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The aim of the study is to present the concept of green economy and other notions and concepts related to it and to assess their significance for the formation of development policy and practical solution of problems of socio-economic development. In the part focusing on information and definitions, the premises for the emergence of the issue of the greening of economic processes as a new phenomenon of contemporary development have been presented, as well as various definitions of green economy, green growth, the principles of implementing green economy, and the implementation of green transformation processes. In the further part of the study, measures and indicators of green economy and green growth are presented, as well as the connection of these concepts with the idea and objectives of sustainable development. The review of green economy and green growth indicators includes indicators prepared by specialised agencies of the United Nations, UNEP, UNCTAD, UN ESCAP, UN FGG, OECD, the European Union, and the World Bank. Selected indicators of individual authors and countries have also been presented. The last part of the study presents the concept of the New European Green Deal and its link to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted for the current decade. In conclusion, an attempt has been made to present both the expectations and opportunities of emphasising the issue of the greening of the economy, as well as the weaknesses and threats resulting from the excessive confidence in this concept.

As a pillar of United Nations, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pursues to greener its economy and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda. The green economy represents a catalyzer for sustainable development in its three dimensions -economic, social and environmental- aiming to improve human well-being and social equity and reduce environmental risks. However, the relevant previous studies lacked the role of green economy on sustainable development for the Saudi Arabia. For this purpose, this paper aims to explore how green is the kingdom and analyze its performance toward sustainable development from 2015 to 2020. To do so, we adopt the EEPSE Green Economy Index that combines educational, economic, political, societal and environmental indicators associated with the pillars of the Quintuple Helix Innovation Model. In this study, this index is composed of 42 indicators related to the green economy and the sustainable development. The empirical results suggest that the Saudi Arabia witnessed a significant progress of EEPSE GEI score. In addition, the findings support that the performance of the kingdom regarding the green economy is affected after the COVID-19 crisis. Thus, the paper provides original visions for policy makers to encourage the transition to green economy which constitutes the main locomotive to attain the economic, social and environment sustainability for the kingdom.

This article aims to assess and forecast the dynamics of a regional green economy. The research relevance is determined by the need to develop theoretical and methodological basis of the green economy for the transition period and to identify criteria basis for assessing the state and regional level of it. The authors applied the modern methods, which allowed to model criteria considering data uncertainty and both static and dynamic criteria. The research process involved the methods of scientific analysis, comparison and synthesis, the theory of fuzzy sets, and fuzzy modeling. The main principles and methodology of the criteria evaluation for a regional green economy are proposed. The principal methodological approach in this research combines the current state and dynamics of the green economy in evaluating and forecasting the conditions of data uncertainty. The research results form a theoretical, methodological, and practical basis for assessing the current state and level of a regional green economy development, determining the effectiveness of environmental and economic programs, optimizing financial management, conducting environmental monitoring, and developing state plans.

Global economic trends have shown the progression of social inequalities and environmental deterioration in the grey economy. New economic practices and policies need to be developed in order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). A green economy (GE) has a correlative role with the implementation of sustainable development (SD), which could revive the grey economy, human well-being, and social equity, as well as substantially decrease environmental risks and ecological scarcities. This study aims to develop a hybrid methodological and mathematical approach to prioritize the most effective variables from classified GE and SDGs criteria (23 criteria) to implement SD. This study has deliberated over the Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique for considering interconnections among numerous criteria to collect the most effective variables (12 criteria) based on three pillars (3Ps) of SD. Likewise, the analytic network process (ANP) technique ranked these effective variables by considering their network relations based on three indicators. Lastly, integration was used to finalize and prioritize the most effective variables based on their weight from the ANP technique. This study will highlight the green economy with exclusive environmental issues and sustainable growth as the greatest effective variables among GE and SDGs criteria for SD implementation.

Development is the eternal theme of the times. However, the transformation of the development mode is imminent, and we should abandon the extensive economic development mode and turn to the efficient development of an intensive mode. The high-tech industry will be the decisive force in future industrial development. The agglomeration of the industry will help form economies of scale, thereby improving the effective allocation of resources and promoting productivity. The increase in green economy efficiency is a key factor in achieving green development and an important indicator of achieving the coordinated development of economic development and environmental protection. Therefore, in this study, we try to improve the efficiency of the green economy through industrial agglomeration to achieve green development. In order to solve this problem, we took the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object, used Super Slacks-based Measure (SBM) data envelopment analysis (DEA) and general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) to study the green economy efficiency, and then used the system generalized moment method (SGMM) to study the impact of high-tech industry agglomeration on green economy efficiency. According to the empirical test, we found that (1) the green economy efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a volatile upward trend, (2) the green economy efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt differs with time and by region, (3) the agglomeration of the high-tech industry has a lagging effect on the improvement of green economy efficiency, and (4) the regression coefficients of economic development and foreign direct investment are positive and those of environmental regulation and urbanization are negative. Finally, in this paper, we provide corresponding policy recommendations to promote the agglomeration of high-tech industries, thereby improving the efficiency of the green economy.

One of the Sustainable Development Goals is to enable cities to thrive, improve resource efficiency, and reduce pollution. However, balancing economic development with pollution control and fostering green growth remains a major challenge for developing countries. This study, using panel data from 284 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2006 to 2020, evaluates urban green economy efficiency (GEE). Then, adopting implementation of “12th Five-Year Plan for Key Regional Air Pollution Prevention and Control” in China as a quasi-natural experiment, this study investigates the impact of air pollution prevention and control (APPC) on urban GEE. Findings reveal an overall upward trajectory in urban GEE across China, marked by discernible regional differentiations following implementation of national Plan. Considering the “hysteresis effect” and spatially “pollution halo effect”, APPC notably improves urban GEE, particularly within cities of eastern zone, high-population density cities, large-sized cities, non resource-based cities and major-APPC cities. Importantly, APPC acts as a catalyst for both enhancing green innovation quality and optimizing industrial structures, ultimately fostering urban GEE in China. These findings are significant and also provide a valuable supplement to the existing study.

Is Green economy practices adaptive and universally applicable? There are certain conditions where the application cannot be imposed, such as in the environment of indigenous peoples. This research aims to determine the contradiction and explore the Actualization of local wisdom among indigenous peoples in natural resource management. This research uses socio-legal methods with the conceptual, case, and statute approaches. The results showed that: Firstly, conflicts arising from differences in management techniques, concepts, claims of ownership rights, access, and objectives of natural resource management between indigenous peoples and green economy are significantly different. Secondly, Actualization and implementation in Indonesia can be done by adjusting the projection of green economy development with the wisdom patterns of each region, the participation of indigenous peoples in the policy formulation process, and the values of local wisdom in natural resource management as a limitation of the implementation of the green economy.

Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study is to present the concept of green economy and other notions and concepts related to it and to assess their significance for the formation of development policy and a practical solution to problems of socio-economic development. Materials and methods: The paper is based on the analysis of documents and literature mainly referring to the concepts of “green economy”, “green growth” and “green deal” in the context of “sustainable development goals”. Results: The paper deals with the reasons for the emergence of the greening of economic processes as a new phenomenon of contemporary development, as well as various definitions of green economy, green growth, the principles of implementing green economy and green transformation processes. The study presents the milestones for the development of the European and global green economy and green growth, and their relationsip to the concept and goals of sustainable development. The review of the concept of green economy and green growth comprises the definitions prepared by specialized agencies of the United Nations UNEP, UNCTAD, UN ESCAP, UN FGG, OECD, the European Union and the World Bank. The main principles proposed by international organizations to be applied in the implementation of the green economy transformation policy are also discussed. Conclusions: The conclusions indicate a wide range of the concepts presented, the ambiguity of their definitions and the need for further research in this area.

Environmental regulation is the principal policy for the deterioration of the ecological environment, but it can also interfere with the green development efficiency of resource-based cities. However, the relationship between regulation and development is still unclear and how to realize the sustainable development of resource-based cities under environmental regulation becomes an important topic. This paper investigates the green economy efficiency of resource-based cities using the super-SBM model based on the panel data of 98 resource-based cities in China from 2006 to 2016. Then, we empirically test the effect of environmental regulation using the SYS-GMM estimation method and threshold model. This study finds that the green economy efficiency in different categories of resource-based cities is significantly different. Environmental regulation has a significant positive effect on the green economy efficiency in resource-based cities and significantly promotes the green economy efficiency in growing cities. The policy also plays a certain role in improving the green economy efficiency in grow-up cities, but the effect is not significant. In addition, environmental regulation has a negative impact on the green economy efficiency of recessionary cities and regenerative cities. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward to realize the sustainable development of resource-based cities.

Rapid climatic and socio-economic changes challenge current agricultural R&D capacity. The necessary quantum leap in knowledge generation should build on the innovation capacity of farmers themselves. A novel citizen science methodology, triadic comparisons of technologies or tricot , was implemented in pilot studies in India, East Africa, and Central America. The methodology involves distributing a pool of agricultural technologies in different combinations of three to individual farmers who observe these technologies under farm conditions and compare their performance. Since the combinations of three technologies overlap, statistical methods can piece together the overall performance ranking of the complete pool of technologies. The tricot approach affords wide scaling, as the distribution of trial packages and instruction sessions is relatively easy to execute, farmers do not need to be organized in collaborative groups, and feedback is easy to collect, even by phone. The tricot approach provides interpretable, meaningful results and was widely accepted by farmers. The methodology underwent improvement in data input formats. A number of methodological issues remain: integrating environmental analysis, capturing gender-specific differences, stimulating farmers' motivation, and supporting implementation with an integrated digital platform. Future studies should apply the tricot approach to a wider range of technologies, quantify its potential contribution to climate adaptation, and embed the approach in appropriate institutions and business models, empowering participants and democratizing science.