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"Grooming"
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THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF HOME- AND COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES AND FACTORS ON MULTIDIMENSIONAL UNMET NEEDS
Abstract
Background
Long-Term Care (LTC) in Taiwan has been implemented over the last 15 years, focusing on providing home- and community-based services (HCBS). Previous studies have shown that care recipients' level of unmet needs is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to identify HCBS use patterns among LTC care recipients and examine the impact of different patterns of HCBS on unmet needs.
Methods
Surveys of service users were conducted in eight counties. Latent class analysis was used to identify the underlying subgroups of LTC recipients. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the impact of HCBS patterns and care recipients' predisposing, enabling, and need factors on the level of unmet needs.
Results
A total of 952 participants from northern, middle, and southern Taiwan completed the surveys. Three subgroups based on HCBS use were identified, including home-based personal care (HB-PC), home-based personal care and medical care (HB-PC/MC), and community care (CC). Care recipients in the HB-PC group (β = −1.922, p = 0.028) and the CC group (β = −2.177, p = 0.019) had lower unmet needs than those in the HB-PC/MC group. A lower disability level, living in a highly urbanized city, and lower levels of quality of life were associated with higher unmet needs (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Our results demonstrating that care recipients with lower disability levels had higher unmet needs may indicate insufficient funding support from Taiwan's LTC plans. However, multiple service users had high unmet needs, which warrants further investigation.
Journal Article
The gentleman's guide to grooming : the quintessential handbook for the modern man
\"Brimming with illustrations, photographs, and witty observations, this indispensable handbook gives today's man invaluable advice from the world's most respected masters of style and grooming. Men will find professional guidance on everything from getting a good haircut and recipes for tonics and potions to maintaining fingernails and choosing the right hat--so they'll look their best from head to perfectly polished shoes.\"--Publisher's description.
BOOK
Neurobiology of rodent self-grooming and its value for translational neuroscience
Key Points
Self-grooming is an evolutionarily conserved complex innate behaviour that has a role in hygiene maintenance and other physiological functions. Self-grooming is the most frequently occurring awake behaviour in laboratory rodents.
Self-grooming is an important phenotype to study in translational neuroscience, as it may allow the modelling of human diseases that have symptoms similar to, and/or share pathogenetic mechanisms with, aberrant grooming in rodents.
Analysing animal self-grooming also has a broader value in the study of neurobiology underlying complex repetitive behaviours, which may be disrupted in certain neurological diseases.
In this Review, we discuss the neurobiology of grooming, including its underlying circuitry, genetic mechanisms and pharmacological modulation.
We also highlight studies of rodent self-grooming behaviour in models of neuropsychiatric disorders that suggest that it is valuable asset for clinical and translational neuroscience research, including the identification of neural circuits that control complex patterned behaviours.
These findings suggest that the study of rodent self-grooming has multiple implications for translational neuroscience, which may extend beyond understanding the self-grooming behaviour itself.
Rodents spend a large proportion of their waking time engaged in self-grooming behaviour. In this Review, Kalueff and colleagues describe the characteristics and underlying neural circuitry of rodent self-grooming, and discuss its use as a measure of repetitive behaviour in models of psychiatric disease.
Self-grooming is a complex innate behaviour with an evolutionarily conserved sequencing pattern and is one of the most frequently performed behavioural activities in rodents. In this Review, we discuss the neurobiology of rodent self-grooming, and we highlight studies of rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders — including models of autism spectrum disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder — that have assessed self-grooming phenotypes. We suggest that rodent self-grooming may be a useful measure of repetitive behaviour in such models, and therefore of value to translational psychiatry. Assessment of rodent self-grooming may also be useful for understanding the neural circuits that are involved in complex sequential patterns of action.
Journal Article
Neurobiology of grooming behavior
\"Grooming is among the most evolutionary ancient and highly represented behaviors in many animal species. It represents a significant proportion of an animal's total activity and between 30-50% of their waking hours. Recent research has demonstrated that grooming is regulated by specific brain circuits and is sensitive to stress, as well as to pharmacologic compounds and genetic manipulation, making it ideal for modelling affective disorders that arise as a function of stressful environments, such as stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Over a series of 12 chapters that introduce and explicate the field of grooming research and its significance for the human and animal brain, this book covers the breadth of grooming animal models while simultaneously providing sufficient depth in introducing the concepts and translational approaches to grooming research. Written primarily for graduates and researchers within the neuroscientific community\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Personal Care Aides in residential care and adult day centers: differences in training, benefits, and roles
Abstract
Personal care aides (PCAs), along with other direct care workers, provide the hands-on care, including help with activities of daily living for individuals receiving care in residential care communities (RCC) and adult day services centers (ADSC). Recruitment and retention of such workers is a challenge as low pay, inadequate training, unsatisfactory roles and lack of benefits contribute to turnover. Using data from the 2018 National Study of Long-Term Care Providers, the only nationally representative data about PCAs in RCCs and ADSCs, this study will assess differences in training hours, benefits, and work roles among PCAs in these settings. About 76% of RCCs and 66% of ADSCs employed aides. On average, PCAs received 32 hours and 51 hours of initial training in ADSCs and RCCs, respectively. Results from bivariate analyses (accounting for complex survey design), showed that benefits received by PCAs varied by sector. A higher percentage of PCAs in ADSCs than in RCCs received health insurance for employees (60% vs. 46%), and pension (51% vs. 40%). About 51% of ADSCs and 46% of RCCs reported that PCAs rarely or sometimes attended care plan meetings. Further, 11% of RCCs and 15% of ADSCs reported that aides rarely or sometimes worked with the same care recipient. This overview of PCA activities, training and benefits may provide insights into approaches to improve the retention of PCAs and subsequently the quality of care provided across sectors.
Journal Article
Man vs. hair : 60 tutorials for handsome hair & stubble
\"Man vs. Hair is a collection of sixty fashionable styles for men's hair and facial hair. Step-by-step tutorials featuring simple how-to illustrations take the guesswork out of styling, while on-trend fashion photography demonstrates how to wear each 'do.\"--Back cover.
Book
Social Grooming in Bats: Are Vampire Bats Exceptional?
Evidence for long-term cooperative relationships comes from several social birds and mammals. Vampire bats demonstrate cooperative social bonds, and like primates, they maintain these bonds through social grooming. It is unclear, however, to what extent vampires are special among bats in this regard. We compared social grooming rates of common vampire bats Desmodus rotundus and four other group-living bats, Artibeus jamaicensis, Carollia perspicillata, Eidolon helvum and Rousettus aegyptiacus, under the same captive conditions of fixed association and no ectoparasites. We conducted 13 focal sampling sessions for each combination of sex and species, for a total of 1560 presence/absence observations per species. We observed evidence for social grooming in all species, but social grooming rates were on average 14 times higher in vampire bats than in other species. Self-grooming rates did not differ. Vampire bats spent 3.7% of their awake time social grooming (95% CI = 1.5-6.3%), whereas bats of the other species spent 0.1-0.5% of their awake time social grooming. Together with past data, this result supports the hypothesis that the elevated social grooming rate in the vampire bat is an adaptive trait, linked to their social bonding and unique regurgitated food sharing behavior.
Journal Article
Makeup makeovers in 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes : expert secrets for stunning transformations
\"Create timeless looks that will give you confidence and make you radiant with internationally-renowned makeup artist Robert Jones in Makeup Makeovers in 5, 10, 15, and 20 Minutes. This step-by-step guide to realistic, everyday makeup for the woman on the go contains makeup techniques for every occasion, starting with the five-minute morning-makeup for work, more refined style for important meetings that can be done in the office, quick and stylish looks for after-work drinks, hot and sassy styles for when readers are late for their dates, and even elegant evening styles for women who have the time but not the energy or need to spend hours on their look. Top-of-the-field makeup artist Robert Jones shows you which tools to use, how to conceal blemishes, and how to emphasize certain features, such as eyes and lips. You'll discover how to quickly and efficiently transform your appearance in stunning and remarkable ways, no matter what the occasion and in an incredibly short amount of time\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Preference and Seasonality of Allogrooming Posture and Body Site of Wild White-Headed Black Langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in Guangxi, China: Functional Implications
ABSTRACT Allogrooming behavior is ubiquitous among nonhuman primates and considered to be highly preferences regarding to allogrooming postures and body sites. In order to investigate the allogrooming preference and seasonality of the white-headed black langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus), we studied the allogrooming posture and body site of the animal via focal animal sampling and continuous recording in the Chongzuo White-Headed Langur National Nature Reserve from February 2016 to January 2017. Results showed that totally proportions of non-eye contact and eye contact allogrooming postures of the animals accounted for 47.86% and 52.14%, respectively. The most frequently used allogrooming posture in the dry season was sprawl (32.73%), and that of in the rainy season was sit side (33.56%). There were significant differences among allogrooming postures throughout the year (p < 0.001). Proportion of allogrooming in inaccessible area in the dry season was higher than in the rainy season. The grooming preference index was greater than 0 in the dry season and less than 0 in the rainy season. The proportion of difficult to reach area was opposite and there was a significant difference between dry season and rainy season (p = 0.04), and both grooming preference index was greater than 0. The grooming preference index of easy to reach area was less than 0 in dry season and rainy season. Animals were selective in allogrooming sites, the anogenital area had the largest grooming preference index in both dry and rainy seasons. The allogrooming of white-headed black langur appeared to be consistent with the social function hypothesis. In addition, allogrooming was in line with the hygiene function hypothesis during dry season, but not in rainy season. The reason may be associated with variation of food supply between the two seasons. It is necessary to further study before generalizing the function of allogrooming of the langur.
Journal Article