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\"Sozomena\" means \"saved\" in Greek. The series is dedicated to the recovery and presentation of texts that have only survived from Greek or Roman antiquity thanks to extraordinary find circumstances. It is primarily concerned with papyri, thousands of which await deciphering in universities and libraries. The primary intention of the series is to edit and interpret texts, but methods of recovery and presentation will also be discussed, so that different types of books will be published: editions of texts, commentaries, monographs and collections. The main language is English, together with German and Italian.

\"The purpose of this book is to contribute to the appreciation of the linguistic, literary and contextual value of Homeric personal names. It considers both epics and is structured around the character and action of selected heroes in their Homeric contexts. It offers a survey of modern etymologies, set against ancient views, in order to shed light on the parameters surrounding the use of names in Homer and on their reception by ancient audiences.\" -- Provided by publisher

Nouns like Greek pais (\"child\") or English \"boy\" have historically been applied to enslaved persons as a form of derogation: an intentional infantilization of an adult slave. This paper examines the similar Demotic Egyptian noun hl, which was used to refer both to a stage of biological development (i.e., a \"boy\" or a \"girl\") in addition to enslaved persons who may or may not have been adults. Demotic / may in addition have been connected etymologically to a geographic region (Syria), an etymological connection reminiscent of the relationship between modern English \"slave\" and the ethnonym \"Slav.\" In order to assess the manifestation of infantilization of enslaved adults in Demotic Egyptian, this analysis explores the use of hlas an infantilizing derogation, including extended uses (eg., the compound with h \"small\") and the connection to the ethnonym \"Syrian,\" as well as the application of significant personal names (eg, hw, \"young boy\") to enslaved persons. Following the investigation of slaves as children, this discussion turns to children as slaves in contemporary evidence, with an eye to how the two practices the infantilization of enslaved adults and enslavement of children may have worked in tandem.

Greek κρατύς and cognates (κράτος, κρατερός, etc.) are related to Vedic krátu- ‘resolve’ and Avestan xratu- ‘[guiding] intellect’. The cumulative phraseological evidence supports this etymological proposal: in at least ten cases, Greek personal names and phrasemes exhibiting a cognate of κρατύς (that is, κράτος and compounds with first member κρατ[α]ι-) combine with terms whose Indo-Iranian linguistic cognates are joined with Vedic krátu- and Avestan xratu-. Furthermore, Indo-Iranian expressions, in which Vedic krátu- and its compounds are referred to a god as attributes, are structurally comparable to Greek κρατὺς Ἀργεϊφόντης. Since Ἀργεϊφόντης is likely to reflect ‘shining (cf. Greek φαίνω) with whiteness/brightness (ἀργει-)’, it is possible to identify Vedic phraseological matches for the Greek formula, namely expressions in which Vedic krátu- and its derivative krátumant- combine with the notion of ‘shining widely’, Vedic ví-bhā (Vedic bhā being a linguistic congener of φαίνω). The phraseological correspondence between Vedic krátu- … agní- ‘Agni, [endowed with] resolve’, and κρατὺς Ἀργεϊφόντης ‘Argeiphontes, endowed with superior might (κράτος)’ may be added to the dossier of common phraseology which the Greek god shares with the Old Indic fire-deity.

The article discusses the six mandrake names transmitted in Dioscorides’ de materia medica (θριδακίας, ἀντίμιμος, κιρκαία / διρκαία, μώριον, βομβόχυλον, μανδραγόρας), as well as the fifteen synonyms in the alphabetic manuscripts of Dioscorides. The emphasis is lexical (etymology, shorthand ways of speaking, loanwords), but it inevitably deals with other questions, such as the prayers of the plant gatherers, and proposes new readings for the corrupted names (ΑΡΧΗΝΗ, ΒΙΑΔΕΟΣ, ΓΟΝΟΓΕΩΝΑΣ, ΞΕΡΑΝΘΗ). A final appendix explains a curious Modern Greek name of the plant (ματούσιω).

The author of Luke-Acts embraces the time-honored literary tradition, both Hebrew and Greek, of attaching thematic significance to the etymologies of proper names. The fact that these are sometimes false etymologies based on a homophone in a different language – e. g., the festival name Pascha = “suffering,” the place name Gaza = “treasure,” the personal name Jesus = “healer” – is in accord with the methods of this etymological practice. Luke’s false etymological association of the Hebrew name Jesus (Yeshua/Joshua – transliterated into Greek as Ἰησοῦς) with the Greek words for “healing” (ἴασις) and “to heal” (infinitive ἰῆσθαι), as bizarre as it may strike the modern philologist, serves as an implicit leitmotif that runs through the entirety of Luke-Acts (Luke 9,42; 14,3–4; 22,51; Acts 4,30; 9,34; 17,18).

This paper, which transfers the terms Germanus - Romanus from Western to Southeastern Europe, with a particular focus on Romania and Hungary, proposes an etymological analysis of the Hungarian ethnonyms német and oláh and the Slavic ethnonym vlah while documenting their emergence in surnames from Romania and Germany. The Germans call themselves Deutsche and their language deutsch, from the Germanic ·theudiska, Middle Latin theodiscus, diutiscus (meaning 'pertaining to one's own people'), Old German diutisk, and Middle German diut(i)sch, tiutsch. Other peoples gave them names that referred to their tribes (e.g., French allemands, Finnish saxa, Serbian bavaraci) or their behaviour (e.g., Slavic nemcy, which initially meant 'foreigner, speaker of another language, one who does not speak Slavic, dumb' and later also acquired the meaning of 'German'). In order to differentiate themselves from the Romanic peoples and their languages, the Germans started using the word welsch (Old German wal(a)hisc, 11th century) to refer to anything 'Romanic'; later on, during the 14th century, the term acquired the figurative meaning of 'foreign, incomprehensible'. The Old German noun wal(a)h(a) (meaning 'Roman'), Middle German walch, walhe, comes from the name of the Celtic tribe Volcae, which lived in the vicinity of the Germanic peoples (Latin Volcae, Germanic ·Walhos). In Eastern Europe, the ethnic Germans colonized during the 12th century were called němici (Russian nemetz, Bulgarian němec, Albanian nemets) by the Slavic population, the word bearing the same meaning as in Western Europe, i.e., 'foreigner, incomprehensible, barbarian, dumb', and later 'German'. The Romanians were named with the Slavic term vlah(u), Hungarian oláh, Transylvanian Saxon dialect Bloch, meaning 'pertaining to the Romanic peoples and Romance languages', which in turn is a loanword from the Germanic languages - see Old German terms wal(ah)isc (Romanic) and walhos (Roman) that reached the Slavic peoples of the Balkans through the language of the Goths. A close examination of the surnames Nemet(h), Olah, and Vlah listed in the Romanian Telephone Directories from 2009-2010 confirms their geographical spread throughout the Romanian-Hungarian border regions, as well as in Transylvania, Maramureş, Crişana, Banat, and Bucharest. The final part of the paper analyzes the corpus of the names Nemeth, Olah, and Vlah and their variants, as listed in the onomastic database of the German Surname Atlas. With the help of a special electronic program, we managed to map the names and thus obtain the geography of each of the types of names mentioned above. The map reveals that all three types of surnames are concentrated in the same regions of Germany, namely in its southern, south-western and western territories, in the heavily industrialized areas of Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Düsseldorf-Dortmund-Duisburg, Nuremberg, and Munich. To conclude, it can be stated that surnames represent a linguistic treasure that preserves states of the languages from the Middle Ages. They can also provide important information on the migration of peoples. The contrasting pair of terms Germanus versus Romanus from Western Europe, mirrored in the pairs of surnames Niemietz, Nimsch, Nemetz versus Welsch, Welscher, Wallisch has a corresponding pair of Hungarian, Romanian, Slavic and Greek names in Eastern and Southeastern Europe: Nemeth versus Olah and Vlach.