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Structural superlubricity and ultralow friction across the length scales
Structural superlubricity, a state of ultralow friction and wear between crystalline surfaces, is a fundamental phenomenon in modern tribology that defines a new approach to lubrication. Early measurements involved nanometre-scale contacts between layered materials, but recent experimental advances have extended its applicability to the micrometre scale. This is an important step towards practical utilization of structural superlubricity in future technological applications, such as durable nano- and micro-electromechanical devices, hard drives, mobile frictionless connectors, and mechanical bearings operating under extreme conditions. Here we provide an overview of the field, including its birth and main achievements, the current state of the art and the challenges to fulfilling its potential.
The phenomenon of ultralow friction between sliding incommensurate crystal surfaces—structural superlubricity—is examined, and the challenges and opportunities involved in its extension to the macroscale are assessed.
Journal Article
The mad and the bad
\"Michel Hartog, a sometime architect, is a powerful businessman and famous philanthropist whose immense fortune has just grown that much greater following the death of his brother in an accident. Peter is his orphaned nephew--a spoiled brat. Julie is in an insane asylum. Thompson is a hired gunman with an ulcerated gut. Michel, known for his kindly interest in the disadvantaged, hires Julie to look after Peter. And he hires Thompson to kill them. Julie and Peter escape. Thompson, gut groaning, pursues. Hunter and hunted make their way across France to the remote mountain estate to which Michel has retreated. Bullets fly. Bodies accumulate. The craziness is just getting started. Like Jean-Patrick Manchette's celebrated Fatale, The Mad and the Bad is a clear-eyed, cold-blooded, pitch-perfect work of creative destruction\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Impacted supernumerary tooth in the horizontal plate of palatine bone: a rare case report
Background
Supernumerary teeth, defined as extra teeth beyond the normal series of dentition, can appear anywhere in the dental arch. They may present as solitary or multiple, unilateral or bilateral, and can be either erupted or impacted. Rarely, supernumerary teeth are found in ectopic locations outside the dental arches, such as the nasal cavity, inferior nasal conchae, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus, or skull. To our knowledge, only two cases of supernumerary teeth in the horizontal plate of the palatine bone have been reported globally in the literature. This case represents the third known instance.
Case presentation
A 10-year-old boy presented to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery outpatient department (OPD) with his parents, reporting a bony hard swelling on the palate that had been present for three years. The swelling was asymptomatic, with no associated pain or discomfort. Clinical examination revealed a non-tender, bony hard swelling on the midline of the posterior hard palate, with healthy overlying mucosa. A non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan of the face confirmed the presence of an impacted supernumerary tooth in the middle of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone, with the crown oriented posteriorly and the root anteriorly. Surgical extraction was performed under general anesthesia. A palatal crevicular incision was made from the right second molar to the incisive papilla, and a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was raised. The impacted supernumerary tooth was located, the overlying bone was removed, and the tooth was extracted in its entirety. The flap was then closed primarily. Postoperative care included antibiotics, analgesics, and daily dressing for five days. The healing was uneventful, with no complications observed during the one-year follow-up.
Conclusion
In cases of swelling in the posterior hard palate, an impacted supernumerary tooth should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Although extraction is the preferred treatment, when supernumerary teeth are located near vital structures and are asymptomatic, close observation with periodic radiographic monitoring is a reasonable management option.
Journal Article
The killer inside me
\"Everyone in the small town of Central City, Texas loves Lou Ford. A deputy sheriff, Lou's known to the small-time criminals, the real-estate entrepreneurs, and all of his coworkers--the low-lifes, the big-timers, and everyone in-between--as the nicest guy around. He may not be the brightest or the most interesting man in town, but nevertheless, he's the kind of officer you're happy to have keeping your streets safe. The sort of man you might even wish your daughter would end up with someday. But behind the platitudes and glad-handing lurks a monster the likes of which few have seen. An urge that has already claimed multiple lives, and cost Lou his brother Mike, a self-sacrificing construction worker fell to his death on the job in what was anything but an accident. A murder that Lou is determined to avenge--and if innocent people have to die in the process, well, that's perfectly all right with him. In THE KILLER INSIDE ME, Thompson goes where few novelists have dared to go, giving us a pitch-black glimpse into the mind of the American Serial Killer years before Charles Manson, John Wayne Gacy, and Brett Easton Ellis's American Psycho, in the novel that will forever be known as the master performance of one of the greatest crime novelists of all time\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Hard-particle rotation enabled soft–hard integrated auxetic mechanical metamaterials
An auxetic design is proposed by soft–hard material integration and demonstrate negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) can be achieved by leveraging unique rotation features of non-connected hard particles in a soft matrix. A theoretical mechanics framework that describes rotation of hard particles in a soft matrix under a mechanical loading is incorporated with overall Poisson's ratio of the soft–hard integrated metamaterials. The theoretical analysis shows that the auxetic behaviour of the soft–hard integrated structures not only relies critically on geometry of particles, but also depends on their periodic arrangements in the soft matrix. Extensive finite-element analyses (FEA) are performed and validate the theoretical predictions of hard-particle rotation and overall Poisson's ratio of soft–hard integrated structures. Furthermore, uniaxial tensile tests are carried out on three-dimensional printed soft–hard integrated structures and confirm auxetic behaviour of soft–hard integrated structures enabled by the rotation of hard particles. Besides, Poisson's ratio varies nonlinearly with the thickness of specimens and reaches a maximum NPR far out of the bounds of plane stress and plane strain situations, which agrees well with FEA. This work provides a theoretical foundation for the design of mechanical metamaterials enabled by soft–hard material integration with auxetic deformation behaviour.
Journal Article
Nothing more than murder
\"Joe Wilmot can't stand his wife Elizabeth. But he sure loves her movie theater. It's a modest establishment in a beat-down town--but Joe has the run of the place, and inside its walls, he's king. Without the theater, he'd be sunk. Without his leadership, the theater would close in a heartbeat. If it isn't the life Joe imagined for himself, at the very least, it's livable. Everything changes when Joe falls for the housemaid Carol, and the two can't keep it a secret from Elizabeth. Elizabeth won't leave Joe the theater unless he provides for her...but he's put all his money into the show house. Carol and Joe's only hope is the life insurance policies they've taken out on each other. If one of them were to be presumed dead, they'd have more than enough money to solve all their problems... No one knows murder better than Jim Thompson and in this incisive foray into the dark dealings of the mid-20th century movie industry, he doesn't disappoint, in the riveting story of a love triangle gone horribly wrong, and just how far one man will go to hold on to a desperate dream\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Hodge theory for combinatorial geometries
We prove the hard Lefschetz theorem and the Hodge-Riemann relations for a commutative ring associated to an arbitrary matroid M. We use the Hodge-Riemann relations to resolve a conjecture of Heron, Rota, and Welsh that postulates the log-concavity of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of M. We furthermore conclude that the f-vector of the independence complex of a matroid forms a log-concave sequence, proving a conjecture of Mason and Welsh for general matroids.
Journal Article