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The African Burial Ground
In 1991, preparation for the construction of a new federal office building led to a startling discovery: a skeleton. Further excavation exposed the bones of 420 men, women, and children. This area of New York had been a burial ground set aside for both free and enslaved Africans during the 1600s and 1700s. It is thought to be one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. This noteworthy book which includes sidebars, fact boxes, a timeline, and maps fills in the gaps of history books, exposing much about what life was like in colonial New York for Africans. Fact Boxes, Full-Color Photographs, Further Information Section, Glossary, Graphic Organizers, Index, Sidebars, Websites.
Book
Efficient pathway to NaCs ground state molecules
We present a study of two-photon pathways for the transfer of NaCs molecules to their rovibrational ground state. Starting from NaCs Feshbach molecules, we perform bound-bound excited state spectroscopy in the wavelength range from 900 nm to 940 nm, covering more than 30 vibrational states of the c 3 Σ + , b 3 Π , and B 1 Π electronic states. Analyzing the rotational substructure, we identify the highly mixed c 3 Σ 1 + | v = 22 ⟩ ∼ b 3 Π 1 | v = 54 ⟩ state as an efficient bridge for stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We demonstrate transfer into the NaCs ground state with an efficiency of up to 88(4)%. Highly efficient transfer is critical for the realization of many-body quantum phases of strongly dipolar NaCs molecules and high fidelity detection of single molecules, for example, in spin physics experiments in optical lattices and quantum information experiments in optical tweezer arrays.
Journal Article
The African Burial Ground in New York City : memory, spirituality, and space
\"'This book is of real importance. Frohne has drawn together all of the information about the African American burial ground in one place and analyzed it within the context of the history of enslaved Africans in New York\"--Gretchen Sullivan Sorin, director and Distinguished Professor, Cooperstown Graduate Program, SUNY Oneonta; 'A timely addition to the scant literature about a well-known but understudied aspect of African American history in early New York City\"--Graham Hodges, professor of history and Africana and Latin American studies, Colgate University\"--From publisher's website.
Book
Existence and Asymptotics of Normalized Ground States for a Sobolev Critical Kirchhoff Equation
In the present paper, we investigate the existence and asymptotic properties of normalized solutions for the following Kirchhoff-type equation with Sobolev critical growth
where
a
,
b
,
m
,
μ
>
0
and
14
3
<
p
<
6
. With the aid of the Sobolev subcritical approximation method that is the first time used to consider mass constrained Kirchhoff-type problems, and Schwartz symmetrization rearrangements, we obtain the existence of normalized ground states. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior of these solutions is also studied.
Journal Article
Ground state cooling of a quantum electromechanical system with a silicon nitride membrane in a 3D loop-gap cavity
Cavity electro-(opto-)mechanics gives us a quantum tool to access mechanical modes in a massive object. Here we develop a quantum electromechanical system in which a vibrational mode of a SiNx membrane are coupled to a three-dimensional loop-gap superconducting microwave cavity. The tight confinement of the electric field across a mechanically compliant narrow-gap capacitor realizes the quantum strong coupling regime under a red-sideband pump field and the quantum ground state cooling of the mechanical mode. We also demonstrate strong coupling between two mechanical modes, which is induced by two-tone parametric drives and mediated by a virtual photon in the cavity.
Journal Article
Magnetic-induced chiral dynamics in an extended two-leg bosonic ladder
The realization and detection of chiral physics with ultracold atomic gases provide a unique path for the exploration of topological phases. Here, we show that the interplay of magnetic field and interacting particles in an extended two-leg ladder leads to rich chiral Bloch dynamics. Considering both the on-site contact interaction and nearest-neighbor interactions, the ground state and Bloch dynamics of the system are studied analytically and numerically. When the system is in the ground state, the threshold and phase diagram for the transition between zero-momentum state and plane-wave state are analytically obtained, showing the nearest-neighbor interactions along the legs and rungs have opposite impact on the ground state transition, providing new opportunity to manipulate the ground state transition. When the ladder is perturbated under an external linear force, chiral dephasing of Bloch oscillations (BOs), i.e. symmetry breaking damped BOs (the damping rate of BOs on one leg is larger than the other), are observed. This chirality is absent for vanishing the magnetic field and atomic interaction. Particularly, the chirality of damped BOs is inversed when the magnetic field (chiral current) is inversed. In addition, the damping of BOs induced by different types of atomic interactions is different, and the strength and damping rate of BOs initialized in different ground states are distinct, offering dynamic ways to detect the different ground states. Furthermore, the persistent chiral Bloch oscillations observed in single particle case is predicted analytically, which is a crucial requirement for observation and application of chiral BOs in nonlinear regime. Our results provide an interesting path towards the exploration of topological atomic superfluids.
Journal Article
Assessing Potential Groundwater Storage Capacity for Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Transitioning Post‐Subsidence Metropolitan Area
Many major cities worldwide have inevitably experienced excessive groundwater pumping due to growing demands for freshwater in urban development. To mitigate land subsidence problems during urbanization, various regulations have been adopted to control groundwater usage. This study examines the transition in the post‐subsidence stage, especially in metropolitan areas, to adaptively adjust subsidence prevention strategies for effective groundwater management. Taking the Taipei Basin as an example, historical data reveals significant subsidence of more than 2 m during early urban development, with subsidence hazards largely mitigated over decades. However, the rising groundwater level poses a risk to the stability of engineering excavations. In this study, 29 X‐band Cosmo‐Skymed constellation (CSK) images were utilized with the Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR/PSI) technique to monitor surface displacements during the construction of the Mass Rapid Transit system. Correlating groundwater levels helps identify the heterogeneous hydrogeological environment, and the potential groundwater capacity is assessed. PSI time‐series reveal that approximately 2 cm of recoverable land displacements correspond to groundwater fluctuations in the confined aquifer, indicative of the typically elastic behavior of the resilient aquifer system. The estimated groundwater storage variation is about 1.6 million cubic meters, suggesting this potential groundwater capacity could provide available water resources with proper management. Additionally, engineering excavation safety can be ensured with lowered groundwater levels. This study emphasizes the need to balance groundwater resource use with urban development by adjusting subsidence prevention and control strategies to achieve sustainable water management in the post‐subsidence stage. Plain Language Summary Groundwater is used as an important freshwater resource in global urban development, but over‐exploitation often leads to subsidence problems. Once land subsidence situation is under controlled, attention turns to how to balance urban development with environmental protection. This study takes a metropolitan area in a post‐subsidence period as an example and uses satellite technique to estimate potential groundwater volumes. It suggests that with proper management, groundwater resources can be fully utilized and related engineering disasters can be prevented. Key Points Integrating InSAR and numerical model for transient‐like state groundwater level mapping Quantifying changes in potential groundwater storage as available freshwater resources Efficient groundwater utilization for achieving sustainability in post‐subsidence stages
Journal Article
Entropically Stabilized Local Dipole Formation in Lead Chalcogenides
We report the observation of local structural dipoles that emerge from an undistorted ground state on warming, in contrast to conventional structural phase transitions in which distortions emerge on cooling. Using experimental and theoretical probes of the local structure, we demonstrate this behavior in binary lead chalcogenides, which were believed to adopt the ideal, undistorted rock-salt structure at all temperatures. The behavior is consistent with a simple thermodynamic model in which the emerging dipoles are stabilized in the disordered state at high temperature due to the extra configurational entropy despite the fact that the undistorted structure has lower internal energy. Our findings shed light on the anomalous electronic and thermoelectric properties of the lead chalcogenides. Similar searches may show that the phenomenon is more widespread.
Journal Article
Sharp entanglement thresholds in the logarithmic negativity of disjoint blocks in the transverse-field Ising chain
Entanglement has developed into an essential concept for the characterization of phases and phase transitions in ground states of quantum many-body systems. In this work we use the logarithmic negativity to study the spatial entanglement structure in the transverse-field Ising chain both in the ground state and at nonzero temperatures. Specifically, we investigate the entanglement between two disjoint blocks as a function of their separation, which can be viewed as the entanglement analog of a spatial correlation function. We find sharp entanglement thresholds at a critical distance beyond which the logarithmic negativity vanishes exactly and thus the two blocks become unentangled, which holds even in the presence of long-ranged quantum correlations, i.e., at the system's quantum critical point. Using time-evolving block decimation, we explore this feature as a function of temperature and size of the two blocks and present a simple model to describe our numerical observations.
Journal Article
Groundstates for Choquard type equations with Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev lower critical exponent
For the Choquard equation, which is a nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger type equation,$$-\\Delta u+V_{\\mu, \\nu} u=(I_\\alpha\\ast \\vert u \\vert ^{({N+\\alpha})/{N}}){ \\vert u \\vert }^{{\\alpha}/{N}-1}u,\\quad {\\rm in} \\ {\\open R}^N, $$where$N\\ges 3$, V μ,ν :ℝ N → ℝ is an external potential defined for μ, ν > 0 and x ∈ ℝ N by V μ,ν ( x ) = 1 − μ/(ν 2 + | x | 2 ) and$I_\\alpha : {\\open R}^N \\to 0$is the Riesz potential for α ∈ (0, N ), we exhibit two thresholds μ ν , μ ν > 0 such that the equation admits a positive ground state solution if and only if μ ν < μ < μ ν and no ground state solution exists for μ < μ ν . Moreover, if μ > maxμ ν , N 2 ( N − 2)/4( N + 1), then equation still admits a sign changing ground state solution provided$N \\ges 4$or in dimension N = 3 if in addition 3/2 < α < 3 and$\\ker (-\\Delta + V_{\\mu ,\\nu }) = \\{ 0\\} $, namely in the non-resonant case.
Journal Article