of complex systems, such as multi-state systems, phased-mission systems, fault-tolerant systems with imperfect fault coverage, systems with common-cause failures, systems with disjoint failures, and systems with functional dependent failures. These types of systems abound in safety-critical or mission-critical applications such as aerospace, circuits, power systems, medical systems, telecommunication systems, transmission systems, traffic light systems, data storage systems, and etc.
The book provides both small-scale illustrative examples and large-scale benchmark examples to demonstrate broad applications and advantages of different decision diagrams based methods for complex system reliability analysis. Other measures including component importance and failure frequency are also covered. A rich set of references is cited in the book, providing helpful resources for readers to pursue further research and study of the topics. The target audience of the book is reliability and safety engineers or researchers.
The book can serve as a textbook on system reliability analysis. It can also serve as a tutorial and reference book on decision diagrams, multi-state systems, phased-mission systems, and imperfect fault coverage models.
eBook
Hydrochemical characteristics and evolution processes of karst groundwater in Carboniferous Taiyuan formation in the Pingdingshan coalfield
Coal mining may affect the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution processes of groundwater, leading to a deterioration in groundwater quality. This study was conducted to understand the hydrochemical characteristics and determine the hydrochemical processes controlling the karst groundwater hydrogeochemistry in Carboniferous Taiyuan formation in the Pingdingshan coalfield, Henan Province, China. Statistical techniques and conventional methods were utilized to gain a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeochemical processes of karst groundwater. Results showed that the groundwater was fresh water, and was slightly acidic-to-slightly alkaline. The main cations were Ca2+ and Na+, and the predominant anions were HCO3− and SO42−. Most of the groundwater was predominantly of the Ca–HCO3 type. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), ion correlation analysis, and conventional graphic methods (Piper and Gibbs diagrams) indicated that the dissolution of silicate, gypsum, and carbonate minerals controlled the formation of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42−, and HCO3−. Meanwhile, cation exchange was another important process regulating karst groundwater quality. Moreover, the concentrations of SO42− and NO3− were high, suggesting that the karst groundwater in this study area had been affected by anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture and mining. To avoid water inrush and keep mines east of the study area safely operational, the Guodishan faults within the mining area should be grouted to cut off the connection between limestone aquifers in the east and west study areas. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the scientific research on fertilizers that allow plants to absorb nitrogen rapidly and control the amount of fertilizer used to protect the groundwater from pollution. The results of this study are helpful for the prevention and control of water disasters, and are beneficial for groundwater resource protection in the Pingdingshan mining areas. They will also provide a reference for similar studies by other mining hydrogeologists across the world.
Journal Article
A Novel Method for Estimating Time of Concentration in Ungauged Catchments
Time of Concentration (TC) is a widely utilized time variable in hydrological studies. Various approaches exist to estimate TC, including direct measurements, empirical relations, and graphical method (GM). The GM is commonly regarded as a standard by researchers. Nevertheless, this approach faces obstacles due to the scarcity of records in many watersheds.. This research explores a novel technique for TC estimation, focusing on the examination and recommendation of two-dimensional (2D) hydraulic modeling. The proposed method leverages available satellite data to obtain the necessary input for the 2D simulation. Additionally, several empirical relations were evaluated for TC determination. The GM served as reference point for evaluating the results obtained from empirical relations and hydraulic modeling. To accomplish this, analysis was conducted on four distinct watersheds in Iran, comprising a total of 28 recorded rainfall-runoff data.. In numerical modeling, TC was defined as the duration required for a water parcel to traverse from the headwater to the outlet of a basin. In all studied watersheds, the maximum relative error between the benchmark (GM) and the 2-D modeling was limited to less than 10%. This observation establishes the reliability of hydraulic modeling as a viable method for TC calculation, particularly in ungauged watersheds where the GM cannot be employed.
Journal Article
Baseflow separation using graphic method of recursive digital filter on Wae Batu Gajah Watershed, Ambon City, Maluku
The most commonly used baseflow separation graphics method is the recursive digital filter. Choosing an RDF graphic filter method to estimate the base stream requires a sure accuracy. The application of the RDF graphics method on small island watersheds must take into account the unique hydrological conditions of small island watersheds with a small area of rain catch so that the RDF method approach can be applied. This research aims to analyze graphic methods for the hydrological characteristics of the small island watershed of the Ambon City of Maluku Province. The research method uses five RDF methods: one parameter algorithm, two-parameter algorithm, RDF Lyne & Holick, RDF Chapman, and RDF Eckhard. The results showed that the appropriate filter parameter value for small island watersheds was based on optimal parameters for assessing accuracy. The five RDFs showed that Eckhardt’s filters performed better than one parameter algorithm, two parameters algorithm, Lyne and Hollick algorithm, and Champman algorithm, on a more extensive range of conditions. The optimal value of the filter parameters is relatively uniform for all five filter methods depending on the characteristics of the watershed and somewhat similar hydrological inputs.
Journal Article
A graphical solution for undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in strain-hardening frictional soil
This paper attempts to expand the graphical analysis concept proposed by Chen and Abousleiman (Géotechnique, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.21.00172) to deduce the undrained expansion solution of a cylindrical cavity in shear strain-hardening Drucker–Prager frictional soil. Based on the geometrical representation of the stress state/path and strain increments in the deviatoric planes, it is shown that the deviatoric stress-Lode angle stress path can be desirably determined by solving a first-order differential equation for the stress ratio (deviatoric stress over mean effective stress) in term of the Lode angle. The essential cavity expansion curve may also be readily constructed by calculating the internal cavity pressure and the corresponding expanded cavity radius, respectively, through simple numerical integrations with respect to the same variable of stress ratio. In particular, the ultimate cavity pressure can be easily evaluated by directly integrating the expression for cavity pressure with the stress ratio up to its limiting value. Some numerical results obtained from the proposed graphical method are presented to illustrate the impacts on the cavity responses of the earth pressure coefficient at rest, K0, and the key plasticity hardening parameters, which have also been compared with alternative solutions that require dealing with a system of coupled differential equations involving three principal effective stress components.
Journal Article
Innovative and polygonal trend analyses applications for rainfall data in Vietnam
It is a known fact that the size, frequency, and spatial variability of hydrometeorological variables will irregularly increase under the impact of climate change. Among the hydrometeorological variables, rainfall is one of the most important. Trend analysis is one of the most effective methods of observing the effects of climate change on rainfall. Recently, new graphical methods have been proposed as an alternative to classical trend analysis methods. Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA), which evolved from Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA), is currently one of the proposed methods and it does not contain any assumptions. The aim of this study is to compare IPTA, ITA with the Significance Test and Mann-Kendall (MK) methods. To achieve this, the monthly total rainfall trends of 15 stations in the Vu Gia-Thu Bon River Basin (VGTBRB) of Vietnam have been examined for the period 1979–2016. The analyses show that rainfall tends to increase (decrease) in March (June) at nearly all stations. IPTA and ITA with the Significance Test are more sensitive than MK in determining the trends. While trends were detected in approximately 90% of all months in IPTA and ITA with the Significance Test, this rate was only 23% in the MK test. Although the arithmetic mean graphs in the 1-year hydrometeorological cycle are considerably regular at almost all stations, their standard deviations are relatively irregular. The most critical month for trend transitions between consecutive months for all the stations is October, which has an average trend slope of −1.35 and a trend slope ranging from −3.98 to −0.21, which shows a decreasing trend.
Journal Article
Bayesian estimation versus maximum likelihood estimation in the Weibull-power law process
The Bayesian approach is applied to estimation of the Weibull-power law process (WPLP) parameters as an alternative to the maximum likelihood (ML) method in the case when the number of events is small. For the process model considered we propose to apply the independent Jeffreys prior distribution and we argue that this is a useful choice. Comparisons were also made between the accuracy of the estimators obtained and those obtained by using other priors—informative and weakly informative. The investigations show that the Bayesian approach in many cases of a fairly broad collection of WPLP models can lead to the Bayes estimators that are more accurate than the corresponding ML ones, when the number of events is small. The problem of fitting the WPLP models, based on ML and Bayes estimators, to some real data is also considered. It is shown that the TTT-concept, used in the reliability theory, is not fully useful for the WPLP models, and it may be so for some other trend-renewal processes. In order to assess the accuracy of the fitting to the real data considered, two other graphical methods are introduced.
Journal Article