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"Ground state"
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The African Burial Ground
In 1991, preparation for the construction of a new federal office building led to a startling discovery: a skeleton. Further excavation exposed the bones of 420 men, women, and children. This area of New York had been a burial ground set aside for both free and enslaved Africans during the 1600s and 1700s. It is thought to be one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. This noteworthy book which includes sidebars, fact boxes, a timeline, and maps fills in the gaps of history books, exposing much about what life was like in colonial New York for Africans. Fact Boxes, Full-Color Photographs, Further Information Section, Glossary, Graphic Organizers, Index, Sidebars, Websites.
Book
Efficient pathway to NaCs ground state molecules
Abstract We present a study of two-photon pathways for the transfer of NaCs molecules to their rovibrational ground state. Starting from NaCs Feshbach molecules, we perform bound-bound excited state spectroscopy in the wavelength range from 900 nm to 940 nm, covering more than 30 vibrational states of the c 3 Σ + , b 3 Π , and B 1 Π electronic states. Analyzing the rotational substructure, we identify the highly mixed c 3 Σ 1 + | v = 22 ⟩ ∼ b 3 Π 1 | v = 54 ⟩ state as an efficient bridge for stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We demonstrate transfer into the NaCs ground state with an efficiency of up to 88(4)%. Highly efficient transfer is critical for the realization of many-body quantum phases of strongly dipolar NaCs molecules and high fidelity detection of single molecules, for example, in spin physics experiments in optical lattices and quantum information experiments in optical tweezer arrays.
Journal Article
The African Burial Ground in New York City : memory, spirituality, and space
\"'This book is of real importance. Frohne has drawn together all of the information about the African American burial ground in one place and analyzed it within the context of the history of enslaved Africans in New York\"--Gretchen Sullivan Sorin, director and Distinguished Professor, Cooperstown Graduate Program, SUNY Oneonta; 'A timely addition to the scant literature about a well-known but understudied aspect of African American history in early New York City\"--Graham Hodges, professor of history and Africana and Latin American studies, Colgate University\"--From publisher's website.
Book
Ground state cooling of a quantum electromechanical system with a silicon nitride membrane in a 3D loop-gap cavity
Cavity electro-(opto-)mechanics gives us a quantum tool to access mechanical modes in a massive object. Here we develop a quantum electromechanical system in which a vibrational mode of a SiNx membrane are coupled to a three-dimensional loop-gap superconducting microwave cavity. The tight confinement of the electric field across a mechanically compliant narrow-gap capacitor realizes the quantum strong coupling regime under a red-sideband pump field and the quantum ground state cooling of the mechanical mode. We also demonstrate strong coupling between two mechanical modes, which is induced by two-tone parametric drives and mediated by a virtual photon in the cavity.
Journal Article
Entropically Stabilized Local Dipole Formation in Lead Chalcogenides
We report the observation of local structural dipoles that emerge from an undistorted ground state on warming, in contrast to conventional structural phase transitions in which distortions emerge on cooling. Using experimental and theoretical probes of the local structure, we demonstrate this behavior in binary lead chalcogenides, which were believed to adopt the ideal, undistorted rock-salt structure at all temperatures. The behavior is consistent with a simple thermodynamic model in which the emerging dipoles are stabilized in the disordered state at high temperature due to the extra configurational entropy despite the fact that the undistorted structure has lower internal energy. Our findings shed light on the anomalous electronic and thermoelectric properties of the lead chalcogenides. Similar searches may show that the phenomenon is more widespread.
Journal Article
Sharp entanglement thresholds in the logarithmic negativity of disjoint blocks in the transverse-field Ising chain
Entanglement has developed into an essential concept for the characterization of phases and phase transitions in ground states of quantum many-body systems. In this work we use the logarithmic negativity to study the spatial entanglement structure in the transverse-field Ising chain both in the ground state and at nonzero temperatures. Specifically, we investigate the entanglement between two disjoint blocks as a function of their separation, which can be viewed as the entanglement analog of a spatial correlation function. We find sharp entanglement thresholds at a critical distance beyond which the logarithmic negativity vanishes exactly and thus the two blocks become unentangled, which holds even in the presence of long-ranged quantum correlations, i.e., at the system's quantum critical point. Using time-evolving block decimation, we explore this feature as a function of temperature and size of the two blocks and present a simple model to describe our numerical observations.
Journal Article
Snapshots of the maltose transporter during ATP hydrolysis
ATP-binding cassette transporters are powered by ATP, but the mechanism by which these transporters hydrolyze ATP is unclear. In this study, four crystal structures of the full-length wild-type maltose transporter, stabilized by adenosine 5'-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate or ADP in conjunction with phosphate analogs Formula , Formula , or Formula , were determined to 2.2- to 2.4-Å resolution. These structures led to the assignment of two enzymatic states during ATP hydrolysis and demonstrate specific functional roles of highly conserved residues in the nucleotide-binding domain, suggesting that ATP-binding cassette transporters catalyze ATP hydrolysis via a general base mechanism.
Journal Article
Sympathetic cooling of molecular ion motion to the ground state
We demonstrate sympathetic sideband cooling of a 40CaH+ molecular ion co-trapped with a 40Ca+ atomic ion in a linear Paul trap. Both axial modes of the two-ion chain are simultaneously cooled to near the ground state of motion. The center of mass mode is cooled to an average quanta of harmonic motion , corresponding to a temperature of . The breathing mode is cooled to , corresponding to a temperature of .
Journal Article
Unusual Spin Exchanges Mediated by the Molecular Anion P2S64−: Theoretical Analyses of the Magnetic Ground States, Magnetic Anisotropy and Spin Exchanges of MPS3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)
We examined the magnetic ground states, the preferred spin orientations and the spin exchanges of four layered phases MPS3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) by first principles density functional theory plus onsite repulsion (DFT + U) calculations. The magnetic ground states predicted for MPS3 by DFT + U calculations using their optimized crystal structures are in agreement with experiment for M = Mn, Co and Ni, but not for FePS3. DFT + U calculations including spin-orbit coupling correctly predict the observed spin orientations for FePS3, CoPS3 and NiPS3, but not for MnPS3. Further analyses suggest that the ||z spin direction observed for the Mn2+ ions of MnPS3 is caused by the magnetic dipole–dipole interaction in its magnetic ground state. Noting that the spin exchanges are determined by the ligand p-orbital tails of magnetic orbitals, we formulated qualitative rules governing spin exchanges as the guidelines for discussing and estimating the spin exchanges of magnetic solids. Use of these rules allowed us to recognize several unusual exchanges of MPS3, which are mediated by the symmetry-adapted group orbitals of P2S64− and exhibit unusual features unknown from other types of spin exchanges.
Journal Article
Ground state normalized solutions to the Kirchhoff equation with general nonlinearities: mass supercritical case
We study the following nonlinear mass supercritical Kirchhoff equation:
−
(
a
+
b
∫
R
N
|
∇
u
|
2
)
△
u
+
μ
u
=
f
(
u
)
in
R
N
,
where
a
,
b
,
m
>
0
are prescribed, and the normalized constrain
∫
R
N
|
u
|
2
d
x
=
m
is satisfied in the case
1
≤
N
≤
3
. The nonlinearity
f
is more general and satisfies weak mass supercritical conditions. Under some mild assumptions, we establish the existence of ground state when
1
≤
N
≤
3
and obtain infinitely many radial solutions when
2
≤
N
≤
3
by constructing a particular bounded Palais–Smale sequence.
Journal Article