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An Alternative to Methodological Individualism: A Non-Reductionist Approach to Studying Technology Adoption by Groups
Studies on groups within the MIS discipline have largely been based on the paradigm of methodological individualism. Commentaries on methodological individualism within the reference disciplines suggest that studies embracing this paradigm can lead to potentially misleading or incorrect conclusions. This study illustrates the appropriateness of the alternate non-reductionist approach to investigating group-related phenomenon, specifically in the context of technology adoption. Drawing on theories of group influence, prior research on conflict, technology characteristics, task—technology fit, group communication media, and recent theoretical work surrounding group technology adoption, the paper proposes and empirically tests a new non-reductionist model for conceptualizing technology adoption by groups. Further, the study also empirically compares this non-reductionist model with a (hypothetical) methodological individualist model of technology adoption by groups. Results strongly support most of the assertions of the non-reductionist model and highlight that this model provides a more robust explanation of technology adoption by groups than a methodological individualist view. Further, the study also highlights some conditions wherein the methodological individualist view fails to provide correct explanations. The implications of the study's findings for future research are discussed.
Journal Article
Youth culture in China : from Red Guards to netizens
\"The lives and aspirations of young Chinese (those between 14 and 26 years old) have been transformed in the past five decades. By examining youth cultures around three historical points - 1968, 1988 and 2008 - this book argues that present-day youth culture in China has both international and local roots. Paul Clark describes how the Red Guards and the sent-down youth of the Cultural Revolution era carved out a space for themselves, asserting their distinctive identities, despite tight political controls. By the late 1980s, Chinese-style rock music, sports and other recreations began to influence the identities of Chinese youth, and in the twenty-first century, the Internet offers a new, broader space for expressing youthful fandom and frustrations. From the 1960s to the present, this book shows how youth culture has been reworked to serve the needs of the young Chinese\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Information Foundations for Improvement of the System Multilevel Basic Group Technology Mechanical Treatment
The information bases and principles for the development of a multilevel basic technology (MBT) system based on the method of analysis and synthesis of design and technological information in the working design documentation of the product are presented. The article deals with the scientific foundations and the Philosophical methodology of the multi-level basic technology system, using the descending and ascending design of technological processes by the \"analysis-synthesis\" method of design and technological information. The given graphical-text block diagrams allow to consider: - levels of technology and the degree of specification of information; - functions and structure of the MBT system; - a sequence of solving the problems of designing basic and working group technological processes. The application of the synthesis method for solving the problem of searching through technically possible variants of integrable transitions, positions and settings on professional personal computers with the correct filling of the matrix tables by a technologist of medium qualification makes it possible to obtain the optimal for the existing production of the technological processes machining of high-precision turning parts of simple and complex shape. Advantages of the proposed approach in comparison with the traditional ones are a significant increase in the quality of the developed technology and a sharp reduction in the terms of technological preparation of production.
Journal Article
CORA - a heuristic approach to machine-part cell formation in the presence of alternative process plans
In this paper, a three-stage heuristic is proposed to solve the machine-part cell formation (MPCF) problem in which parts have alternative process plans, commonly known as the generalized group technology problem. In the first stage, the best process plan (part route) for each part is selected using the proposed route rank index (RRI), a ranking measure calculated from the correlation among the process plans (CoRa – Correlation based ranking). In the second stage, machine-part cells are identified with an objective to maximize the grouping efficacy. A fine-tuning module validates the covering set in the third stage. Computational performance of the proposed heuristic on a set of generalized group technology dataset available in the literature is presented. The process plans identified by CORA resulted in a higher grouping efficacy for 25% of the test instances and for the other test instances the grouping efficacy achieved was as good as the best results reported in literature.
Journal Article
Dynamic patient grouping and prioritization: a new approach to emergency department flow improvement
The demand on emergency departments (ED) is variable and ever increasing, often leaving them overcrowded. Many hospitals are utilizing triage algorithms to rapidly sort and classify patients based on the severity of their injury or illness, however, most current triage methods are prone to over- or under-triage. In this paper, the group technology (GT) concept is applied to the triage process to develop a dynamic grouping and prioritization (DGP) algorithm. This algorithm identifies most appropriate patient groups and prioritizes them according to patient- and system-related information. Discrete event simulation (DES) has been implemented to investigate the impact of the DGP algorithm on the performance measures of the ED system. The impact was studied in comparison with the currently used triage algorithm, i.e., emergency severity index (ESI). The DGP algorithm outperforms the ESI algorithm by shortening patients’ average length of stay (LOS), average time to bed (TTB), time in emergency room, and lowering the percentage of tardy patients and their associated risk in the system.
Journal Article
Designing a manufacturing cell system by assigning workforce
Purpose: In this paper, we have proposed a new model for designing a Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) for minimizing the costs regarding a limited number of cells to be formed by assigning workforce. Design/methodology/approach: Pursuing mathematical approach and because the problem is NP-Hard, two meta-heuristic methods of Simulated Annealing (SA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms have been used. A small randomly generated test problem with real-world dimensions has been solved using simulated annealing and particle swarm algorithms. Findings: The quality of the two algorithms has been compared. The results showed that PSO algorithm provides more satisfactory solutions than SA algorithm in designing a CMS under uncertainty demands regarding the workforce allocation. Originality/value: In the most of the previous research, cell production has been considered under certainty production or demand conditions, while in practice production and demand are in a dynamic situations and in the real settings, cell production problems require variables and active constraints for each different time periods to achieve better design, so modeling such a problem in dynamic structure leads to more complexity while getting more applicability. The contribution of this paper is providing a new model by considering dynamic production times and uncertainty demands in designing cells.
Journal Article
Two-agent group scheduling with deteriorating jobs on a single machine
This paper considers the two-agent scheduling problems with deteriorating jobs and group technology on a single machine, where the objective is to minimize the total completion time of the first agent with the restriction that the maximum cost of the second agent cannot exceed a given upper bound. Two agents compete to perform their respective jobs on a common single machine, and each agent has his own criterion to optimize. We introduce deteriorating jobs and group technology into the two-agent single-machine scheduling where the job processing times and group setup times are both functions of their starting times. There are two different linear deterioration functions. We propose the optimal properties and present the optimal polynomial time algorithms for two different scheduling problems, respectively.
Journal Article
Integration of Lean Manufacturing and Group Technology Layout to increase production speed in the Manufacture of Furniture
PT. ABC is a wood processing company which manufacture household appliances such as chair, table, wagon, shelf, and clothen hanger using rubber wood as the base material. Based on the results of observations made on the company, it was known that the production process in the company still having many non-value added activities such as delay and long distance transportation activities, causing longer lead time of the production process. From the problems that exist in the company, lean manufacturing approach is used to reduce non value added activities by using Value Stream Mapping to identify activities which are value added and which are the non-value added then to reduce non-value added activities 5W and 1H principles is used. After non-value added activities have been reduced, followed by Group Technology Layout approach to design three alternative layouts with the purpose of minimize the distance between station. This study aims to eliminate non-value added activities through simplification of the production process and redesign of the layout to reduce production time. The results of this study concluded that using this method the manufacturing lead time is decreased from the beginning of 19237.4 seconds to 14340.3 seconds. In addition, process cycle efficiency also increased by 34.15% and the completion of the process also increased by 20 units or by 25.64%.
Journal Article
Group technology in flexible manufacturing
Current engineering production is characterised by rapid changes. These changes arise due to the shortening of product life cycles. Manufacturers are forced to introduce upgraded products at shorter intervals based on customer requirements. In this paper, we focus on the possibilities of production upgrading by using a group technology in the flexible manufacturing system. The production capabilities of one of the production machines in the manufacturing system will be analysed. This production machine is a lathe that produces one of the essential parts of a finished product. Determine what variations of this part can be produced without changing the physical configuration of the machine.
Journal Article