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Understanding collective decision making : a fitness landscape model approach
Collective decision making seems a straightforward matter: people come together and decide. But why is it that today's winners can turn into tomorrow's losers? Why can't you always get what you want? How does the interaction between the decision makers influence the outcome? And are opportunists better off than stubborn decision makers? This book takes a refreshing look at collective decision making by using models of evolutionary biology and naturalistic decision making to analyse real-world cases. These cases include the rise and fall of the Dutch high-speed railway project and the unexpected effects of introducing public-private partnerships to connect the new Thai national airport to Bangkok. Gerrits and Marks successfully guide the reader towards an in-depth understanding through rich empirical research and uncover the beautiful complexity of collective decision making. Understanding Collective Decision Making will be of great interest to academics working in public administration, political science and evolutionary theory. Public managers will also find this book helpful to understand why and how collective decisions are formed.
Book
Distributed Situation Awareness
This book presents an exhaustive review and evaluation of contemporary theoretical perspectives on SA and of a range of SA measurement approaches. A novel theory of DSA in complex sociotechnical systems is presented, followed by an original methodology for assessing SA and DSA in command and control environments. It contains several naturalistic case studies of command and control scenarios undertaken in numerous military domains, as well as one involving multiple high-consequence civilian domains.
eBook
A novel type of soft rough covering and its application to multicriteria group decision making
In this paper, we contribute to a recent and successful modelization of uncertainty, which the practitioner often encounters in the formulation of multicriteria group decision making problems. To be precise, in order to approach the uncertainty issue we introduce a novel type of soft rough covering by means of soft neighborhoods, and then we use it to improve decision making in a multicriteria group environment. Our research method is as follows. Firstly we introduce the soft covering upper and lower approximation operators of soft rough coverings. Then its relationships with well-established types of soft rough coverings are analyzed. Secondly, we define and investigate the measure degree of our novel soft rough covering. With this tool we produce a new class of soft rough sets. Finally, we propose an application of such soft rough covering model to multicriteria group decision making by means of an algorithmic solution. A fully developed example supports the implementability of this decision making method.
Journal Article
Constructive controversy : theory, research, practice
\"Why do people make decisions based on their own perspective without considering alternative points of view? Do differences of opinion enhance or obstruct critical thinking? Is it wise to seek out people who disagree with you and listen to their objections to your conclusions? Focusing on the theory, research, and application of constructive controversy, this book analyses the nature of disagreement among members of decision-making groups, project teams, academic study groups, and other groups that are involved in solving problems. Johnson demonstrates that this theory is one of the most effective methods of enhancing creativity and innovation, decision making, teaching, and political discourse. The book includes entertaining and intriguing examples of how constructive controversy has been used in a variety of historical periods to advance creativity, achieve innovations, and guide democracies. It will be welcomed by students in the fields of social psychology, management/business studies, education, and communication studies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A Literature Review of the Concepts of Resilience and Sustainability in Group Decision-Making
The most critical decisions usually involve several decision makers with different roles and opportunities to commit key resources. Several group decision-making (GDM) approaches can support the identification of a joint or compromise decision in less conflicting settings, where there is a group of subjects (e.g’, partners) who pursue a common overall objective. However, considering the uncertainty in future events and complexity of modern-day systems, decision processes do not always produce beneficial results or give the participants a positive perception of their role in the process. Group decision-making should then take into consideration some aspects that might insure future resilience and sustainability, particularly the achievement of the objectives in view of future risks and the transparency and participation that are needed to limit problems in the implementation phase of the decision. The literature survey presented in this study identified a research gap regarding GDM. Differently from traditional GDM, which was first discussed in the early 1980s and whose body of knowledge is pretty defined, resilient and sustainable GDM (R&S GDM) is fairly new. The main objective of this study is then identifying the main attributes for supporting sustainable and resilient group decisions. To this aim, a preliminary focused systematic review was conducted to study the existing group decision-making methods in the literature and how the concepts of sustainability and resilience have been employed. After defining the search keywords and exclusion criteria for the individuation of the articles, the first screening process was carried out and the most relevant articles were selected. The last steps of the systematic review were the classification of the articles and the full paper examination to extract the main factors of R&S GDM. Seven attributes were listed as the key factors of R&S GDM. In light of those factors, a group decision process concerning an injection moulding line in Tajikistan was investigated. The case study highlighted that over self-confidence, information flow and transparency were the main reasons for faulty decisions, thus suggesting that information system and information fluidity play an important role in R&S GDM. Finally, the most important managerial implications of R&S GDM are reported.
Journal Article
Three-way decision model under a large-scale group decision-making environment with detecting and managing non-cooperative behaviors in consensus reaching process
Aiming of this paper is to introduce large-scale group decision-making (LSGDM) into three-way decisions (3WDs) with decision-theoretic rough sets (DTRSs) and propose LSGDM based 3WDs under linguistic assessments. There are two parameters involved of the 3WDs with DTRSs such as conditional probability and loss functions. Here we mainly focus on the calculation of loss function using LSGDM approach. LSGDM problem is characterized by a large number of experts, multiple clusters and a mass of evaluation data given by the experts. In some cases, experts are unwilling to revise their opinions to reach a consensus. So, the proper management of experts opinions and their non-cooperative behaviors (NCBs) is necessary to establish a consensus model. An appropriate adjustment of the credibility information is also essential. Using the clustering method, the proposed model divides the experts with similar evaluations into a subgroup. In each cluster, the experts’ opinions are then aggregate. In order to measure the level of consensus among clusters, the cluster consensus index (CCI) and group consensus index (GCI) have been developed. Then, using a tool for managing the NCBs of clusters includes two components: (1) for identifying the NCBs of clusters, NCB degree has defined using CCI and GCI; (2) for consensus improvement, implemented the weight punishment mechanism to NCBs clusters. Finally, we have designed a rule for classifying the objects into three regions, and the associated cost of each object is derived for ranking the objects in each region. An example is offered for selection of the Energy project to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Journal Article
An extended EDAS approach based on cumulative prospect theory for multiple attributes group decision making with probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information
The Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets (PHFS) based on the hesitant fuzzy sets has been paid great attention. Though numerous methods have been applied in this environment since the PHFS has been introduced, there are still new fields to be explored. The EDAS method which is the abbreviation of the evaluation based on distance from average solution is one of the practical methods in circumstances which is with contradictory attributes. Considering the uncertain character of the PHF condition and the psychological factors which influence decision makers’ behaviors such as the character and risk reference, the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy EDAS integrating with cumulative prospect theory (PHF-CPT-EDAS) is built for multiple attributes group decision making (MAGDM) problem. Meanwhile, the information of entropy is also utilized to calculate the unknown weighting vector of attributes. At last, we utilize two case studies to compare the designed method with other MADM methods. Through this article, we learn that the PHF-CPT-EDAS method is effective and stable to solve the MAGDM issues.
Journal Article